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OISD-STD-117:2012 FIRE PROTECTION FACILITIES FOR PETROLEUM DEPOTS ,TERMINALS, PIPELINE INSTALLATIONS AND LUBE OIL INSTALLATIONS
OISD-STD-117:2012
FIRE PROTECTION FACILITIES FOR
PETROLEUM DEPOTS ,TERMINALS, PIPELINE INSTALLATIONS AND LUBE
OIL INSTALLATIONS
1.DefinitionsPetroleum Depots & Terminals: A portion of the property, where combustible/flammable liquids are received by tanker, pipelines, tanks wagons, tank trucks and are stored or blended in bulk for the purpose of distribution by tankers, pipelines, tank wagons ,tank trucks, portable tanks or containers. Pipeline Installations: Pipeline installations are those facilities on cross -country pipelines which have pumping and /or delivery station with or without storages.Lube Oil Installations: The facilities meant for receipt, storage and blending of base oils & additives into finished Lube products. It includes lube blending plants, grease manufacturing plants & small can filling plants
DefinitionsAviation Fuelling Stations: The facilities where ATF is received by tanks wagons, tank trucks & pipeline and stored in bulk for dispatch of product by pipeline. It also includes storage of methanol and other additives in drums.Hazardous Area: Petroleum having flash point below 65º C or any flammable gas or vapor in a concentration capable of ignition is likely to be present.Petroleum having flash point above 65ºC is likely to be refined blended or stored at above its flash point.
2.Petroleum Classification•Petroleum Class A: means petroleum having a
flash point below 23ºC•Petroleum Class B: means petroleum having a
flash point of 23ºC and above but below 65ºC.•Petroleum Class C: means petroleum having
flash point of 65ºC and above but below 93ºC•Excluded Petroleum : means petroleum
having flash point above 93ºC and above.
3.Fire Protection• Fire Water System• Foam System• Clean Agent Protection System• First Aid Fire Fighting Equipment• Mobile Fire Fighting Equipment• Carbon Dioxide System• Dry Chemical Extinguishing System• Portable Fire Fighting Equipment
4.Design Criteria• The fire water system shall be provided based on
single largest fire contingency for all locations where total tankage in the terminal is up to 30,000 KL.
• The fire water system shall be provided based on two largest fire contingencies simultaneously for all locations where total tankage in the terminal is more than 30,000KL.
• Class A petroleum ground tanks shall have fixed water spray system however installations above 1000 KL storage fulfilling the following both conditions are exempted from the provision of fixed water spray system.
I. Aggregate above ground storage of Class A & B petroleum up to 5000 KL
II. Floating roof tank storing Class A petroleum having diameter up to 9 m.
• Class 'B' above ground Petroleum storage tanks (fixed roof or floating roof) of diameter larger than 30 m shall be provided with fixed water spray system.
• Fixed foam system or Semi-fixed foam system shall be provided on tanks (floating roof or fixed roof) exceeding 18 m diameter storing Class A or Class B petroleum.
• Automatic actuated Rim Seal fire detection and extinguishing system shall be provided on all existing tank storing Class A Petroleum products.
• Clean Agent (Halon substitute) based flooding system should be provided for control rooms, computer rooms/ repeater station and pressurized rooms in major locations having automated pipeline receipt and dispatch.
4.1.1Design Flow Rate• Water flow rate of 3 lpm/m² for cooling tank on fire.• Water flow calculated for exposure protection for all
other tanks falling within a radius of (R+30) m from center of the tank on fire (R-Radius of tank on fire) and situated in the same dyke at a rate of 3 lpm/m² of tank shell area.
• Water flow calculated for exposure protection for all other tanks falling outside a radius of (R+30) m from center of the tank on fire and situated in the same dyke at a rate of 1lpm/m² of tank shell area.
• Various combinations shall be considered in the tank farm for arriving at different fire water flow rate and the largest rate to be considered for design
I. Fire water flow for pump house shed at cross country pipeline installations shall be at a rate of 10.2 lpm/m².
II. Fire water flow rate for TW loading gantry and product pump house in a depot or terminal shall be calculated at a rate of @ 10.2 lpm/m².
III. For Pump of volatile product/s located under pipe rack fire water flow rate shall be calculated at a rate of 20.4 lpm/ m².
IV. Fire water flow rate for supplementary streams shall be based on using 4 single hydrant outlets. Capacity of each hydrant outlet as 36 m3/hr shall be considered at a pressure of 7kg/cm² (g).
4.1.2 Storage• The effective capacity of the reservoir/tank shall be
minimum 4 hours of the aggregate rated capacity of pumps.
