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Oil Calculator Pro User Manual 2016

Copyright @ MooringMarineConsultancy 2014-2016 revision 3 Page 1

Contents Foreword ...................................................................................................................................................................4

Tables 2004 / 2007 explained: .....................................................................................................................................4

Tables 1980 / 1952 explained: .....................................................................................................................................4

The Settings page .......................................................................................................................................................5

Precision settings: ...................................................................................................................................................6

Imperial System: .....................................................................................................................................................7

Metric System:........................................................................................................................................................7

Use Table 56: ..........................................................................................................................................................7

Use dens – 11: ........................................................................................................................................................7

ASTM 1980: ............................................................................................................................................................8

ASTM 2007: ............................................................................................................................................................8

The main calculator screen..........................................................................................................................................9

Selecting density format: .........................................................................................................................................9

Selecting volume format:.......................................................................................................................................10

Selecting temperature format:...............................................................................................................................11

Selecting pressure format: .....................................................................................................................................11

Selecting alpha format: .........................................................................................................................................11

Selecting cargo type: .............................................................................................................................................11

Export data: ..........................................................................................................................................................13

Worked examples: ................................................................................................................................................14

Quantity records: Exporting to database tool .............................................................................................................16

Selecting cargo type: .............................................................................................................................................17

Selecting density format: .......................................................................................................................................17

Selecting temperature format:...............................................................................................................................17

Selecting pressure format: .....................................................................................................................................18

Selecting volume format:.......................................................................................................................................18

Selecting alpha format: .........................................................................................................................................18

Using the soft menu:.................................................................................................................................................19

Show list of entries:...............................................................................................................................................19

Save entry: ...........................................................................................................................................................20



Delete entry: ........................................................................................................................................................20

Recalculate: ..........................................................................................................................................................20

Oil Conversion Tool...................................................................................................................................................21

Density and temperature conversions: ...................................................................................................................21

ASTM tables 2004/2007 look up tool: .....................................................................................................................22

Fuel blending Tools ...................................................................................................................................................23

Blending two components:........................................................................................................................................23

Concept:...............................................................................................................................................................23

The various entries:...............................................................................................................................................24

Density after blend: ..................................................................................................................................................25

Concept:...............................................................................................................................................................25

The various entries:...............................................................................................................................................26

Viscosity blender: .....................................................................................................................................................27

Concept:...............................................................................................................................................................27

Component number: .............................................................................................................................................27

M³, Mtons and density: .........................................................................................................................................28

Viscosity: ..............................................................................................................................................................28

Flash point and pour point:....................................................................................................................................28

Fraction calculator: ...............................................................................................................................................28

Viscosity and temperature converter: ........................................................................................................................29

V50 converter (using one reference only): ..............................................................................................................29

Walther equation converter (using two reference points): ......................................................................................30

Viscosity limit:.......................................................................................................................................................30

Show Walther / show V50: ....................................................................................................................................31

Set Theme: ...........................................................................................................................................................32

LPG / NGL conversion tool.........................................................................................................................................33

Table 23E: observed density to relative density @ 60°F: ..........................................................................................33

Table 53E: observed density to density @ 15°C: ......................................................................................................33

Table 54 / 54E: CTL for density @ 15°C: ..................................................................................................................33

Table 59E: observed density to density @ 20°C: ......................................................................................................33

LPG density calculator tool: .......................................................................................................................................34

Temperature range: ..............................................................................................................................................34



Error messages: ....................................................................................................................................................34

Choosing a constituent: .........................................................................................................................................35

Mole fractions: .....................................................................................................................................................35

Vapor pressure: ....................................................................................................................................................35

Data storage: ........................................................................................................................................................35

LNG density calculator tool: ......................................................................................................................................36

Temperature range: ..............................................................................................................................................36

Error messages: ....................................................................................................................................................36

Choosing a constituent: .........................................................................................................................................37

Mole fractions: .....................................................................................................................................................37

Liquid temperature: ..............................................................................................................................................37

Data storage: ........................................................................................................................................................37

LPG / NGL liquid calculation tool: ...............................................................................................................................38

Required entries: ..................................................................................................................................................38

LPG / NGL vapor calculation tool: ..............................................................................................................................39

Required entries: ..................................................................................................................................................39



Foreword

This user manual attempts to explain all utilities and functions of Oil Calculator Pro in detail, and

provides the user with enough background information to enable efficient and comfortable use of the

app.

Although most of the functionality is intuitive enough and designed with an aim towards ease and

simplicity, the underlying algorithms and the way the settings work and affect the outcome of

calculations are considered to be sufficiently complex that they justify more detailed explanation.

