OJT2 Vertical (Orchard Residences)

8/10/2019 OJT2 Vertical (Orchard Residences)

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GOLDEN FORTUNE TECHNO-BUILT INC. 1

MAPUA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGYSchool of Civil Environment and Geological Engineering

2ndQuarter SY 2014-2015

PRACTICUM REPORT

The Orchard Residences

Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements

of the course in CE 200R (CE Practicum 2) by:

GROUP 2, SECTION B1

Abustan, Rosalyn V.

Biglete, Daniel Fernando P.Casalla, Lincoll A.

Edades, Isabelo P.

Pineda, Bernadette B.

To

Professor RAUL C. ASIS

November 15, 2014


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BRIEF DESCRIPTION

OF THE PROJECT


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Brief description of the project

The Orchard Residences is a 46-storey twin tower condominium and 1 parking podium

that is used for commercial and residential space. It is located at Masangkay Street in Tondo,

Manila. Also, it is located besides Metropolitan Hospital and Wharton Park Suites. The Orchard

Residence is the most prominent and distinguished residence in Masangkay. This project is

planned to have a quality, elegance, and comfort meet practical design and value. It is a Fareast

Property Development Corporations project that was contracted by Golden Fortune Techno-

Built Incorporation as the projects general contractor.

The duration of the project is started at December 9, 2013 and is estimated to be finished

in 46 months. Thus the total project duration is from 2013 to 2017.

The Orchard Residences have a comfortable Studio, 1-Bedroom Flex, and 2-Bedroom

units to choose for. Each unit size ranges from 20 m2

to 50 m2. It also have thoughtful amenities

and facilities such as Retail Arcade, Kiddie Pool, Adult Pool, Meditation Garden, Jogging Path,

Fitness Gym, Bridge Way, Game Room, Wi-Fi Enable Study Hall and more.


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Perspective of the Project


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METHODS OF

CONSTRUCTION


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Methods of Construction

1. Preparatory Works for RC Columns, Beams, and Slabs

a. Alignment and Grading

Line and Grade Engineer should see to it that alignment and grading of structuralelements are observed with regards to the plans provided prior to rebar, form, and

concrete works.

Inspection of Alignment and Grading

b. Rebar Testing

Rebar Testing is done in order to check whether the rebar to be used in

construction are satisfying the specifications indicate especially with regards to yield

strength.

Rebar Specifications


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c. Rebar Fabrication

In ordering rebars, available sizes are 6m to 15m with an increment of 1.5 meters.

In some cases, desired sizes are unavailable or out of stock and some alterations on

design of rebar placement should be done. These changes may be present on the

cutting lists provided by the quantity surveyor. Details of splicing zone, development

length of hooks, etc. are the most critical phases for fabrication of rebars.

Delivered Rebars from Suppliers

Bending of Reinforcements


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Beam Stirrups and Column Ties

d. Scaffoldings

In this site, they are observing the concept of 2 strong floors prior to monolithic

concrete pouring of slab and beams at the upper floor. This means that scaffoldings

are provided on 2 floors below the floor in which concrete pouring is to be done.

GFTBI (Golden Fortune Techno-build Incorporation) is observing this concept in

order to maintain safety.

Scaffoldings are designed to be able to carry the weight poured concrete to

prevent any collapse, damage, or harm especially from the laborers.

Scaffolding of Beams and Slabs


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Strong Floor with Scaffoldings

2. Installation of Rebars in Columns

a. Rebar Installation

After line and grade checking and rebar fabrication, these may now be installed

by the steel men. Safety measures should always be observed upon installation of bars

especially in columns because these are done vertically at a significant height. Safetyequipments like hat, harness, etc. should be used when doing this job. Incompliance

to these safety measures may result to injury or casualties.

Column Rebars Installation


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b. Formworks System and Installation

The contractor of this project Orchard Residences uses the EFCO System

(Economy Forms Corporation). This system uses steel panels (for columns) that are

laterally connected using ties in order to prevent movement of forms to observe

proper alignment, plumbness, and elevation and as well as prevention of bursting of

concrete.

EFCO Formworks System for Columns

3.

Installation of Rebars in Beams/Girders and Slabsa. Formworks System and Installation

EFCO system is also the formworks system used in beams/girders and slabs.

These formworks are installed prior to rebar placement and checked by Line and

Grade Engineer for alignment and proper placement.

EFCO Formworks System for Beams/Girders and Slabs


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b. Scaffoldings Installation

Scaffoldings are designed and placed properly prior to rebar installation in order

to prevent hazards or injuries. These scaffoldings are used to avoid movements of

forms that may alter the alignment upon rebar and concrete works to be done.