• For all locations with total storage capacity upto 30,000KL, wherever reliable water replenishment @ 50% or more is available, the fire water storage capacity can be reduced to 3 hours of the aggregate rated capacity of pumps.
• For all locations with total storage capacity more than 30,000KL, wherever reliable water replenishment @ 50% or more is available, the single largest fire contingency shall be considered for Fire water storage.
4.1.3 Fire Water Pumps• The pumps shall be capable of discharging 150% of its
rated discharge.• At least one standby fire water pump shall be provided
up to 2 nos. of main pumps. For main pumps upto 3 and above, minimum 2 standby pumps of the same type, capacity & head as the main pumps shall be provided.
• The fire water pump(s) including the standby pump(s) shall be of diesel engine driven type. where electric supply is reliable, 50% of the pumps can be electric driven.
• Fire water pumps & storage shall be located far away from the potential leak sources / tankage are and shall be at least 30 m (minimum) away from equipment or where hydrocarbons are handled or stored
• A standby jockey pump of similar type capacity and head shall be provided. The capacity of jockey pumps shall be 5% minimum and maximum 10% of the design fire water rate
4.1.4 Fire Water Network• The fire water network steel piping should
normally be laid above ground at a height of at least 300 mm.
• The fire water main ring shall have at least 1 m earth cushion in open ground, 1.5 m cushion under the road crossings.
• The mains shall be supported at regular intervals not exceeding 6 m. For pipeline size less than 150 mm, support interval shall not exceed 3 m.
• Fire water ring main shall be sized for 120% of the design water flow rate.
4.1.5 Hydrants & Monitors• At least one hydrant post shall be provided for every
30 m of external wall measurement or perimeter of battery limit in case of high hazard areas, For non-hazardous area, they shall be spaced at 45 m intervals
• Hydrants shall be located at a minimum distance of 15 m from the periphery of storage tank.
• Double headed hydrants with two separate landing valves or monitor shall be used.
• All hydrant outlets/monitor isolation valves shall be situated at workable height of 1.2 meter
• Monitors shall not be installed within 15 m of hazardous equipment.
• The location of the monitors shall not exceed 45 m from the hazard to be protected.
• For marketing terminals & Petroleum Depots, the remote operated high volume long range water cum foam monitors (Capacity 500/750/1000 GPM and above ) to fight tank fires shall be provided.
• High volume long range monitors shall be located at distance of 15m to 45 m from the hazardous equipment.
• Minimum two nos. of fixed type HVLR monitors shall be installed for each tank farm containing storage tanks of Class A products having aggregate storage capacity up to 10,000 KL
• In tank farm having aggregate storage capacity more than 10,000 KL of Class A product, additional monitor/s should be provided to meet foam application rate of 8.1 LPM/m².
• Minimum one no. trolley mounted mobile type water cum foam HVLR monitor shall be placed for covering the tank farms storing Class B/C products.
• Numbers & Capacity of monitor shall be provided in such a way that the foam application rate from the monitor meets requirement of foam application rate (8.1 LPM/m²) for full surface tank fire.
• Hydrants and monitors shall not be installed inside the dyke areas.
4.1.6 Material SpecificationsPipes• Carbon Steel as per IS: 3589/IS: 1239/IS: 1978• In case saline, blackish or treated effluent water
is used, the fire water ring main of steel pipes, internally cement mortar lines or glass reinforced epoxy coated or pipes made of material suitable for the quality of water shall be used.
Isolation Valves• Gate or butterfly type isolation valves made of
Cast Steel having open/close indication shall be used. Other materials such as cupro-nickel for saline/blackish water can be used.
Hydrants• Stand post - Carbon Steel• Outlet valves - Gunmetal/ Aluminum/ Stainless/
Steel/Al-Zn AlloyFire Hoses• Reinforced Rubber Lined Hose as per IS 636 (Type
A)/Non-percolating Synthetic Hose.• Fire water mains, hydrant & monitor stand posts,
risers of water spray system shall be painted with “Fire Red” paint as per of IS: 5.
• Hose boxes, water monitors and hydrant outlets shall be painted with “Luminous Yellow” paint as per IS: 5.
• Corrosion resistant paint shall be used in corrosion prone areas.
4.1.7 Fixed Water Spray System• Fixed water spray system is a fixed pipe system
connected to a reliable source of water supply and equipped with water spray nozzles for specific water discharge and distribution over the surface of area to be protected.
• Spray nozzles shall be directed radially to the tank at a distance not exceeding 0.6 m from the tank surface.
4.2 Foam System• Foams are classified according to IS: 4989 2006• This system consists of an adequate water
supply, supply of foam concentrate, suitable proportioning equipment, a proper piping system, foam makers and discharge devices designed to adequately distribute the foam over the hazard.