This is the second version of the user manual, and it is the intention of the author to publish future

updates as necessary, based on feedback received from customers and readers.

To this end, you are invited to submit any queries, comments and / or criticism either as a comment

on our website (hhtp://mooringmarineconsultancy.wordpress.com), or through a review in Google

Play.

Tables 2004 / 2007 explained:

Although generally the new ASTM tables are known as the „2004‟ tables, there was an amendment to

them in 2007, which took care of re-establishing the rules for rounding off things such as the CTL and

other numbers.

Therefore, although the algorithms used for calculating the CTL and CTPL are all based on the 2004

tables, the amendment of 2007 has been included in the application of these tables in this app, and

the new tables are thus referred to as either 2004 or 2007 tables, both meaning in essence the same.

Tables 1980 / 1952 explained:

In the settings screen there is a setting called „1980‟ and „2007, which refers to the version of the

tables. For regular petroleum products, crude and luboil, as well as special applications these two

dates refer to the version of the tables, i.e. ASTM 1980 and ASTM 2004 (with amendment 2007).

When calculating LPG / NGL, the tables referred to as 54E, 24E etc are part of the GPA TP 27

publication, and these are used when table version is set to 2007, regardless of whether SI Metric

units or Imperial units are being used.

When using SI Metric units, the user has an additional option for calculating LPG/NGL, the old table

54 (1952). There is a considerable difference between CTL calculated using table 54E and table 54

but at the request of various users (since this table is still very much used in some areas), this table

has been included. This is why in the calculator screen, when calculating LPG using SI Metric units

and using the 1980 setting, the bottom left button in the screen shows „1952‟ instead of „1980‟.



The Settings page

The settings page provides user settings that are applicable throughout the app. They are saved

within the app whenever the user makes a change to them, and changes take effect immediately.

On the calculator screen there are

three buttons that provide direct

access to the three main settings

shown here:

- Metric / Imperial system

- Use Table 56 / dens – 11

- Use 1980 or 2004/2007 tables

The buttons in the calculator screen

toggle the setting, and the change in

setting is immediately effective and

applied to all screens as applicable.



Precision settings:

For various calculated values, the user can choose the number of decimals to be displayed. By

default the precision settings are as follows:

- For Volume Correction Factor:

o 5 decimals (when using 2004/2007 tables)

o 4 decimals (when using 1980 tables)

o Can be manually overridden, minimum 3, maximum 6 decimals

- For Gross Standard Volume (if in M³):

o 3 decimals. The same applies for Gross Observed Volume

o Minimum 3, maximum 6 decimals

- For Long Tons:

o 2 decimals.


- For Metric Tons (Both in vacuo and in air):

o 3 decimals.


- For Barrels and Gallons:

o 0 decimals.


There are two buttons, one for saving settings and one for selecting the defaults. It is not really

necessary to use the „save‟ button, settings are saved automatically. When the user presses the

„default values‟ button, only the precision settings revert to the defaults.



Imperial System:

When selected, all volume correction calculations for oil (i.e. for non LPG/NGL) are carried out using

US Imperial standards, meaning that for calculating the VCF for crude oil, table 6A is used, for

products table 6B is used etc.

Also the temperature, density and volume units are set accordingly; volume units will be set to Barrels,

temperature will be set to Fahrenheit and density unit will be set to API as long as we are dealing with

crude, products and lubricating oils.

Please note that any such default settings can at any time be overridden, however the calculations

are performed using the appropriate set of tables based on this setting.

Also, the volume setting for the main calculator is by default M³ because the user has a whole range

of different units to choose from there. Once the user sets a different unit here, this remains the

default even when the user quits the app, until it is changed the next time to something different.

When Imperial units are selected, calculations in the calculator screen are carried out using 60°F as

base temperature, and GSV is calculated at 60°F.

Metric System:

When selected, all volume correction calculations for oil (i.e. for non LPG/NGL) are carried out using

SI Metric standards, meaning that for calculating the VCF for crude oil table 54A is used, for products

table 54B is used etc.

Also the temperature, density and volume units are set accordingly; volume units will be set to M³,

temperature will be set to Celsius and density unit will be set to density 15 as long as we are dealing

with crude, products and lubricating oils.

When Metric units are selected, calculations in the calculator screen are carried out using 15°C as

base temperature, and GSV is calculated at 15°C, except if density at 20°C is used, in which case the

GSV is calculated at 20°C.

