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Oil Spill Detection by means of DualPolarized SAR...

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Oil Spill Detection by means of Oil Spill Detection by means of Dual-Polarized SAR Data Dual-Polarized SAR Data F.Nunziata, A.Gambardella, M.Migliaccio Università degli Studi di Napoli “Parthenope” Dipartimento per le Tecnologie [email protected]
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Oil Spill Detection by means of Oil Spill Detection by means of 

Dual­Polarized SAR DataDual­Polarized SAR Data

F.Nunziata, A.Gambardella, M.MigliaccioUniversità degli Studi di Napoli “Parthenope”

Dipartimento per le Tecnologie

[email protected]

SummarySummary

  IntroductionIntroduction

  MotivationMotivation

  ModelModel

  ExperimentsExperiments

  ConclusionsConclusions

Sea oil pollution is a matter of great concern

IntroductionIntroduction

SAR oil spill observation, under low to moderate wind conditions, is very attractive

• Day & night observation.

• All­weather capability.

• High spatial resolution.

• Wide area coverage.

• etc.

IntroductionIntroduction

Physically SAR oil spill observation is possible since an oil slick generate a low backscatter area

IntroductionIntroduction

Likely for us there are several dark areas...

MotivationMotivation

• Oil slicks.Oil slicks.• Biogenic slicks.• Low wind areas.• Rain cells.• Currents.• Internal waves. 

•  Dual­polarized SAR data are employedDual­polarized SAR data are employed

MotivationMotivationOil vs biogenic slick

ImagesImages

MeasurementsMeasurements

additional info

OilOLA

SAR polarimetry to assist oil spill detection

MotivationMotivation

Recently this team showed that fully polarimetric information can improve oil spill observation.

Mission Fully Dual SingleRADARSAT­2 x x xALOS PALSAR x x xTERRA­SAR­X x x x

ENVISAT x xCOSMO­SkyMed x x

SShh      hh      SShvhv

SShv      hv      SSvvvv

Dual­polarized SAR Dual­polarized SAR datadata

CPDCPD 

Co­polarized phase difference (CPD)

ModelModel

It is the phase difference between the HH and VV channels.  The CPD pdf is related to the degree of correlation between the HH and VV channels.

CPD for oil spill observation 

ModelModel

•Under low to moderate wind condition and for intermediate incidence angles two reference scenarios must be considered.

SLICK FREESLICK FREE

sea surfacesea surfaceSLICK COVEREDSLICK COVERED

sea surfacesea surface

CPD for oil spill observation: SLICK­FREE sea surface 

ModelModel

•Assuming that the small­scale roughness is well­modelled by the Bragg scattering mechanism:

High HH­VV correlation.

A narrow CPD pdf is to A narrow CPD pdf is to 

be expectedbe expected

CPD for oil spill observation: SLICK­COVERED sea surface 

  ModelModel

Due to their different damping properties, two cases must be considered:

Oil slicksOil slicks Biogenic slicksBiogenic slicks

CPD for oil spill observation: OIL­COVERED  sea surface

ModelModel

An oil slick damps the Bragg resonant waves:

• A non­Bragg scattering occurs.• A low backscattered signal.

• A low polarimetric entropy.

• A low HH­VV correlation.

A broadening of the CPD pdf is expectedA broadening of the CPD pdf is expected

CPD for oil spill observation: BIOGENIC­COVERED  sea surface

ModelModel

Biogenic slick is characterized by weak damping properties:

• A Bragg scattering occurs.• A lower backscatter signals.

• An high HH­VV correlation.

A similar CPD pdf for biogenic­free and biogenic coveredA similar CPD pdf for biogenic­free and biogenic covered

is expectedis expected

CPD for oil spill observation: in a nutshell

ModelModel

Sea & Biogenic

Oil

CPD 

stan

dard

 dev

iatio

nCP

D st

anda

rd d

evia

tion

SIR­C/X­SAR data: Oil slick, p.n. 44327, C­band 

ExperimentsExperiments

EMPHASIS EMPHASIS 

FILTERFILTER

Mean std valueSea 17°Slick 40°

SIR­C/X­SAR data: Oil slick, p.n. 44327, C­band 

ExperimentsExperiments

The oil­covered CPD pdf has been obtained considering  the pixel values above the SIR­C noise floor only.

SIR­C/X­SAR data: OLA slick, p.n. 41370, C­band 

ExperimentsExperiments

DE­EMPHASIS DE­EMPHASIS 

FILTERFILTER

Mean std valueSea 4°Slick 5.1°

SIR­C/X­SAR C­band data set: CPD processing results 

ExperimentsExperiments

p.n. Surfactant11588 OLA 4.5° 3.5°41467 OLA 4.0° 3.6°41370 OLA 5.1° 4.0°11352 OLA 12.3° 10.3°11439 OLA 6.3° 4.7°11586 OLA 5.7° 4.7°41465 OLA 10.4° 8.7°12816 Oil 19.3° 11.2°17041 Oil 60.0° 11.2°44327 Oil 60.0° 11.2°

Mean  slick Mean  sea

ConclusionsConclusions• Partially polarimetric data, once properly modelled, are useful for oil spill observation, under low to moderate wind conditions.

• A model relating the CPD to the sea surface scattering mechanism with and without surface slick has been developed.

• Under low to moderate wind conditions the CPD pdf broadening is sensitive to the presence of a low backscattering area.

• CPD acts as an emphasis filter for oil spills.

• CPD acts as a de­emphasis filter for biogenic films.


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