• There are three types of systems:-• i) Fixed• ii) Semi-Fixed• iii) Mobile
4.2.1Floating Roof Tank Protection• Foam shall be poured at the foam dam to blanket
the roofs• Foam shall be applied to the burning hazard
continuously at a rate high enough to overcome the destructive effects of radiant heat.
• A minimum of two foam pourers shall be provided.
• Foam makers/foam pourers shall be located not more than 24 M apart on the shell perimeter based on 600 mm foam dam height.
4.2.2 Fixed Roof Tank Protection• The vapor seal chamber shall be provided with
an effective and durable seal, fragile under low pressure, to prevent entrance of vapor into the foam conveying piping system.
• Where two or more pourers are required these shall be equally spaced at the periphery of the tank and each discharge outlet shall be sized to deliver foam at approximately the same rate.
• Tanks should be provided with foam discharge outlets/pourers as:-
Fixed Roof Tank ProtectionTank Diameter (m) Foam Pourer (minimum no.)
Above 18 & up to 20 2
Above 20 & up to 25 3
Above 25 & up to 30 4
Above 30 & up to 35 5
Above 35 & up to 40 6
Above 40 & up to 45 8
Above 45 & up to 50 10
4.2.3Protection for Dyke Area• Portable monitors/foam hose streams shall be
provided for fighting fires in dyke area and spills.Class A tanks:• 2 nos. Fixed type foam generators for each tank
dykeClass B tanks:• Two nos. portable foam generator for each
location
4.2.4 Foam Application Rate• For cone roof tanks, the foam solution delivery
rate shall be at least 5 lpm/m2 of liquid surface area of the tank to be protected.
• For floating roof tanks containing liquid hydrocarbons foam solution delivery rate shall be at least 12 lpm/ m2.
4.2.5 Foam Quantity Requirement• Foam solution application at the rate of 5 lpm/
m²for the liquid surface of the single largest cone roof tank or at the rate of 12 lpm/ m² of seal area of the single largest floating roof tank whichever is higher.Size of Terminal (In
KL)Water/FoamMonitor(Number)
For installation having Aggregate capacity of 1000KL
Nil.
For Installation having aggregate capacity above 1000KL & upto 10,000 KL
Minimum 2Numbers
For Installation having aggregate capacity more than 10,000 KL
More than 2Numbers
4.3 First Aid Fire Fighting Equipment
For Pipeline Installations
4.4 Hoses, Nozzles & Accessories
(i) Hoses• Reinforced rubber lined canvas or Non-percolating
synthetic fire hoses conforming to IS- 636/UL 19 (Type A or B) shall be provided.
• The length and diameter of the hoses shall be 15 m and 63 mm respectively fitted with instantaneous type male & female couplings of material as specified in IS 636/UL 19.
• The number of hoses stored in an oil installation shall be 30% of the number of hydrant outlets. The minimum No. of hoses stored, however, shall not be less than 10.
(ii) Nozzles• In addition to the jet nozzle provided in each hose
box, there shall be at least two nozzles in each category viz. Jet nozzle with branch pipe, Fog nozzle, Universal nozzle, Foam branch pipe and Water curtain nozzle as per relevant IS/UL Codes maintained at the location.
(iii) Accessories• The following minimum no. of Personal Protective
Equipment, First Aid Equipment & Safety Instrument shall be provided as indicated against each item.
Sand drum with scoop: 4 Nos.Safety helmet: 1 No. per person.
Stretcher with blanket: 2 Nos.First Aid box: 1 No.Rubber hand glove: 2 Pairs.Explosimeter : 1 No.Fire proximity suit: 1 Suit.Resuscitator: 1 No.Electrical siren (3 Km range): 1 No.Hand operated siren: One each at strategic locations such as
Admn Bldg, Laboratory, T/LLoading/Unloading Facility, T/W Loading/Unloading Facility,
Tank Farm, FW Pump House &Product Pump House (s).Water jel blanket: 1 No.Red & Green flag for fire drill: 2 Nos. in each color.SCBA Set (30 minute capacity): 1 set with spare cylinder.PA system - 1 No.Hose box: Between two hydrant points.Fire hose: 2 Nos. per hose box.Jet nozzle: 1 No. in each hose box.
5. Fire Alarm System
• Hand operated sirens shall be provided at strategic locations and clearly marked in the installation.
• Electric fire siren shall be installed at suitable location with operating switch located near the risk area at a safe, identifiable and easily accessible place.
• The following fire siren codes should be followed for different emergency situations.
• FIRE: For fire situation, the siren shall be wailing sound for 2 minutes.
• DISASTER: For disaster situation, the siren shall be wailing sound for 2 minutes repeated thrice with a gap of 10 seconds.