Scaffoldings for Beams/Girders and Slabs

c. Beam Rebars and Stirrups Installation

After alignment and grading check, beam rebars may now be placed. Steel men

must observe proper placement of these rebars and should maintain safety at all times.

Proper PPE should be used in order to avoid accidents or injuries upon rebar

placement.

Stirrups must be installed properly by steel men to avoid discrepancies on the

values of spacing with regards to the key plan provided.Stirrups should be tied well

to avoid movement of shear reinforcements upon concrete pouring.


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e. Rebar Installation for Slabs

After installation of bars at beams and as well as MEPF installation, rebars for

slabs may now be installed by the steel men.Proper spacing should be observed to

avoid discrepancies with regards to the key plan.Rebars should be properly tied and

well placed to avoid movements upon concrete pouring.

Rebar Installation in Slabs

4. Preparatory Works for Concrete Pouring

a. Pumpcrete

Pumpcrete is a construction equipment consist of a machine and series of pipes

that is used to transport concrete from lower elevation to higher elevation. Before

using the Pumpcrete bags of cement are fed into the machine. These acts as a grout

that helps smoothen the surface of the pipe so that concrete can slide through easier.

This construction equipment should be prepared and placed in the proper area in

order to avoid obstructions.


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Pumpcrete pipe placing prior to pouring of concrete

b. Placing Boom

A construction equipment incorporated with the pipes of the Pumpcrete. It is used

to maneuver the pipe around the area where the pouring is needed. This equipment

should also be properly placed prior to rebar placement in order to avoid obstructions.

Placing Boom


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c. Inspection

Inspection prior and after a certain work at site is done by QA (Quality

Assurance)/QC (Quality Control) Engineer. QA Engineer should inspect the rebar

count and spacing after the placement of column, beam, and slab rebars.

Inspection of Rebar Count, Spacing, and Placement

After rebar placement and formwork installation, QA/QC Engineer should inspect

the plumbness, squareness, alignment, and grading of formworks accompanied by an

Architect prior to concrete pouring.

Plumbness and Squareness Inspection


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Beam and Slab Rebars Inspection

5. Concrete Pouring

After finishing all preparatory works, concrete pouring may now be done. In

concrete pouring, placing boom connected to the stationary pumpcrete is used.

Certain quantity of concrete cylinders depending on the volume of concrete to be

poured must be tested in order to check the strength of delivered concrete. Concrete

on Columns should have a least strength of 8500psi as prescribed by the designer of

this project and Concrete on Beams and Slabs have a least strength of 6000 psi.

Concrete Pouring


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PROJECT QUALITY

MANAGEMENT


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Project Quality Management

1.

TESTING OF MATERIALS

Quality Assurance (QA) testing is provided for the verification of the adequacy and

effectiveness of GFTBI QC testing. QA testing is performed by Quality Control (QC) officer

and is independent of and in addition to QC testing performed by GFTBI. QA testing may be

performed on pre-established schedule or as directed by CM.

QA testing will be performed by or under supervision of the QC staff to validate the

GFTBI QC sampling and testing. Such testing maybe performed by third party testing

service. In lieu of performing independent test the CM QC may choose to witness QC testing

or conduct test on split samples from QC testing. When QA and QC test results do not

compare or have wide variances, additional testing maybe needed to validate the results.

Additional test to be performed by field inspector or the third party testing services will be at

the direction of CM QC officer.

The need for QA testing shall be based on the following considerations.

Importance of the items as to its reliability, etc.

Need to perform quality checks for fabrication sequences not available for inspection

at completion, and

Deficiencies are discovered.

GFTBI will provide a one day advance notice of impending hold points. Field

inspector conducting the quality test and inspections shall complete the daily construction

report. The daily construction report will be distributed to the Owner, CM site manager,

GFTBI PM, and or QC officer. CM will review QA test and maintain file for all field QA

documentation.


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General Procedure for Sampling & Testing

Objective:

To ensure that testing and inspection events are properly triggered and scheduled with

the concerned parties.

Procedure:

1. CQC Engineer gives instructions to Proceed for an activity.

2. Field Engineer requests CQC Engineer to schedule inspection/inspection.

3. CQC Engineer confirms date/time of inspection among all parties.

4. During inspection of testing, inspection Checklist or Test Certificates, respectively, are

used in documenting findings.

5. CQC Engineer checks the Testing Requested; CQC Representative and Safety Engineer

approve the inspection request.

6. Preliminary inspection is conducted by GFTBI prior to the joint inspection with IACAI.

7.

Comments based on inspection by management team are compiled by GFTBI prior to

approve of any request scope of work.


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Concrete

In the sampling and testing of concrete, before the actual pouring the concrete is subjected to

slump test with which 75mm of drop is the acceptable value.