Use Table 56:

This setting is only applicable when using SI Metric system; it gives the user the choice to calculate

Metric Tons in air using Table 56, or simply using density @ 15 minus 11 points. The reason for this

option is that there are numerous locations in the world where surveyors actually use density @ 15

minus 11 points instead of Table 56.

The preferred option is obviously to use table 56.

Use dens – 11:

See use table 56: using this setting, density in air is calculated as (dens in vacuo – 11 points).

Example: d15(vac) = 986.5 => d15(air) = 985.4.



ASTM 1980:

When this setting is selected, all VCF calculations, API / density conversions and density / API

reductions to 60F/15C are carried out using 1980 version tables. When calculating for LPG/NGL

using Metric units, table 54 (1952) is used to calculate VCF. When using Imperial units, table 54E

(2007) is used regardless of whether the setting is 1980 or 2007.

When ASTM 1980 is selected, calculation of pressure correction is not possible. Instead, only the

1980 version volume correction factor is calculated, and any API / density conversions and API /

density reductions are carried out using 1980 tables.

Precision setting for the VCF calculation is automatically set to 4 decimals, although this can be

overridden by the user to any other value, in the settings page.

In the main calculator screen, entries for pressure and alpha (thermal expansion coefficient) as well

as the unit selectors for pressure and alpha are consequently disabled in this case.

Please note also that this setting does NOT have any effect on the outcome of ASTM table look ups

in the Oil Conversion tool, because those look ups are solely based on 2004/2007 tables.

ASTM 2007:

This is the opposite of the 1980 settings. All calculations are carried out using 2004/2007 table

versions; in the main calculator screen (and the quantity records editor as well) the correction for

pressure is enabled.

Unit selection for pressure units is also enabled now. Precision for the VCF calculations is

automatically set to 5 decimals, but can be overridden manually.



The main calculator screen

Selecting density format:

By default the density format is set to either API @ 60 or density @ 15, depending on whether the

user has selected Imperial system or Metric system in the settings page.

If the user wants to change the density format, simply press the density field on the right side, and

choose the desired format. You can choose between density 15, API 60, relative density (60), density

20, or observed density.

If the density field contains any value prior to selecting a new density format, the value will be

converted to the newly selected density format automatically, based on the table version setting in the

settings page.

For example: Table version used is 2007, Metric system is selected, API value is 12.4

After selecting „dens 15‟, the converted value of 982.7 is showing in the density field.

Please note that except for dens20, other density units get converted to dens15 automatically during

calculation and GSV is at 15°C. When using dens20, GSV at 20°C is calculated. This all, provided

that the unit setting is “SI Metric”. If Imperial units are used, then all density units get converted to

relative density / API, and GSV is calculated at 60°F.



Selecting volume format:

Selecting volume format does not only serve to specify a volume in either M³ or Barrels, it also serves

to indicate what to calculate based on which input parameters.

Not only is it possible to calculate results based on Barrels or M³ observed, if the user selects for

example „MT air‟, then gross observed and gross standard volume, as well as Barrels, MTons vac,

Gallons and Long Tons will be calculated based on the input density / API, temperature and MTons

air. In other words, reverse calculation.

To show this function in an example, considering the following set of parameters:

SI Metric setting, tables 2004/2007 and using Table 56.

Density = 965.2, Heavy Fuel Oil (i.e „Product‟). Observed temperature = 36.7 deg C

Metric Tons in air = 5,000

This gives the results shown below: Entering instead a GOV of 5266.813 M³ gives:



Selecting temperature format:

Selecting temperature format changes both the used temperature format and converts any existing

temperature value to the newly selected unit.

In other words, if the user has entered a temperature of 36.7 deg C, and then selects „deg F‟, the new

temperature will automatically read as 98.06 deg F.

Selecting pressure format:

Selecting pressure format changes both the used pressure format and converts any existing pressure

value to the newly selected unit.

In other words, if the user has entered a pressure of 240 psi, and then selects „Bar‟, the new pressure

will automatically read as 16.55 Bar.

Selecting alpha format:

Selecting alpha format changes both the used alpha format and converts any existing alpha value to

the newly selected unit.

In other words, if the user has entered an alpha of 0.0009004 /deg C, and then selects „/deg F‟, the

new alpha will automatically read as 0.000500222 /deg F.

Selecting cargo type:

The available cargo types are:

- Product

- Crude

- LubOil

- Special Application

- LPG / NGL

Depending on the type of cargo selected and the table version selected in the settings screen, the

appropriate ASTM tables are used to calculate the Volume Correction Factor.