• ALL CLEAR: For all clear situation, the siren shall be straight run sound for 2 minutes.
• TEST SIREN: For testing, the siren shall be straight run sound for 2 minutes.
6.Inspection and TestingFire Water Pumps:• Every pump shall be test run for at least half an
hour twice a week at the rated head & flow.• Each pump shall be checked, tested and its shut-
off pressure observed once in a month.• Each pump shall be checked & tested for its
performance once in six month by opening required nos. of hydrants/monitors depending on the capacity of the pump.
• The testing of standby jockey pump, if provided shall be checked weekly.
Fire Water Ring Mains:• The ring main shall be checked for leaks once in a
year by operating one or more pumps & keeping the hydrant points closed to get the maximum pressure.
• All valves on the ring mains, hydrants, monitors & water spray headers shall be checked for leaks, smooth operation and lubricated once in a month.
Fire Water Spray System:• Water spray system shall be tested for
performance i.e. its effectiveness & coverage once in six months.
• Spray nozzles shall be inspected for proper orientation, corrosion and cleaned, if necessary at least once a year.
Fixed/Semi Fixed Foam System:• Fixed/Semi fixed foam system on storage tanks
should be tested once in six months.Hoses:• Fire hoses shall be hydraulically tested once in six
months to a water pressure as specified in relevant IS/UL/Equivalent codes.
Fire Water Tank/Reservoir:• Above ground fire water tanks should be
inspected externally & internally as per OISDSTD-129.
• The water reservoir shall be emptied out & cleaned once in 3 years. However, floating leaves, material or algae, if any shall be removed once in 6 months or as & when required.
Fire Extinguishers:• Inspection, testing frequency and procedure
should be in line with OISD-STD-142.
SAMPLE CALCULATION OF FIRE WATER FLOW RATE
1. DESIGN BASIS
• The fire water system in an installation shall be designed to meet:
i) The fire water flow requirement of fighting single largest fire contingencies for locations where total aggregated storage capacity in the location is upto 30,000KLii) The fire water flow requirement of fighting two largest fire contingencies simultaneously for all locations where total aggregated storage capacity in the terminal is more than 30,000 KL
FIRE WATER FLOW RATE FOR FLOATING ROOF TANK PROTECTION
• Data• Total storage capacity in one dyke area = 20,000
m³.• No. of tanks = 2.• Capacity of each tank = 10,000 m³.• Diameter of each tank = 30 m.• Height of each tank = 14.4 m.a) Cooling water flow rate(i) Cooling water required for tank on fire• Cooling water rate = 3 lpm/m²of tank area for
tank on fire
• Cooling water required = π x 30 m x 14.4 m x 3 lpm/m².
= 4073.1 lpm.= 4073.1 x 60 m³/hr = 244 m³/hr. 1000• Assuming that second tank is also located within the
same tank dyke at a distance more than 30 m from the tanks shell. Therefore, in such case cooling required is at the rate of 1 lpm/m² of tank shell area.
(ii) Cooling water required for tank falling beyond (R+30) from center of tank on fire• Cooling water rate = 1 lpm/m² of tank area• Cooling water required = π x 30 m x 14.4 m x1lpm/m².= 1357.7 lpm.= 1357.7 x 60 m³/hr = 81 m³/ hr 1000
• Total Water required for cooling of tanks (item i + ii) = 244+81 = 325 m³/ hr
b) Foam water flow rate• Water flow required for applying foam on a largest
tank burning surface area (rim seal area)• For floating roof tank of 30 M diameter,• Diameter of the tank (D1) = 30M• Distance of foam dam from shell = 0.8M• Diameter of roof up to foam dam (D2) = 30 -
(2X0.8) = 28.4• Rim seal area = (π /4) x (30-²28.4²)• = (π /4) x 93.44• = 73.4 m²• Foam solution rate @ 12 lpm/ m² = 880.8 lpm• Foam water required = 0.97 x 880.8 lpm• (For 3% foam concentrate) = 854.4 lpm.
= 854.4 x 60 m³/hr =51 m³/hr 1000• Total water flow rate (item a + item b) for
floating roof tank protection:i) Tank cooling = 325 m³/hr.ii) Foam solution application = 51 m³/hr.• Total (item i + ii) = 376 m³/hr.
FIRE WATER FLOW RATE FOR CONE ROOF TANK PROTECTION
• Data• Total storage capacity in one dyke area = 10,000 m³.• No. of tanks = 2• Capacity of each tank = 5000 m³.• Diameter of each tank = 24 m.• Height of each tank = 12 m.a) Cooling water flow rate(i) Cooling water required for tank on fire• Cooling water rate = 3 lpm/m² of tank area for tank
on fire.• Cooling water required = π x 24 m x 12 m x 3 lpm/m².• = 2715.4 lpm.