In addition to that, minimum of six (6) cylindrical samples were taken for compressive

strength test. The size of sample varies depending on the design mix of the concrete and it

measure 4 by 8 or 6 by 12. The six cylindrical samples are tested during its 7th

, 14th

and

28th

days of the concrete. Proper curing of the samples is applied to avoid any error.

They put plastic bag on the sample concrete for the

moist to circulate. Before testing of concrete they

drain it minimum of 3 hours.

Concrete Samples

Slump Test

Slump Test is a test of workability or measurement

of consistency of fresh concrete in that specific

batch. There are 3 layers of concrete in the cone

then tamped it 25 times each layer.


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The testing of concrete is based on the ASTM C39 standard and the use of Universal Testing

Machine is applied. The contractors partner testing company is the Matest located in Bambang,

Manila and Terms Concrete Testing (TCT) in Tayuman, Sta. Cruz, Manila

The actual testing of Concrete held at Matest Bambang,

Manila. Testing of concrete must be assisted by QC

Engineer to monitor the data in the testing.

Actual Testing of Concrete

Design Strength for 7th, 14th, 21stand 28thday


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Sample Test Result

Actual Test Result of Sample Concrete


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Steel Reinforcement Bars

In testing of steel reinforcement bars, two (2) samples per batch are obtained and

the lengths are as follows:

Bar Diameter No. of SamplesLength of

SamplesType of Test

8 mm20mm 2

0.6 m Tensile

0.4 m Bending

25mm32mm 20.6 m Tensile

0.5 m Bending

36 mm 2

0.6 m Tensile

0.5 m Bending

The test conforms to PNS49 standard and the universal testing machine is used to test the

samples. The steel bars are subjected to tensile and bending test. The partner for testing the

reinforcing steel bars Matest located in Bambang, Manila and Philippine Geoanalytical. Inc. in

Kamuning, Quezon City.

Steel Reinforcements Bar Sample


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There were two(2) sample of reinfircement bar to be tested. One for tensile test and another one

for bending stress. As the testing center or the Matest requires the longer one was for tensile test

and the other one will be for bending.

Actual Test Result

Actual Test Result of Steel Reinforcements Bar


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Mechanical Coupler

In the sampling of reinforcements steel bar with mechanical couplers, they obtained two

(2) samples. They used couplers to connect the two (2) steel bars.

The test conforms to ASTM A 325 standard and the universal testing machine is used to

test the samples. Samples are subjected to tensile test. The partner for testing the reinforcing steel

bars Matest located in Bambang, Manila and Philippine Geoanalytical. Inc. in Kamuning,Quezon City.

Reinforcing Steel Bars with Coupler


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Actual Test Result of Mechanical Coupler

Actual Test Result of Mechanical Coupler


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2.

JOB INSPECTION OF WORKS

JOB CONTROL FORMS

1.

Inspection Work Request (IWR)2. Form Enclosure (FE)

3. Concrete Pouring Request (CPR)

4. Formworks Stripping Request (FSR)

Procedure for Work Monitoring

Objective:

To ensure the approved construction methodologies and standards are followed, therebymaximizing efficiency in the project. Materials used for an activity can be traced from its source

to its application and installation (especially wrong installations to be connected.)

Procedure:

1. Project Engineer / Material Engineer witness delivery of materials on-site.

2. Project Engineer coordinates with subcontractor ensures that approved construction

methods are used.

3. Project Engineer monitors placements of materials/ location of installed equipments.

Inspection Process Flow

Objective: To ensure that testing and inspection events are properly triggered and scheduled with

concern parties.

Procedure:

1. CQC engineer gives instructions to proceed for an activity.

2.

Field engineer requests CQC engineer to schedule inspection / testing.

3. CQC engineer confirms date / time of inspection among all parties.

4. During inspection or testing, inspection checklist or test certificates, respectively,

are used in document findings.

5. CQC engineer checks the testing requested; CQC representative and safety

engineer approve the inspection request.


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1. Inspection Work Request (IWR)

Accomplished Inspection Work Request

Inspection of Work Request is the first Job Control Form to be approved before proceeding to other

activities. Inspectors from different trade contractor will be inspecting the work if it is approved to proceed

to next activity. In case there are comments that are needed to change, engineer must rectify.


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2. Concrete Pouring Request

Accomplished Concrete Pouring Request

Concrete Pouring Request (CPR) is the one needed before pouring of concrete in every

structural member of a building. It should be signed or approved by the Trade Contractor like

Electrical, Mechanical etc., General Contractor (GFTBI) and Inspector (IACAI).


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3. Form enclosure

In the enclosure of formworks, Engineer will be assisted by the Architect and other

Trade Contractor to inspect if the specific structural member passed the requirements or

specifications to enclose it by formworks. Form Enclosure must be approved by the inspector

to proceed.