Product, Crude and LubOil speak for themselves, they refer to tables „B‟, „A‟ and „D‟ respectively, be it

6B, 6A, 6D or 54B, 54A or 54D.



Special Applications can be calculated using either 1980 or 2004 tables. Special Application refers to

the „C‟ version of each table, such as 6C, 54C etc.

These tables are used when calculating the volume correction factor for products to which the

established formula for calculating the thermal expansion coefficient cannot be applied, such as for

example denatured Fuel Ethanol and Gasoline.

When calculating the volume correction factor for special applications, only the observed temperature

and the thermal expansion coefficient alpha as declared by the suppliers of the cargo are required to

find the corresponding VCF (or CTL as it is called nowadays). The density is then used to calculate

volumes and weights.

Please note that when using the 2004 version tables, the volume correction factor in this case is a

CTPL, a combination of both pressure and temperature corrections. If pressure is unknown, the entry

can be left blank and the standard pressure will be assumed.

For several products such as 99% denatured Fuel Ethanol the thermal expansion coefficient is well

known, and stated to be:

99% denatured Fuel Ethanol: 0.000599 /deg F, or 0.001078 /deg C

95-99% denatured Fuel Ethanol: 0.000603 /deg F, or 0.001085 /deg C



LPG / NGL: these are calculated using tables 23E, 24E, 53E, 54E, 59E and 60E as per API MPMS

Chapter 11.2.4 version 2007. When using SI Metric units, instead of table 54E table 54 can be used

by setting table version to 1980. In the calculator screen the button on the bottom left side will in that

case show „1952‟. When using Imperial units however, table 54E is always used:

When calculating for LPG / NGL, no inputs are accepted for pressure and alpha.

Export data:

When the user presses „Export data‟ all data fields are exported into a database. The app will ask the

user for an entry title, and all data in the calculator screen will then be copied into the created

database entry. For more info see page 15, „Quantity records‟.



Worked examples:

The following examples have been provided to give the user an idea of what can be accomplished in

the main calculator screen, and how to obtain the results under specific circumstances:

1. A tank containing crude oil with a density in vacuum of 867.3 and observed temperature of

38.5 deg C has been measured and is found to contain a total volume of 25,500 Bbls.

Calculate the quantity in Bbls at 60 F and long tons using Imperial standards as per 1980

tables.

Solution:

Select „Imperial System‟ and „ASTM 1980‟ in settings, select „dens15‟, „GOV BBLS‟, „Crude‟

and „deg C‟ in the main calculator screen.

Enter 867.3 in the density field, 38.5 in the temperature field and 25,500 in the volume field

The results will show:

VCF = 0.9811

GSV(M³) = 3,977.553

LTons = 3,388.68

Bbls(60F) = 25,018

2. A ship‟s tank has been measured and contains 12,521.364 M³ of Gasoil, with an observed

temperature of 33.3 deg C and a density in vacuum of 834.7. Calculate the quantity in Metric

Tons in air using Metric standards as per 2004/2007 tables.

Solution:

Select „Metric System‟, „Table 56‟ and „ASTM 2007‟ in settings. Select „dens15‟, „GOV M³‟,

„Product‟ and „deg C‟ in the main calculator screen.

Enter 834.7 in the density field, 33.3 in the temperature field and 12,521.364 in the volume

field. The result will show:

VCF = 0.98431

GSV(M³) = 12,324.904

MT(Air) = 10,274.357

3. A shore tank containing 99% + denatured Fuel Ethanol contains 5,225 liters at 20 °C. The

alpha coefficient is 0.000599 /°F or 0.001078 /°C. What is the quantity in liters at 15 °C using

SI Metric standards and ASTM tables version 2007? Density at 15 °C in vacuum is 762.5.

Solution:

Select „Metric System‟, „ASTM 2007‟ in settings. Select „dens15‟, „GOV M³‟, „Special applic‟,

„/deg C‟ for alpha and „deg C‟ for temperature in the main calculator screen. Enter 5.225 in the

volume field, 20 in the temperature field, 762.5 for density and 0.001078 in the alpha field.

The result will show:

VCF = 0.99461.

M³ 15 °C = 5.197



4. The density at 15 °C of a 99% + denatured Fuel Ethanol is given as 790.45. What is the

density at 20 °C?

Solution:

Select „Metric System‟, „ASTM 2007‟ in settings. Select „dens15‟, „GOV M³‟, „Special applic‟,

„/deg C‟ for alpha and „deg C‟ for temperature in the main calculator screen. Enter 790.45 in

the density field, 15 in the temperature field and 0.001078 in the alpha field.

