Oil Leak at Gulf of Mexico

8/8/2019 Oil Leak at Gulf of Mexico

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GROUP K

GROUP MEMBERS

1. GUNASEGARAN A/L KANESAN2. MOHD ZAMREE3. MOHD FARID4. HABIBAH BT OTHMAN5. LEW MAN TAARNG


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Gulf of Mexico oil

spill

Location: Gulf of Mexico near Mississippi River Delta

Date: 20 April2010 15 July2010

Cause: Wellhead blowout

Area: 2,500 to68,000 sq mi(6,500 to180,000 km 2)

Operator:Transocean under contract for BP


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L ocation of oil spill


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Timeline


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E ffectsPeople along the Gulf Coast were getting very sick, with symptomsof dizziness, vomiting, nausea, headaches, and chest pains13 dead (11 killed on Deepwater Horizon, 2 additional oil-relateddeaths)17 injuredOn August 13, 4,678 dead animals had been collected, including4,080 birds, 525 sea turtles, 72 dolphins and other mammals, and 1reptileBP reported that its own expenditures on the oil spill had reached$3.12 billion, including the cost of the spill response, containment,

relief well drilling, grants to the Gulf states, claims paid, and federalcosts.Shrimping and fishing industries in L ouisiana and neighboring statesare affected


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Oil leak from an off shore drilling rigowned by BP that Occurred April 22 2010.

Oil is spilling approx 5000 barrels a day. Spill is approx 100 miles long and 48 mileswide.


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It could take weeks or monthsto stop the leak.

The United States CoastGuard is in charge of theoperation.


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About 100 miles South of Pensacolaand the mouth of the Mississippi

There are a fleet of skimmer boats

being used near the oil rig (fairlyeffective) USCG/BP are deploying Corexit

dispersant on the oil spill

There are burning trials beingundergone using fire boom near therig (very small amounts burned)

Where is it at right now?


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Before


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After


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W hat are people doing to handle the

oil spill?

Companies such as BP areattempting to clear the spill byapplying thick vicious fluids twice thedensity of water into the site of the

leak to stop the flow, so the well canthen be sealed with cement and theneventually closing it.


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E xxon Mobil's Rex W. Tillerson

The C EO of E xxon Mobil Corp. saysthe oil industry's biggest challengeis regaining public trust after the BP oil spill in the Gulf of

Mexico.

Rex Tillerson addedthat his company hasadvised BP PLC onhow to stop the oilflow. He said BP waspursuing the righttactics.


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There is no magic bullet to cleanup an oilspill.

Current technology cannot haul oil whereyou want it to go.

The first places to get oilare the gulf front beaches.

The first place cleanup getsdone are the beaches on the gulf front.


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Workers Cleaning Up The

Washed Up O il


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U.S. Coast Guard

skimming operations inthe aftermath of theDeepwater Horizondisaster in the Gulf of

Mexico.


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W hat is President Obama's response to

the spill?Obama's response wasn't immediate. Heordered, from Air Force One, that the spill be

taken as a Gulf Threat and wanted anaggressive response as it can cause damageto the Gulf's ecology and economy.


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W hat caused the Oil Spill and what

made it worsen overtime?

This was caused by an explosion thatoccurred recently.W eakened cement caused the

underwater oil pipes to crack.


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At approxima tely 10pm on Tu esd a y, April 20 , an e xplos ion rock ed Tran s oc e an' s Dee pwa te r Horizon drilling rig r es ulting in the loss of 11 cr e w m e mb e r s an d the s inking of the rig two da ys la te r.


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Dee pwa te r Horizon p la tform s ank comp letely on April 22n d


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The Cause


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The Effect


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Method of clearingon ocean su rfa ce and

underwater


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Atte mp ts to con tro l or st op the s pill

Af te r the acci de n t, BP e ngin ee r s hav e a tte mp ted a numb e r of te chniqu es to con tro l or st op the oil s pill s uc h a s:

Ma y 7 & 8 T he Coff e r dam Con tainm e n t Dom e

Ma y 14 T he Rise r Inse r tion Tub e

Ma y 26 T he Top Ki ll He av y Mud Inje c tion

Jun e 3 (LMRP) Cap Con tainm e n t S yste m.