Accomplished Form Enclosure


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ACCEPTANCE AND REJECTION OF WORKS

Every activity or work in the site must be approved by the different inspector before proceeding

to the next activity. Trades involved in the inspection are the following:

Structural

Architectural

ElectricalAuxiliary

Sanitary/Plumbing

Mechanical

Fire ProtectionLine & Grade

Safety

For all the trades to approve the work, each structural member that is subjected for inspectionmust comply with the specifications which are written in the general notes of the plan. Owner

and Management have the final right to reject a work.

Sample of Approved Work


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Flow of Approval of Work

Submit Request Form for a

work

Inspect the work by different

inspector of trade involved

Proceed with the work

Comply with

Specifications?

NO

YES

Rectify all comments


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DOCUMENTATION

AND RECORD KEEPING


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Documentation and Record Keepingis one of the most important parts of construction.

It is a compilation of important information and data involved in the process of construction. It

includes progress reports, file documents, and details about the project. Without these reports, itwould be difficult for the company to stand firm whenever there will be issues regarding the

construction. These might serve as proofs that will support situations. And everything must be

recorded for the data collection.

Once the project has started Progress Reports and Record Keeping should, at the sametime start. Progress reports must be in a form of daily reports, weekly reports and monthly

reports. This is to further monitor the development and/or changes in the project. These reports

can be in a form of checklist, narrative observation, or a detailed report with photos and billings.

DAILY REPORTS

Daily Reportsincludes the work done within the day, extra work done, manpower count,

equipment, kind, number and status. This also includes the weather condition within the dayfrom am to pm. This is to determine how the work will be affected by the uncontrolled situations

just like the change in weather. The report is called Daily Project Log which is done daily. It is

prepared by the Planning Engineer and must be submitted to the Project-in-Charge.

Log Booksis a record book that is done by the site supervisor. All the observations and

activities done during the day is recorded and kept on the office. This may serve as a reference

during a meeting. It is very important to keep hold of records of whatever happened for a specificso that if there will be problems encountered, it would be easier to trace on what part exactly it

has started. It is necessary to have this daily logbook as part of an effective project management.

Additional forms such as Accident Reports and numerous checklists help make sure that you're

covered.


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Sample of Daily Project Log

Weather Chart


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Sample of Daily Project Log

Equipment Utilization


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WEEKLY PROGRESS REPORT

Weekly Reports is said to be the summary of daily reports. It is a compilation of all the

submittals by subcontractors within the week. It is important because it helps in guiding andmonitoring the changes and improvements on the project. The same time, the contractors will be

able to respond accordingly with legal actions. This weekly report is prepared by the

documentation team in the form of billings and/or list of submittals and submitted to the project

manager.

This report includes:

Weekly Activity List

Weekly Forecast

Weekly Accomplishment

Accomplishment Report Progress Photos

Submittal Review Form Logs

Material Request Log

Master Submittal List

Summary of Rebar Delivery

Rebar Test Result

Summary of Concrete Delivery

Concrete Test Result

Weekly Activity List

It is a list of activities that needs to be done in a certain week. It must be accomplished

according to plan. This helps the organization of work for the workers. This also includes thenecessary preparation that needs to be done in relation with the activity. This is prepared by the

planning engineer and submitted to the project-in-charge.


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Sample of Weekly Activity List


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Weekly Forecast

This part of the report indicates the projected start and finish of a work within a certain

week. It is said to be the schedule that needs to be followed. This is prepared by the planning

engineer and is submitted to the project-in-charge.

Weekly Accomplishment

In this part of the report, the accomplishment made on the project within a certain week iscompared to the projected schedule. Through illustration, the comparison will be clearer. In here,

it could be seen if there are delays or the work done is ahead of time. This is prepared by the

planning engineer and is submitted to the project manager. After this, an Accomplishment

Reportwill be made accordingly, to further explain the details regarding the accomplishment

which is also made by the planning engineer.

Sample of Weekly Forecast


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Sample of Weekly Accomplishment


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Progress Photos

This will serve as supporting details to the accomplishment report. These are taken

photos on the changes made on the construction of the structure. It is detailed in such a way, that

in each zones per floor, changes are documented. This is done by the site engineer and/orplanning engineer and compiled by the documentation controller.

Submittal Review Form Logs

This is a form that summarizes all the documents passed and submitted by the contractor

to the owner and project manager. This must be verified also by the consultant designer. Thesesubmittals are Shop Drawings, Product Data, Product Sample, Test Result, Methodology and/or

Design Consultation. This also includes whether the submittal is approved, approved as noted,

disapproved or revise & re-submit and noted.