Now select „dens20‟ using the density format button. The density is automatically converted

and will now show as 786.2 (rounded off to 1 decimal from 786.19).

5. The density of a tank of Naphtha is given as 765.3 at 20 °C. The observed volume in the tank

is 23,456 M³ while the observed temperature is 24.6 °C. What are the weights and volumes

according to ASTM 2007 using SI Metric standards?

Solution:

Select „Metric System‟, „ASTM 2007‟ and „Use Table 56‟ in settings. Select „dens20‟, „GOV M³‟,

„Crude‟, and „deg C‟ for temperature in the main calculator screen. Enter 765.3 in the density

field, 24.6 in the temperature field and 23456 in the volume field.

The results show:

VCF = 0.99518

GSV = 23,342.942 M³ at 20 °C

MT(Vac) = 17,864.354

MT(Air) = 17,839.035

LTons = 17,557.29

Bbls = 146,908

Gallons = 6,170,136

If we convert the dens20 to dens15, you will see that VCF, GSV, Gallons and Bbls change

significantly but the tonnes hardly change. (The weights should not change at all, but their

change is due to rounding differences):

VCF = 0.99001

GSV = 23,221.675 M³ at 15 °C

Bbls = 146,145 / Gallons = 6,138,090



Quantity records: Exporting to database tool

When first opened, if no entries exist the user will be asked to enter a new entry title. This title can at

any time be changed by the user.

Created records can be copied, edited and deleted. Any changes made to an entry will automatically

be updated in the database. Calculated values depend on settings used at the time of calculation.

The user has the option to change cargo type, temperature format, density format, volume format and

pressure format, just like in the main calculator screen.

When data is exported from the main calculator screen into the quantity records editor, all settings

and values are copied into the created entry, and all buttons and text fields reflect the settings as

copied (but not the settings of Metric/Imperial units, old/new table versions).

By changing the cargo type, density format, temperature, pressure or volume format, recalculation is

automatically invoked and the updated values will reflect the changes as made by the user.

Recalculation can also be invoked manually using the soft menu. Just like in the main calculator

screen, any density unit except dens20 is automatically converted internally to dens15 during



calculation and GSV is calculated at 15 °C (if SI Metric System is selected), whereas if dens20 is

used as density unit, GSV is calculated at 20 °C.

When Imperial System is selected, GSV is calculated at 60 °F regardless, and all density units are

internally converted to API at 60 °F.

Selecting cargo type:

As in the main calculator screen, the available cargo types are:

- Product

- Crude

- LubOil

- Special Application

- LPG / NGL

Upon selecting a different cargo type, all values are automatically recalculated.

Selecting density format:

As in the main calculator screen, the available density formats are:

- Density 15

- API 60

- Relative Density

- Density 20

- Observed Density

Depending on whether SI Metric system or Imperial system has been selected, gross standard

volume is calculated at either 60°F or 15°C with the exception of density 20 when using SI Metric

system; in this case standard volume is calculated at 20°C.

Internally all density formats are automatically converted to density 15 when using SI Metric system

(except dens 20) or API 60 (when using Imperial system).

As seen from worked example (5) on page 15, the calculated weight is almost the same whether

using dens20 or the converted dens15. In theory the outcome should be exactly the same, but minor

differences occur due to rounding off errors.

Selecting temperature format:

When selecting a different temperature format, the existing value is automatically converted and all

values are recalculated although no difference in outcome will be experienced of course.



Selecting pressure format:

When selecting a different pressure format, the existing value is automatical ly converted and all

values are recalculated although no difference in outcome will be experienced.

Selecting volume format:

When selecting a different volume format, the existing value is automatically converted and all values

are recalculated with the results showing in M³, Liters, Bbls or Gallons as appropriate. Unlike in the

main calculator screen, it is not possible here to reverse calculate Metric Tons etc.

Selecting alpha format:

Like in the main calculator screen, choosing alpha format is done by pressing the button „Alpha‟. If the

alpha field contains a value it is automatically converted. Internally the alpha value is always

converted to /deg F.



Using the soft menu in the quantity editor:

Show list of entries:

The soft menu is accessible either using the menu button (normally the left hand button on the phone)

or pressing the soft menu button on the screen, as seen on tablets for example:

Soft menu button on tablets Actual soft menu in action

After activating the soft menu, once you select „show list of entries‟, the list of available entries is

shown. If no entries are available, the list shows one entry called „Create new entry‟ which when

selected, will ask the user to enter a title for an entry. If entries are available then the one selected will

be loaded and data will be displayed accordingly.