Jun e 16 Conn e c ting wi th hoses the BOP to the Q4000 .


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Pr e para tion s to de ploy the Coff e r dam from the s upp ly sh ip via a cran e on the Hel ix Q4000 in the Gu lf of Mexico. Ma y 6, 2010


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The Rise r Inse r tion Tub e .- On Ma y 14 , e ngin ee r s be gan the proc ess of po s itioning a 4 inc h (100 mm) wi de rise r inse r tion tub e too l into the 21 inc h (530 mm)wide bur st pip e . Af te r thr ee da ys, BP r e por ted the tub e wa s working. Co llection ra tes vari ed dai ly, the av e rag e be ing 2 ,000 barr els (84 ,000 US ga llon s ) a da y.


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Damag ed rise r cu tting an d r e mova l


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LMRP Con tainm e nt Cap In st a lla tion


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1

1


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Dir e ct Conn e ct with hoses from the BOP to the Q4000 Dri ll Vessel


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Robot

Using remote contro lled robot su bmarine shave been us ed to sea l off the oi l we lla ltogether by activating a ma ss ive devi ce ca lled a b lowo ut preventer.

If the 450- ton va lve at the we llhead can be tu rned on, the oi l f low sho uld sto p , and the sp ill could be ended qu ickly.


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A dvantage s

Fastcolle cting the oil in a dome and ro uting it to the su rfa ce or dri lling one or more re lief we lls, wo uld ta ke wee ks or even severa l month s to exe cu te.

Disadvantage s Ou tcome is far from guaranteed;

Gulf cased:

robot s have never been us ed in an operation of thi smagnit ude nor at thi s de pth some 5,000 ft. be low the su rfa ce of the ocean.


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Ma ss ive Dome

build a ma ss ive dome that could be placed over the oi l lea ks

whi ch are emanating from a p ipe that conne cts the we ll to the su nken rig and actua lly co lle ct the lea king crude


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B oom s

The ve ss e ls are dragging long boom s to corra lthe oi l on the su rfa ce

whi ch is the oi l is s ti ll a thin slick, not yet a thi ck tar


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METHODS OF CLEARING OIL

TRAPPED IN THE SHORE

1. Tarmat break-up and removal

2. Tilling / Raking

3. Spot washing

4. Manual pick-up


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-Tarmat formed when oil and water contact each other

- Some of these tarmats are mobile under conditions of moderate

differential pressure across them.

- The difference in pressure came from the strong waves in ocean and it

brings these tarmat to the shore.

- As an engineer we should aware of the behavior of this tarmat.

- The tarmat is slow to degrade but it can be broken with hand tools.

- The broken tarmats then can be collected as soon as possible so it can no

longer harm the safety of the shore.


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TILLING AND RAKING

Tilling

Rak ing


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- W hen oil is mixed with water then it will come to the shore.

- The oil then mix with the sand and will be hindered by the sand.

- Oil that is trapped under the surface will be exposed by using a rake to

turn over the topsoil.

- Sooner or later the oil can be collected or left for natural degradation.

- Raking or tilling helps in natural degradation

- Since this is a natural degradation, it takes a longer time to complete.

-Another method called BIOREMEDITATION used to enhance the

degradation of oil.


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BIOREMEDIATION

- Bioremediation involves covering the oiled area with "fertilizers" that contain

microorganisms, like bacteria.

- These microorganisms speed the natural degradation processes that is already

at work.

- The more microorganisms at work, the faster the oil will be removed.

- Bioremediation is less disruptive to the environment than other techniques.

- It simply improves on nature's own way of destroying oil.


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S pot Washing


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SPOT WASHING

Use the high pre ssu re wa shing too ls to remove sma ll accu m ulation of oi l.

The runoff water is then colle cted.


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MANUAL PICKUP

H and too ls are us ed to co lle ct and bag oi ly materia ls.

This method im prove s the app earan ce of the bea che s.


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H and Too ls


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E st ima tes of oi l s pilled throug h Jun e 17 th


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E nvironm e nta l Impac t on the Loui s iana Coa st


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E N D

AVM 200610

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Oil Leak at Gulf of Mexico

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