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Materials Request Log

This is included in the weekly report to monitor the materials ordered and delivered onthe site. It is important because it will determine the progress of the work. This form must

specify the description of the materials needed and its specification. Corresponding to this

request, the owner (Fareast Development Corporation) and the project manager (I.A. Campbell

& Associates, Inc.) must be informed.

Master Submittal List

This report is very important as it includes the master plan of the project. Any changesand progress made must be recorded to check the status of the construction, whether there is a

need for solution or improvement or else otherwise. This is made by the planning engineer and

engineer-in-charge coordinating with the architect, to ensure that the project plan is satisfyingboth parties. Any changes to be made in the project must be consulted first to the designer

consultant and owner, and they have the final say on the decision.

Sample of Submittal Logs


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Summary of Rebar Delivery

In this form, it indicates the quantity of rebars delivered with specified grade and bardiameter. The whole quantity of rebars needed for the construction will not be delivered most

probably, all at the same time. There will be instances where a part of the ordered rebars will be

delivered for a certain time frame. Thus, this form indicates the guaranteed quantity, delivered

quantity, and balance to guarantee by the supplier. It is all recorded because any insufficiencywill definitely affect the project especially the project. this report is prepared by the project

engineer and is submitted to the project-in-charge.

Sample of Materials Plan Log


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Rebar Test Result

In this part of the weekly report, attached here are the results from the testing of rebars. It

is very necessary and important because it ensures the strength of the rebars that are to be used inthe construction really passed the design criteria needed for the structure. Though the delivered

rebars has its specification, the contractor will conduct a test of itself to ensure that the delivered

rebars are with correct specifications. The report is done by the rebar engineer and to be checked

by the QA/QC engineer and this shall be passed to the project-in-charge.

Sample of RSB Delivery Report


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Sample of Rebar Test Result


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Summary of Concrete Delivery

In this form, it indicates the name of the supplier, quantity of ready mixed concrete with

its specified strength. This form indicates the guaranteed quantity, breakdown of delivery foreach strength, total delivered quantity, and balance to guarantee by the supplier. It is all recorded

because any insufficiency will definitely affect the project especially the project. This report is

prepared by the project engineer and is submitted to the project-in-charge.

Sample of RMC Delivery Report


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Concrete Test Result

This result includes the date when the concrete is poured and on which particular

location. The strength in Psi is also indicated. During the 7 th day, 14th day and 28th day, thestrengths are obtained and recorded. Test results should pass the required design strength for the

specific test days before it will be used for the construction.

MONTHLY PROGRESS REPORT

Monthly Progress Report is a more detailed report compared to the weekly report. Itincludes details about the current progress of the project. This includes the list of activities done,

currently doing and needs to be done on the project. Together with this, attached are the billing

forms, change of orders, current status and/or date of completion. This also includes problemsencountered on the project with corresponding solutions made and/or plans to address the

problem. This monthly report is subdivided into three parts: written report, project tracking

schedule, and activity management schedule.

Sample of Summary of Concrete

Specimen Test Results


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Written report is a summary of: progress for the month against defined objectives;

financial progress (i.e. expenditure against budget and cash flow projection; physical progress;problems encountered and the actions proposed to resolve the problems; and information

required which has an impact on undertaking the work at hand).

Project tracking schedule is an excel-based schedule which the following details for

each project: project details, project budget and expenditure to date, project physical progress

and problems encountered, project employment data and current status of the project.

Activity management schedule is an excel-based schedule that lists all of the majoractivities and objectives that must be achieved within the timetable and/or deadline. This tracks

the planned completion dates for the key activities as well as the actual completion of the

activity.

The Monthly Report includes the ff.:

I. Executive Brief

1.1 Project Description1.2

Project Organization

1.3 Health, Safety and Environment ProgramII. Updates for the Period - September 1-25, 2014

2.1 Accomplishment Report

As per MS Project Master Schedule (Original Contract)

As per Bar Chart/Cash Flows2.2 Construction Update

Activities last Period Activities this Period

Activities next Period

2.3 Weather Chart

2.4 Three-Months Look-Ahead Schedule

2.5 Submittal Logs of MaterialsWest and East Tower

2.6 Submittal Logs of Shop DrawingsWest and East Tower2.7 Submittal Logs of Methodology

2.8 Submittal Logs of Product Data/Sample

2.9 Submittal Logs of Test Results

2.10 Master Submittal List

III. Annexes

3.1 Master Schedule

West Tower Blocking Schedule (Original Contract)

East Tower Podium Schedule3.2 Ready Mixed Concrete Delivery Report

3.3 Summary of Rebar Test Results3.4 Summary of Concrete Test Results


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3.5 Progress Photos

Updates for the Period

This part of the report includes the summary of accomplishment and variance (if theres

any) of the project. This will inform the owner of the works done in that particular month.