• 2715.4 x 60 m³/hr =163 m³/ hr 1000• Assuming that other tank is also located within the
same tank dyke at a distance less than 30 m from the tanks shell. Therefore, in such case cooling required is at the rate of 3 lpm/m²of tank shell area.
(ii) Cooling water required for tank falling within (R+30) from centre of tank on fire• Cooling water rate = 3 lpm/m² of tank area.• Cooling water required = π x 24 m x 12 m x 3
lpm/m²• = 2715.4 lpm.• = 2715.4 x 60 m³/hr = 163 m³/ hr 1000• Total cooling water required = 163 + 163 =
326 m³/hr. (item i+ ii)
• b) Foam water flow rate• Foam solution application rate = 5 lpm/m² of
liquid surface area.• Foam solution required = π x (24 m)² x 5 lpm/m². 4 =2262.9 lpm.• Foam water required = 0.97 x 2262.9 lpm = 2195
lpm.• (For 3% foam concentrate) = 2195 x 60 m³/hr 1000= 132 m³/hr.• Total water flow rate (item a + b) for cone
roof tank protection:(a)Tank cooling = 326 m³/hr.(b)Foam solution application = 132 m³/hr.• Total = 458 m³/hr.
FIRE WATER FLOW RATE FOR COOLING POL TANK WAGON LOADING GANTRY
a) Data• Total No. of loading points = Conventional or BTPN.• Width of tank wagon gantry = 12 m.• (Cooling two spur)b) Cooling water flow rate• Divide total area of gantry into equal segments such
that each segment measuring• 15 m X 12 m and consider 3 segments operating at a
time.• Water rate required = 3 x 15 m x 12 m x 10.2
lpm/m².• = 5508 lpm• = 330 m³/hr
Fire water calculation for full surface fire on largest floating roof tank
• Data:• Total storage capacity in one dyke area = 20000
m³• No. of tanks = 2• Capacity of each tank = 10,000 m³• Diameter of each tank = 30 m• Height of each tank = 14.4 ma) Cooling water requirement:• Cooling water rate @ 3 lpm/ m²of tank shell area
for tank-on-fire• Cooling water required = π x 30 x 14.4 x 3• = 4073.1 lpm• = 244 m³/hr
• Assuming that second tank is located within the tank dyke at a distance more than 30M from the tank shell.
• Then, cooling water requirement @ 1 lpm/ m2of tank shell area = π x 30 x14.4 x 1
• = 1357.7 lpm• = 81 m³/hr.• Total cooling water = (244 + 81) m³/hr• = 325 m³/hr• b) Water requirement in foam application• Foam Application Rate@ 8.1 lpm/m²• Foam Solution Requirement = (π x 30m x 30m) / 4 x 8.1
lpm/m²• = 5727.9 lpm• = 344 m³/hr• Water required for the foam solution = 0.97 x 344 m³/hr• = 334 m³/hr
• Total water required for roof sink case:• Tank cooling 325 m³/hr• Foam application 334 m³/hr• Total 659 m³/hr• Total water requirement = 659 m³/hr
TOTAL DESIGN FIRE WATER FLOW RATE FOR SINGLE FIRE CONTEGENCY
• The total fire water flow requirement will be highest of one of the fire water requirement calculated in 1 (376 m³/hr) & 2. (458 m³/hr), 3. (330 m³/hr) and 4 (659 m³/hr) above i.e. 659m3/hr plus supplementary water (36 x 4 = 144 m³/hr) = 803 m³/hr.
• WATER STORAGE REQUIREMENT• Case 1: When make-up water is not available:• Let us assume two main pumps of capacity 410 m³/hr
each and one stand-by pump of equal capacity and equal head are provided.
• Water requirement is 410 x 2 = 820 m³/hr• Design flow rate (Fire water pump discharge) = 820
m³/hr• Fire water storage required (4 hrs) = 820 x 4• = 3280 m³
• Case-2: When 50% or more make up water is available
• Fire water storage requirement (3 hrs) = 820 x 3
• = 2460 m³
FIRE WATER DEMAND FOR TWO MAJOR FIRES SIMULTANEOUSLY
• FIRE WATER FLOW RATE FOR FLOATING ROOF TANK PROTECTION
• Data• Total storage capacity in one dyke area = 32,000 m³.• No. of tanks = 2.• Capacity of each tank = 16,000 m³.• Diameter of each tank = 40 m.• Height of each tank = 14.4 m.a) Cooling water flow rate(i) Cooling water required for tank on fire• Cooling water rate = 3 lpm/m² of tank area for tank on fire.• Cooling water required = π x 40 m x 14.4 m x 3 lpm/m².• = 5430.8 lpm.• = 5430.8 x 60 m³/hr =326 m³/hr
• Assuming that second tank is also located within the same tank dyke at a distance more than 30 m from the tanks shell. Therefore, in such case cooling required is at the rate of 1 lpm/m² of tank shell area.