Save entry:

When selecting „Save entry‟, if no title has been entered in the title field, the app will automatically

generate a title consisting of date and time, otherwise the entry data will be saved as the title entered

by the user.

If the user leaves the quantity record editor page without saving and the entry contains unsaved data,

the app will automatically save any changes.

Delete entry:

When selecting „Delete entry‟, the current entry (if any) will be deleted from the database, after the

user confirms deletion. If the user wants to delete several entries from the database then the way to

do so is to select each entry using the „Show list of entries‟, and upon loading of each entry use the

menu again to select „Delete entry‟.

Recalculate:

Although calculations are done automatically in most cases there may occasionally be a situation in

which values are not recalculated automatically. If the user is unsure whether values have been

recalculated after entering new data, selecting „Recalculate‟ will force recalculation of all current data.



Oil Conversion Tool

The oil conversion tool consists of two sections, Density and temperature conversions, and ASTM

tables look up tool:

Density and temperature conversions:

The upper section holds the necessary fields for converting both deg C and deg F, as well as the

fields for entry of observed density, density 15, density 20, Relative density and API 60. All fields are

updated automatically as data is entered.

The conversions are only carried out using ASTM 2007, regardless of the settings in the settings

screen.



ASTM tables 2004/2007 look up tool:

The lower section holds the ASTM 2007 petroleum tables. The desired table is selected using the

green button with default title „Table 5‟ (Showing „Table 6‟ in the above screenshot). When pressed,

the button activates the list of available tables and the user can then select the required table.

The values from the ASTM tables are only calculated using ASTM 2007, regardless of the settings in

the settings screen. If the user specifically wants to use ASTM 1980 data, then he can get data for

table 54 and table 6 from the main calculator screen.

For table A, B and D density / API as well as a temperature must be entered to obtain the results. For

table C (the special applications tables), the thermal expansion coefficient and a temperature must be

entered.

The thermal expansion coefficient is entered either in /deg C or /deg F depending on the table. For

example when using table 6 alpha is entered in deg F but when using table 54, alpha is entered in

/deg C. This is slightly different from the main calculator screen, where the user can choose either

/deg C or /deg F as input format.



Fuel blending Tools

The fuel blending tools consists of three sections:

- Blending two components

- Density after blend

- Viscosity blender

Blending two components:

Concept:

When blending two components in a ship‟s cargo tank, normally the term „load on top‟ is used to

indicate that the two components are loaded together into one space. The term „load on top‟ is

however inaccurate in this day and age since in actual fact both components are normally loaded into

the tanks using the ship‟s bottom lines, and the second component consequently is loaded below the

first component, and not on top of it.



When loading two components with the objective of blending them, the blending process relies on the

difference in density of the components to ensure that both components eventually become

homogeneously mixed.

The only way to ensure that mixing actually takes place is to load the heaviest component first, and

the lighter component afterwards, thereby forcing the lighter component to be pushed up through the

heavier component.

Heavier and lighter in this context refers to the actual density (i.e. at observed temperature) rather

than to the density at 15°C or 60°F. In other words we need to compare the weight correction factor

for the two components to find out which one is heavier and which one is lighter.

The „Blending two components‟ tool helps with this; upon entering the required data, it will indicate

which component to load first. It will also calculate the average density and the total volume and

weights after blending. As seen in the screen shot on the previous page, in the example the first

grade to load is the one with the lighter density, due to its far lower temperature than the grade with

the higher density.

The average density and total volume is calculated taking shrinkage into consideration. It is a well

known fact that when mixing two hydro carbons with different density, the total volume after mixing is

not equal to the sum of the two volumes. Instead in most cases the final volume is slightly reduced

due to the shrinkage that occurs (although there are certain cases where the shrinkage can be

negative and produce a volume bigger than the sum of the two constituents).

The shrinkage is calculated in accordance with API MPMS Chapter 12.3 and shown separately.

The various entries:

Only six entries are required: observed volume, observed temperature and density 15 (or API 60,

depending on whether SI Metric or Imperial system has been selected in settings). At the bottom of

the page there is a button which enables the user to select either crude, product or lubrication oil as

medium.

If mixing crude plus product, then „crude‟ should be selected. If mixing two products, „product‟ should

be selected.

The shrinkage factor for crude oil and general products is fairly well known, however for lubricating

oils there is no data available and consequently shrinkage is not calculated when lubricating oil is

selected as cargo type.