Accomplishment Report

In this part, Golden Fortune Techno-Built Inc. based on the MS Project Master Scheduleand the Bar Chart/Cash Flows. This is shown using figures to further visualize the

accomplishment done compared to the work that needs to be done.

Construction Update

It is a detailed list of activities for the last period, current period and next period. This isdone to inform the owner and project manager of the works done in the project so they will be

guided accordingly, and they would further study it to improve the sequence of work or stick to

what is planned.


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Weather Chart

It is very important for the contract to be updated of the weather forecast. One of the

uncontrolled variables in construction is the change in weather; it highly affects the work, cost,

time and progress. This is done to systematize the sequence of work and further adjustments onthe construction. This is important because, a work cannot be pursued if there is a coming storm

or typhoon, not only for the contractor but also for the safety of the workers.


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Three Months Look Ahead Schedule

Time is one of the most important considerations in the construction. All projects have a

certain deadline that needs to be followed. Any delays and extensions on the project affects

highly on the cost of the project. This three months look ahead schedule enables to manage the

work accordingly to the deadline.

Sample of RMC Delivery Report


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Submittal Logs & Master Submittal List

As done in the weekly report, all those submittals are collected and compiled together

and summarized to be presented on the monthly report. All the contents are the same. Submittal

logs are for materials, shop drawings (structural), methodology/design calculation, product data,

and test results.

Sample of Three Months Look Ahead

Schedule


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Other Visual Presentation

This includes schedules, graphs, progress photos, etc. to further support the

accomplishment done in the project. Progress photos must be properly labeled to make it easier

for the project manager and/or owner to understand.

COST DOCUMENTATION

Cost Documentation is basically the cost estimation of the whole project, starting from

the manpower utilizations, equipment utilizations and material cost. Every cost related matters

on the site must be kept recorded and documented. It is very important for the owner to be

updated and properly informed on this matter.

Manpower and Equipment Utilization Reports

Manpower Utilization reports is monitored daily. The site supervisor summarizes thedesignation, number of employees per designation and total number of working hours allotted on

a particular day. The total number of hours of the employees is compared to the previous total

hours and then the total running time is computed. It is important to be guided with this becausemanpower cost depends on each day of work. It must be balanced and any adjustment of labor

must be planned. One should not increase or decrease number of workers without thinking of it

carefully. Sequence of work and time schedule are to be considered.

Equipment Utilization report is also monitored daily. The site supervisor summarizes the

kind of equipment, number of available equipments and its status. The status of the equipmentcan be classified as idle, breakdown and operational. Monitoring this helps in controlling the

equipments needed in the construction. Equipments must consider the work volume, which is

done by the working engineer (project manager, project-in-charge, project engineer) on the site,

before any changes to be made.

Material Cost Control Reports

This is done to determine the total percentage of delivered materials that has been used inthe site. It includes the quantity, unit and state of the materials on the site. It is important to keepa record of the materials delivered because it is to manage properly whether there are enough

stock of materials or there is a need for a new set of delivery.


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Sample of Requisition Form


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Sample of Requisition Slip


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TIME AND

COST CONTROL


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Project Management Software used by the Planning Department:

Microsoft Project is a project management software program, developed and sold by Microsoft,which is designed to assist a project manager in developing a plan, assigning resources to tasks,

tracking progress, managing the budget, and analyzing workloads. The application creates

critical path schedules, and critical chain and event chain methodology third-party add-ons alsoare available.

A CPM schedule created using Microsoft Project

Microsoft Excel is a spreadsheet application developed by Microsoft. It features calculation,graphing tools, pivot tables and macro programming language. It is used in monitoring the cost

and cash flow of the project. The S-curve and cash flow can be easily graphed based on what isindicated in the scheduling made from Microsoft Project.


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The S-curve using Microsoft Excel

Project Schedule:

S-curveis defined a display of cumulative costs, labor hours or other quantities plotted against

time. The beginning represents a slow, deliberate but accelerating start, while the end

represents a deceleration as the work runs out.

Prior to project commencement, a schedule is prepared outlining the proposed allocation of

resources and the timing of tasks necessary to complete the project within a set time frame andbudget. This schedule is referred to as the Baseline Schedule. From this schedule, a Baseline S-

curve is generated. This S-curve reflects the planned progress of the project. If the project

requirements change prior to commencement like change of scope and delayed start, the Baseline

Schedule may require revision to reflect the changed requirements.

This is the latest S-curve showing

slippage of the plan and actual

accomplishment. The red line

shows the actual progress while the

blue line shows the estimated cost

and time plan.