(ii) Cooling water required for tank falling beyond (R+30) from centre of tank on fire• Cooling water rate = 1 lpm/m² of tank area.• Cooling water required = π x 40 m x 14.4 m x 1
lpm/m2.• = 1810.3 lpm.• = 1810.3 x 60 m³/hr =109 m³/hr. 1000• Total fire water requirement for cooling of
tanks (item i + ii) = 326 + 109• = 435 m³/ hr
• b) Foam water flow rate• Water flow required for applying foam on a
largest tank burning surface area (rim seal area)• For floating roof tank of 40 M diameter,• Diameter of the tank (D1) = 40M• Distance of foam dam from shell = 0.8M• Diameter of roof up to foam dam (D2) = 40 -
(2X0.8) = 38.4• Rim seal area = (π /4) x (40²-38.4²)• = (π /4) x 125.44• = 98.6 m²• Foam solution rate @ 12 lpm/ m² = 1183.2 lpm• Foam water required = 0.97 x 1183.2 lpm• (For 3% foam concentrate) = 1147.7 lpm.
• = 1147.7 x 60 m³/hr =69 m³/hr. 1000• Total water flow rate (item a + b) for
floating roof tank protection• Tank cooling = 435 m³/hr.• Foam solution application = 69 m³/hr.• Total water requirement = 504 m³/hr.
FIRE WATER FLOW RATE FOR CONE ROOF TANK PROTECTION
• Data• Total storage capacity in one dyke area = 50,000 m³.• No. of tanks = 4.• Capacity of each tank = 12,500 m³.• Diameter of each tank = 37.5 m.• Height of each tank = 12 m.a) Cooling water flow rate(i) Cooling water required for tank on fire• Cooling water rate = 3 lpm/m² of tank area for tank on
fire.• Cooling water required = π x 37.5 m x 12 m x 3 lpm/m².• = 4242.8 lpm.• = 4242.8 x 60 m³/hr = 255 m³/hr. 1000
• Assuming that other three tanks are also located within the same tank dyke at a distance less than 30 m from the tanks shell. Therefore, in such case cooling required is at the rate of 3 lpm/m² of tank shell area.
(ii) Cooling water required for tanks falling within (R+30) from centre of tank on fire• Cooling water rate = 3 lpm/m2 of tank area.• Cooling water required = π x 37.5 m x 12 m x 3
lpm/m² x 3• = 12728.6 lpm.• = 12728.6 x 60 m³/hr = 764 m³/hr. 1000• Total cooling water required (item i + ii) for cone
roof tank protection:• = (255+764) m³/hr• = 1019 m³/hr
• b) Foam water flow rate• Foam solution application rate = 5 lpm/m² of
liquid surface area.• Foam solution required = π x (18.75 m)² x 5
lpm/m².• = 5524.5 lpm.• Foam water required = 0.97 x 5524.5 lpm =
5358.7 lpm.• (For 3% foam concentrate) = 5358.7 x 60 m³/hr 1000Total Foam water required = 322 m³/hr• Total water flow rate (item a + b) for cone
roof tank protection• Tank cooling = 1019 m³/hr.• Foam solution application = 322 m³/hr.• Total = 1341 m³/hr..
FIRE WATER FLOW RATE FOR COOLING POL TANK WAGON LOADING GANTRY
a) Data• Total No. of loading points = Conventional or
BTPN.• Width of tank wagon gantry = 12 m.• (Cooling two spur)b) Cooling water flow rate• Divide total area of gantry into equal segments
such that each segment measuring 15 m X 12 m and consider 3 segments operating at a time.
• Water rate required = 3 x 15 m x 12 m x 10.2 lpm/m².
• = 5508• = 330 m³/hr
Fire water calculation for full surface fire on largest floating roof tank (roof sinking case)• Data:• Total storage capacity in one dyke area = 32,000 m³• No. of tanks = 2• Capacity of each tank = 16,000 m³• Diameter of each tank = 40 m• Height of each tank = 14.4 ma) Cooling water requirement:• Cooling water rate @ 3 lpm/ m²of tank shell area for
tank-on-fire• Cooling water required = π x 40 x 14.4 x 3• = 5430.9 lpm• = 326 m³/hr
• Assuming that second tank is located within the tank dyke at a distance more than 30M from the tank shell.