Density after blend:

Concept:

The Density after blend tool is a slight variation on the first blending tool. It assumes that we have a

tank loaded with a certain volume of observed temperature and given density, and we are loading a

second volume with known density „on top‟. The temperature after loading the second volume is

known, as well as the total volume loaded.

The formula for shrinkage is used in this case to establish the theoretical loaded volume. This volume

will be slightly higher than the loaded volume obtained from the difference between volume before

and after (that is, for cases where heavy fuel oils or heavy fuel oil and crude of different density are

mixed).

You may see therefore a different final density than expected on the basis of the two entered volumes,

especially when mixing components with significantly different densities.



The shrinkage factor for crude oil and general products is fairly well known, however for lubricating

oils there is no data available and consequently shrinkage is not calculated when lubricating oil is

selected as cargo type.

The various entries:

Only six entries are required: observed volume, observed temperature and density 15 (or API 60,

depending on whether SI Metric or Imperial system has been selected in settings) before blending, as

well as final observed volume, final observed temperature, and density of the second component.

At the bottom of the page there is a button which enables the user to select either crude, product or

lubrication oil as medium.

If mixing crude plus product, then „crude‟ should be selected. If mixing two products, „product‟ should

be selected.



Viscosity blender:

Concept:

The viscosity blender calculates a blend of maximum ten components, and actually calculates not

only the viscosity but also the pour point, flash point and density of the resulting blend.

All data entered is stored into a local database and will be saved automatically so that the user can

later easily retrieve and edit the information again. There is however only one set of data available, at

present it is not possible to save multiple blend configurations under different names.

The viscosity blender actually contains two tools: one is the actually blender tool as described above,

the other one is a simple fraction calculator, which will be explained further below.

Component number:

This is a drop down list numbered from 1 to 10 and is used to select a specific entry. When you select

another entry, any data that has been entered in the current entry is saved; thereafter any existing

data for the newly selected entry is loaded into the display.



M³, Mtons and density:

If the user enters a volume and a density, the weight is calculated automatically. Conversely if you

enter a weight and a density, the volume is calculated automatically. Units used for these entries

depends on whether you have selected SI Metric or Imperial in the settings screen: all data is stored

in the database in SI Metric form, but is displayed in Imperial units if Imperial units has been set in the

settings screen, and values of density and volume are automatically converted accordingly.

Viscosity:

The viscosity is entered in centistokes (cSt) regardless of which unit has been chosen in settings. The

resulting blend viscosity is also calculated and displayed in centistokes.

Flash point and pour point:

Flash point and pour point are entered either in °C or °F depending on the unit setting. As with

volume and density, the flash point and pour point are stored in the database in °C, and the resulting

flash and pour point are calculated in °C, but are displayed according to the unit setting chosen in the

settings screen.

Fraction calculator:

The fraction calculator calculates the respective quantities of two components, based on their

individual viscosities and the required target viscosity. The user simply has to enter the total quantity,

target viscosity and the viscosity of each component, and the app then calculates the required

quantity for each component using the Refutas method to reach the target viscosity.



Viscosity and temperature converter:

The viscosity and temperature converter consists of two different converters: one that calculates an

alternate temperature / viscosity pair using the „V50‟ method, requiring the input of only one reference

temperature and one reference viscosity, and one that calculates an alternate temperature / viscosity

pair using the „Walther equation‟, requiring the input of two reference temperatures and two reference

viscosities.

V50 converter (using one reference only):

After entering a viscosity (for example 380 cSt) and a temperature (say 122°F), if you then enter a

temperature of 167°F, the resulting viscosity will be shown as 98.9 cSt. As with the viscosity blender,

temperatures will by default be shown according to the SI Metric / Imperial unit setting in the settings

screen, but both converters have a temperature conversion button so that you can seamlessly switch

between °C and °F. In the V50 converter both the reference temperature and the alternate

temperature unit can be set separately, with neither one affecting the other.



Walther equation converter (using two reference points):

After entering two viscosities and two temperatures (for example 400 cSt at 86°F and 30 cSt at

212°F), if you then enter an alternate temperature of 122°C, the resulting viscosity will be displayed

as 154.6 cSt.

Viscosity limit:

When pressing this button, a list of viscosities pops up, allowing you to set the maximum viscosity

value that will be plotted with the understanding that the maximum viscosity plotted is never less than

the lower viscosity entered in the converter.