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Cost Report/ Cash Flow

The cash flow forecast how much they will amount to during the life of project. Predicting cash

flow is important in order to ensure that an appropriate level of funding is in place and that

suitable draw-down facilities are available. Until the main contractor has been appointed, cashflow projections are likely to be based only on agreed fee payment schedules for consultants and

a simple division of the construction cost over the likely construction period perhaps an

allocation of construction cost over an s-curve distribution.

Cash flow corresponding to the S-curve


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UPDATE FOR THE PERIOD September 1 25 , 2014

Accomplishment report

As of: September 22, 2014

PROJECTED ACTUAL VARIANCE REMARKS

16.58% 16.58% 0.00% On schedule

Last Period: August 25, 2014


14.35% 14.35% 0.00% On schedule

VARIANCE


2.23% 2.23% 0.00% Monthly Accomplishment

This accomplishes report shows that there are 0.00% variance.


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Resource Productivity Report:

This is the manpower schedule as of June 23, 2014 of West Tower.


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Delays Encountered:

Time delays happen because the actual condition in the site is not the same as planned like

weather condition and other factors that affect the work progress. Another reason is if there will

be revisions to the original plan. These delays are reflected through slippage in the S-Curve.

The owner, Orchard Residences, decided to add a basement which is not included in the original

plan that resulted to a delay of schedule compared to the S-Curve prepared from the contract.

Because of this, there will be a revised or catch-up schedule that is currently on process (46-

month construction). As of now, the Golden Fortune Techno-Built Inc. is still adopting the

original schedule and S-Curve (38-month construction).

Here are some solutions used by the Planning Department:

Manpower

It means that in order to meet the time scheduled, the contractor can add more workers to

do the project. However, this solution needs more budget to implement it.

System

In this solution, the Golden Fortune Techno-Built Inc. changed their formwork system

from EFCO System to Aluma System. In the West Building, they used EFCO System but

they notice that their work is delay so they change the formwork system of the East

Building to Aluma System to catch-up the schedule. Aluma System has bigger plate,

meaning it can save time in forming it and will accelerate the progress of their work. But

this solution may need extra cost since they started their work using EFCO System.

Working Times (overtime)

It means that the workers and engineers should extend their working hour than the normal

working hour or what we call overtime. In this solution, the progress of their work will

accelerate because of continuously working until they reach the target schedule. Like the

other two solutions, this solution will also need more budget.


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Cost Variances:

A variance is the difference between a budgeted/ planned cost and the actual amount. The

concept of variance is intrinsically connected with planned and actual results and effects of the

difference between those two on the performance of the general contractor. It is based on the unit

of quantities and the S-Curve. As of now, there is 0.00% variance in the project.

There are cases that negative variance occurs. It is when the actual amount is greater than the

budgeted/ planned amount. In order to avoid negative variance, the contactor should know how

to balance and control the cost of the project.

Here are some of the ways how contractor adjust the operation to address cost variance:

Proper measurement and monitoring of the materials

It is important in construction because every materials delivered to the site should be used

in order to avoid wasting them. Proper supervision of the cost of materials should be

implemented.

Proper measurement and monitoring of accomplishments

Work accomplishment should be documented weekly to monitor the quantity of materials

needed. If accomplishments are not documented, there is a tendency of ordering excess

materials like rebars that could cause cost variance.


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MEASURING WORKS

ACCOMPLISHMENTS AND

REPORTING WORK PROGRESS


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Summary of Rebar Installed as of Aug. 14, 2014


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Summary of Ready Mixed Concrete Delivered as of September 17, 2014

*Concrete- 5000 psi

Wall- 5000 psiSlab- 6000 psi

Column- 8500 psi


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Progress Photographs as of Sept. 25, 2014

Accomplishment in 8th

floor

8th

floor Phase 1 and 2 cleaning prior

to concrete pouring


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Progress Payment Procedures (Progress Billing with Supporting Documents)

The contractor is paid progressively throughout the project and is required to submit progressclaims to the architect on a regular basis. The architect assesses each claim on the basis of work

undertaken, the labor and materials used, and any other construction costs in accordance with the

construction contract, and then issues a progress certificate which stated the amount calculatedby the architect to be due to the contractor at the time of issue.

Under most building contracts, the architects responsibility to prepare and issue progress

certificates is as an independent professional assessor upon whose assessment and valuation bothyou and the contractor have agreed to abide. It is one of the few instances under the contract that

the architect does not act as your agent and you must not do anything which prevents your

architect from carrying out that role of assessor and certifier independently of you.

Process and obligations for progress payments:

The contractor presents a progress claim to the architect

The architect assesses the claim, determines the monetary amount which the contractor is entitledto under the contract and issues a progress certificate to the contractor

The contractor presents the progress certificate and a tax invoice to you for payment

The building contract usually states a limited time within which you must make the payment

8th

floor Phase 3 installation of rebar


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Purchase Order of Concrete Moving


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Summary of payment as of September 25, 2014


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Progress Payments


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VARIATION ORDER

AND TIME EXTENSIONS


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Ensuring that risks are properly identified.