• Then, cooling water requirement @ 1 lpm/ m²of tank shell area = π x 40 x14.4 x 1
• = 1810.3 lpm• = 109 m³/hr.• Total cooling water = (326 + 109) m³/hr• = 435 m3/hr• b) Water requirement in foam application• Foam Application Rate@ 8.1 lpm/m²• Foam Solution Requirement = (π x 40m x 40m) / 4 x
8.1 lpm/m²• = 10182.9 lpm• = 610.9 m³/hr• Water required for the foam solution = 0.97 x 610.9
m³/hr• = 593 m³/hr
• Total water required for roof sink case:• Tank cooling 435 ³/hr• Foam application 593 m³/hr• Total water requirement = 1028 m³/hr• TOTAL DESIGN FIRE WATER FLOW RATE FOR
TWO SIMULTANEOUS FIRE SCENARIO• The total fire water flow requirement will be sum of the
two largest fire water requirement 1. (504 m³/hr) & 2 (1341 m³/hr), 3 (330 m³/hr) above i.e. (1341+504) =
• 1845 m3/hr plus supplementary water (36 x 4 = 144 m³/hr) = 1989 m³/hr.
• OR water requirement alone as calculated i.e. 1028 m³/hr plus supplementary water (36 x 4 = 144 m³/hr) = 1172 m³/hr
• Hence water requirement for double contingency locations shall be 1989 m³/hr
• WATER STORAGE REQUIREMENT• Case 1: When make up water is not available:• Let us assume three main pumps of capacity 750
m³/hr each and two stand-by pump of equal capacity and equal head are provided.
• Water requirement is 750 x 3 = 2250 m³/hr• Design flow rate (Fire water pump discharge) =
2250 m³/hr• Fire water storage required (4 hrs) = 2250 x 4• = 9000 m³• Case-2: When 50% or more make up water is
available (consider single largest fire• plus supplementary firing)• Fire water storage requirement (3 hrs) =
(1341+144) x 3 = 1485 x 3• = 4455 m³
FIRE WATER FLOW RATE FOR COOLING POL TANK WAGON LOADING GANTRY
a) Data• Total No. of loading points = Conventional or
BTPN.• Width of tank wagon gantry = 12 m.• (Cooling two spur)b) Cooling water flow rate• Divide total area of gantry into equal segments
such that each segment measuring 15 m X 12 m and consider 3 segments operating at a time
• Water rate required = 3 x 15 m x 12 m x 10.2 lpm/m2.
• = 5508 lpm• = 330 m³/hr
a) Water Requirement for supplementary Hose:• Water for 4 single hydrant streams = 4 x 36 =
144 m³/hr.• Total water requirement = 144 m³ / hr.• Total water flow rate for gantry protection• (a) Gantry cooling = 330 m³/hr.• (b) Supplementary hose requirement =
144m³/ hr• Total = 474m³/hr.
SAMPLE CALCULATION OF FOAM COMPOUND REQUIREMENT FOR A DEPOT/ TERMINAL
• FOAM COMPOUND CALCULATION FOR SINGLE FIRE CONTIGENCY
• Tank Data• Total storage capacity in one dyke area = 20,000 m³.• No. of tanks = 2.• Capacity of each tank = 10,000 m³.• Diameter of each tank = 30 m.• Height of each tank = 14.4 m.• Foam compound requirement for tank• Foam solution application rate = 12 lpm/m² of rim seal area of tank.• Foam dam height = 800 mm.• Diameter of the tank (D1) = 30M• Distance of foam dam from shell = 0.8M• Diameter of roof up to foam dam (D2) = 30- (2X0.8) = 28.4• Rim seal area = (π /4) x (30²-28.4²)• = (π /4) x 250.2 = 73.4 m²
• Foam solution rate @ 12 lpm/ m² = 880.8 lpm• 3% Foam Compound required = 26.4 lpm• Foam Compound required for 65 mins. = (26.4 x 65) litres =
1,716 litresFoam compound calculation for single largest cone roof tank in a dyke.• Tank Data• Total storage capacity in one dyke area = 10,000 m³.• No. of tanks = 2• Capacity of each tank = 5,000 m³.• Diameter of each tank = 24 m.• Height of each tank = 12 m.• Foam compound requirement for tank• Foam solution application rate = 5 lpm/m2 of liquid surface area
of tank.• Foam solution required = (π x (12)2 x 5) lpm = 2262.9 lpm• Foam compound required (3%) = 0.03 x 2262.9 lpm = 67.9 lpm.• Foam compound required for 65 minutes = 65 minutes x 67.9 lpm
= 4,414 litres
• FOAM COMPOUND CALCULATION FOR FLOATING TANK ROOF SINKING SCENARIO
• Capacity of Tank = 10,000 m³• Diameter of each tank = 30 m.• Height of each tank = 14.4 m.• Foam solution requirement = ((π /4) x (302) x 8.1)
lpm• = 5728 lpm (1500 GPM approx.)• Nos. of HVLRs (assuming 750 GPM) = 750 GPM
X 2 Nos.• Foam compound required (3%) = 0.03 x 5728 lpm
= 171.84 lpm.• Foam compound required for 65 minutes = 65
minutes x 171.84 lpm = 11,170 litres.