Show Walther / show V50:

When pressing this button, the plot is switched between the Walther graph and the V50 graph, using

the parameters as entered in the corresponding section:

V50 Graph Walther Graph



Set Theme:

When you press the soft menu, an entry „Set Theme‟ comes up, which lets you choose a color for the

background of the plot, and a color for the plotted graph as shown in below screen shot:



LPG / NGL conversion tool

The LPG / NGL conversion tool consists of four sections:

Table 23E: observed density to relative density @ 60°F:

Table 23E converts observed density to relative density at 60°F. Input of temperature can be in either

deg C or deg F. In this section there is also an option to convert density at 15°C to relative density at

60°F.

Table 53E: observed density to density @ 15°C:

Table 53E converts observed density to density at 15°C. Input of temperature can be in either deg C

or deg F.

Table 54 / 54E: CTL for density @ 15°C:

Table 54 calculates the CTL for a density at 15°C, using table 54 (1952). Table 54E does the same

using table 54E (2007). Input of temperature can be in either deg C or deg F.

Table 59E: observed density to density @ 20°C:

Table 59E converts observed density to density at 20°C. Input of temperature can be in either deg C

or deg F.



LPG density calculator tool:

The LPG density calculator uses the Frances formula to calculate the density at the observed

temperature of an LPG mixture based on the amount of each of its constituents.

Temperature range:

The vapor and liquid temperatures are limited between -60°C and +30°C.

Error messages:

The following error messages will be generated depending on wrongly entered data:

- constituent entered more than once

- sum of fractions not equal to one

- missing fraction for constituent

- vapor temperature too high or too low

- liquid temperature too high or too low



Choosing a constituent:

A maximum of 9 constituents can be entered. The following constituents are available to choose from:

- Ethylene (C2H4)

- Ethane (C2H6)

- Propene (C3H6)

- Propane (C3H8)

- n-Butene (n-C4H8)

- n-Butane (n-C4H10)

- i-Butane (i-C4H10)

- n-Pentane (n-C5H12)

- i-Pentane (i-C5H12)

- n-Hexane (n-C6H14)

- n-Heptane (n-C7H16)

Each constituent can be entered only once. If the user attempts to use the same constituent more

than once, an error message will show.

Mole fractions:

For each constituent entered, a fraction value between 0 and 1.0 must be entered. The sum of the

fractions must be 1 or the app will show an error message.

Vapor pressure:

This is the absolute vapor space pressure in Bar.

Data storage:

Any data entered is stored in a database and is automatically retrieved the next time.



LNG density calculator tool:

The LNG density calculator uses the revised Klosek-McKinley formula to calculate the density at the

observed temperature of an LNG mixture based on the amount of each of its constituents.

Temperature range:

The liquid temperature is limited between -144°C and -183°C.

Error messages:

The following error messages will be generated depending on wrongly entered data:

- constituent entered more than once

- sum of fractions not equal to one

- missing fraction for constituent

- liquid temperature too high or too low



Choosing a constituent:

A maximum of 9 constituents can be entered. The following constituents are available to choose from:

- Methane (CH4)

- Ethane (C2H6)

- Propane (C3H8)

- n-Butane (n-C4H10)

- iso-Butane (i-C4H10)

- Nitrogen (N2)

- n-Pentane (n-C5H12)

- iso-Pentane (i-C5H12)

- n-Hexane (n-C6H14)

Each constituent can be entered only once. If the user attempts to use the same constituent more

than once, an error message will show.

Mole fractions:

For each constituent entered, a fraction value between 0 and 1.0 must be entered. The sum of the

fractions must be 1 or the app will show an error message.

Liquid temperature:

This is the observed temperature of the liquid in °C.

Data storage:

Any data entered is stored in a database and is automatically retrieved the next time.



LPG / NGL liquid calculation tool:

The LPG/NGL liquid mass calculation tool calculates weight in air and vacuo based on the density as

specified by the supplier of the LPG or NGL. Either relative density or density at 15°C can be entered,

relative density is automatically converted to density at 15°C.

Required entries:

- Density: as above

- Liquid temperature

- Shrink factor: normally given in the tank calibration table. If not entered, is assumed 1.

- Observed volume



LPG / NGL vapor calculation tool:

The LPG/NGL vapor mass calculation tool calculates weight in vacuum based on vapor temperature,

tank vapor pressure, atmospheric pressure and molar weight. Temperature can be entered in either

deg C or deg F. The tank vapor pressure is relative, not absolute. The molar weight is normally given

in the data sheet as furnished by the supplier of the cargo.

Required entries:

- Vapor temperature

- Tank vapor pressure (gauge) in kPa

- Atmospheric pressure in kPa

- Molar weight

- Observed vapor volume

- Shrink factor: normally given in the tank calibration table. If not entered, is assumed 1.

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