oil palm
in Africa Xavier LACAN (PalmElit), Sylvain RAFFLEGEAU (Cirad), Laurène FEINTRENIE (Cirad)
Fedepalma 2015
10 ideas that
you just need
to know
#1
demography
BILLIONS PEOPLE
United Nations (2015). Probabilistic Population Projections based
on the World Population Prospects: The 2015 Revision.
Population Division, DESA. http://esa.un.org/unpd/ppp/
0,0
1,0
2,0
3,0
4,0
5,0
6,0
2010 2050 2090
ASIA
AFRICA
LAT. AMERICA & C.
EUROPE
NORTH. AMERICA
OCEANIA
MILLIONS PEOPLE
United Nations (2015). Probabilistic Population Projections based
on the World Population Prospects: The 2015 Revision.
Population Division, DESA. http://esa.un.org/unpd/ppp/
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
2010 2050 2090
Nigeria
Congo Kin
Tanzania
Ethiopia
Niger
Uganda
Egypt
Kenya
Angola
Mozambique
Sudan
Madagascar
Zambia
Côte d'Ivoire
Mali
#2 under
nourishment
UNDERNOURISHMENT IN AFRICA
FAO – 2015 – The state of food insecurity in the world
#3
wild groves
TRADITIONAL GROVES AND PLANTATIONS
Niger Delta, Nigeria - One third of African Oil Palm area - traditional
palm groves 1,1 million ha, medium and smallholders plantations
270.000 ha and agro-industrial plantations 110.000 ha. (PIND) 2011
#4
red oil
Africa’s specificity : industrial and small scale mills
Large farm diversity
Gender
#5
family farms
ACTORS
Marzin 2015
SmallholdersAgroindustries
FAMILY FARMS CONTROLLING 80% OF THE AREA
Cirad experts
country 1.000 ha % family farms
FAOSTAT Cirad experts
Nigeria 3 000 80
Ivory coast 270 74
Congo DR 275 84
Cameroon 135 59
Ghana 360 88
Sierra Leone 28
Benin 36
Angola 23
Guinea 310
Liberia 17
Togo 17 Total 4 531 300 80 !
THE 2 TYPES
OF AFRICAN OIL PALM VALUE CHAIN Not available
Partially available
Smallholders
including
family farms
Africa
« Palm grove »
Oil palm
smallholdings
Africa
Family farms
Africa
Traditional extraction
by treading with water
Africa
Artisanal extraction
by small-scale mills
Industrial
Extraction
Mills
Industrial
plantations
Crude palm oil
Palm Kernel oil Agro-industries
Africa
Artisanal red
oil palm
Available statistics
Africa:
Small scale process
Africa:
Palm grove
#6
suitability
oil palm suitability
IIASA http://www.iiasa.ac.at/publication/more_IR-15-006.php
#7
fusarium
Fusarium wilt in Ivory Coast Fusarium wilt in Cameroon Fusarium wilt in Liberia
PLANTING MATERIAL
#8
production
11 COUNTRIES – 99% OF THE PRODUCTION
country 1.000 ha 1.000 T CPO 1.000 T PKO
FAOSTAT FAOSTAT Oil World FAOSTAT Oil World
Nigeria 3 000 960 960 510 117
Ivory coast 270 415 415 43 43
Congo DR 275 300 14 37 3
Cameroon 135 225 225 23 23
Ghana 360 120 410 14 45
Sierra Leone 28 60 60 11
Benin 36 56 56 7 7
Angola 23 50 50 9 9
Guinea 310 50 5
Liberia 17 44 6
Togo 17 9 77 18 14 Total 4 531 300 2 380 108 701 762
2013
#9
trade balance
VEGETABLE OILS : MT AFRICA
Dataset: OECD-FAO Agricultural Outlook 2015-2024
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
1980 2000 2020
CONSUMPTION
IMPORTS
PRODUCTION
EXPORTS
PALM OIL TRADE BALANCE MT AFRICAN COUTRIES
FAOSTAT 2015 – CPO + KPO
-5
-4
-3
-2
-1
0
1
1 970 1 980 1 990 2 000 2 010
-1 400
-1 200
-1 000
-800
-600
-400
-200
0
200
400
2 000 2 005 2 010
Côte d'Ivoire
Angola
Benin
Uganda
Djibouti
Ethiopia
South Africa
Nigeria
-1 400
-1 200
-1 000
-800
-600
-400
-200
0
200
400
2 000 2 005 2 010
Kenya
Tanzania
Egypt
PALM OIL TRADE BALANCE KT AFRICAN COUTRIES
FAOSTAT 2015 – CPO + KPO
#10
large scale
AGRO-INDUSTRY HA 2015 vs ALLOCATED
Claude JANNOT
0 400 000 800 000
Southeast Asian plantation companies
plantation companies established in Africa for a long time
multinationals
energy sector
investment funds
trading companies
CIV 3rd plan
traditio
nal
investo
rs
new
investo
rs
CIV
3rd
pla
n
2015 ha
allocations
AGRO-INDUSTRY HA 2015 vs ALLOCATED
Claude JANNOT
0 200 000 400 000 600 000
Sifca
Socfin
Siat
PalmAfrique
Feronia
CDC
Wilmar International Ltd
Olam
Dekel Oil
Sinar Mas
Siva
Herakles
Wah Seong Corporation Berhad
KLK
Sime Darby Plantation
SARPD Oil
2015 ha
allocations
AGRO-INDUSTRY HA 2015 vs ALLOCATED
Claude JANNOT
0 400000 800000 1200000
Liberia
Côte d'Ivoire
Sierra Leone
Cameroon
Congo
Gabon
Nigeria
Congo DR
Ghana
2015 ha
allocations
RSPO PROCEDURE
EX : Olam Gabon – Feintrenie 2014
(1) the government accepted, in principle, to lease a concession to
Olam
(2) Olam consulted with the communities which would potentially be
affected, assessed the effect the plantation projects would have,
and then signed a Free Prior and Informed Consent (FPIC) in each
village
(3) where FPICs were refused by the local population, the land was
excluded from the concession
(4) Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) were carried
out
(5) High Conservation Value (HCV) zones, where the environmental
impacts of the project would be negative, were excluded from the
concession
conclusion