• FOAM COMPOUND CALCULATION FOR TWO HOSE STREAMS OF FOAM EACH WITH A CAPACITY OF 1140 LPM.
• Foam compound requirement for two foam hose streams of 1140 lpm capacity
• Foam solution required = 2 x1140 lpm.• Foam compound required (3%) = 0.03 x 2280 lpm
= 68.4 lpm.• Foam compound required for 65 minutes = 65
minutes x 68.4 lpm = 4,446 litres.
• AGGREGATE QUANTITY OF FOAM COMPOUND FOR SINGLE FIRE CONTIGENCY
• The aggregate quantity of foam solution shall be largest of the foam requirements calculated in 1 (1,716 litres), 2 (4,414 litres), 3 (11,170 litres), 4. (4,446 litres) i.e.
• 11,170 litres• Therefore, foam compound to be stored =
11,170 litres
FOAM COMPOUND CALCULATION FOR TWO MAJOR FIRES SIMULTANEOUSLY
• Foam compound calculation for single largest floating roof tank in a dyke.
• Tank Data• Total storage capacity in one dyke area = 32,000 m³.• No. of tanks = 2.• Capacity of each tank = 16,000 m³.• Diameter of each tank = 40 m.• Height of each tank = 14.4 m.• Foam compound requirement for tank• Foam solution application rate = 12 lpm/m² of rim seal area of
tank.• Foam dam height = 800 mm.• Diameter of the tank (D1) = 40 m• Distance of foam dam from shell = 0.8 m• Diameter of roof up to foam dam (D2) = 40 - (2X0.8) = 38.4 m• Rim seal area = (π /4) x (40²-38.4²)• = 98.6 m²
• Foam solution rate @ 12 lpm/ m2 = 1183.2 lpm• 3% Foam Compound required = 35.5 lpm• Foam Compound required for 65 mins. = 2308 litres• Foam compound calculation for single largest cone roof
tank in a dyke.• Tank Data• Total storage capacity in one dyke area = 50,000 m³.• No. of tanks = 4.• Capacity of each tank = 12,500 m³• Diameter of each tank = 37.5 m.• Height of each tank = 12 m.• Foam compound requirement for tank• Foam solution application rate = 5 lpm/m2 of liquid surface
area of tank.• Foam solution required = (π x (18.75)2 x 5) lpm = 5524.6• Foam compound required (3%) = 0.03 x 5524.6 lpm = 165.7
lpm.• Foam compound required for 65 minutes = 65 minutes x165.7
lpm = 10,771 litres.
• In case of double fire, foam will be required to pour in both tanks simultaneously.
• Foam compound requirement for 65 minutes = (2308 + 10,771) litres = 13,079 litres.
FOAM COMPOUND CALCULATION FOR ROOF SINKING SCENARIO
• Foam application rate of 8.1 lpm/m²• Data:• Total storage capacity in one dyke area = 32,000 m³.• No. of tanks = 2.• Capacity of each tank = 16,000 m³.• Diameter of each tank = 40 m.• Height of each tank = 14.4 m.• Foam solution requirement = ((π /4) x (40²) x 8.1) lpm• = 10183 lpm (2690 GPM)• Nos. of HVLRs (assuming 1000 GPM) = 1000 GPM X 3
Nos.• Foam compound required (3%) = (10183 x 0.03) lpm• = 305.5 lpm• Foam compound required for 65 minutes = 65 minutes x
305.5 lpm = 19858 litres.
• FOAM COMPOUND CALCULATION FOR TWO HOSE STREAMS OF FOAM EACH WITH A CAPACITY OF 1140 LPM.
• Foam compound requirement for two foam hose streams of 1140 lpm capacity
• Foam solution required = 2 x1140 lpm.• Foam compound required (3%) = 0.03 x 2280 lpm = 68.4
lpm.• Foam compound required for 65 minutes = 65 minutes x
68.4 lpm = 4446 litres.• AGGREGATE QUANTITY OF FOAM COMPOUND FOR
TWO FIRES SIMULTANEOUSLY• The aggregate quantity of foam solution shall be largest of
the foam requirements calculated in 1 (13,079 litres), 2.(20,000 litres) or 3. (4,446 litres) i.e. 20,000 litres
• Therefore, foam compound to be stored = 20,000 litres
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