Ensuring that designs are properly co-ordinate before tender.

Ensuring that the contract is unambiguous and explicit.

Ensuring that the contractors rates are clear.

Preparing concise drawings, bills of quantities and specifications, providing for allsituations which are reasonably fore-seeable.


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Time Extension

Extension of time is based on the ability to demonstrate that delays have occurred in

theconstruction schedule affecting project completion date. Time extension requests arenormally specified in contracts provision and requesting time extensions should be madefollowing all steps and documentation under the contract guideline. When requesting a time

extension the Contractor should notify the Project Manager, when any issue might affect the

project schedule.A formal letter must be addressed to the Contract Administrator requesting the

time extension and the reasons why those days should be added to theconstruction schedule.TheContract Administrator should then, remit the letter to the Project Manager for evaluation and

approval or rejection. If the time extension is granted, then the Project Manager must answer by

written and a change order will be issued. Some contracts specify that time extension requests

should be done within a specific time frame, if not; the time extension claim will also berejected. Time extension document should have this following:

Indicate specific issue causing delays

List of activities from project schedule being affected by the aforementioned issue

Exact amount of time being requested specifying working days or calendar days

Sketches, photographs, or pictures

Recommendations being given to Contract Administrator

Indicate the actions the contractor has taken to avoid or minimize other delays

Alternative solutions presented to Contract Administrator

Time extension requests are normally claimed due to the following circumstances:

New orExtra Work not included in the original scope or contract

Unusual or adverse weather conditions

Variation order

Lack of manpower

Shortage/Unavailability of materials
http://construction.about.com/od/Construction-Management/a/Construction-Schedule-Techniques.htmhttp://construction.about.com/od/Procurement-Process/tp/Contract-Documents.htmhttp://construction.about.com/od/Cost-Control/a/What-Is-A-Gantt-Chart.htmhttp://construction.about.com/od/Cost-Control/a/What-Is-A-Gantt-Chart.htmhttp://construction.about.com/od/Construction-Management/a/Critical-Path-Method-Scheduling.htmhttp://construction.about.com/od/Construction-Management/a/Critical-Path-Method-Scheduling.htmhttp://construction.about.com/od/Cost-Control/a/How-To-Reduce-Overhead-Costs.htmhttp://construction.about.com/od/Cost-Control/a/How-To-Reduce-Overhead-Costs.htmhttp://construction.about.com/od/Construction-Management/a/Critical-Path-Method-Scheduling.htmhttp://construction.about.com/od/Construction-Management/a/Critical-Path-Method-Scheduling.htmhttp://construction.about.com/od/Cost-Control/a/What-Is-A-Gantt-Chart.htmhttp://construction.about.com/od/Cost-Control/a/What-Is-A-Gantt-Chart.htmhttp://construction.about.com/od/Procurement-Process/tp/Contract-Documents.htmhttp://construction.about.com/od/Construction-Management/a/Construction-Schedule-Techniques.htm


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Problems Encountered

In a construction project although every action or activity is thoughtfully planned, still,problems and delays occurred. Problems in the surroundings, setting up the formworks, pouring

of concrete, placing of reinforced bars and finishing should be considered to come up with a

good project. During our on-the-job training on Orchard Residences, we encountered different

kinds of problems and these are:

One of the major problems that we encountered is the honeycombs. As we can see in the

picture there are hollow spaces and cavities left in concrete mass on surface or inside the

concrete mass where concrete could not reach. These look like honey bees nest.

Honeycomb is due to non-reaching of concrete to all places due to which cavities and

hallow pockets are created, main reasons are:

1. Improper vibration during concrete.

2. Less cover to reinforcement bars.

3.

Use of very stiff concrete (this can be avoided by controlling water as

perslump test).

4. Places like junction of beam to beam to column and to one or more beams

are the typical spots where honey combs are observed. This is due to

jumbling of reinforcement of beams and column rods at one place; special

attention is required at such place during concreting and vibrating.

5. Presence of more percentage of bigger size of aggregate in concrete also

prevents concrete to fill narrow spaces between the reinforcement rods.
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Corrective Action:

Due to the hallow spaces and cavities the concreting engineer recommend to apply an

epoxy injection to fill up the hallow spaces and cavities.

Honeycomb in the Concrete


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Another major problem, the ground and second floor exceeds the property line on oneside of the building which occupied the property line of the neighboring structure.

Corrective action:

Group of surveyor was hired to investigate. After getting and analysing the data, there isa need to demolish the parts that exceeds the property line. This is also known as

rectification methodology.

Property Line of the Project


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Another problem, the construction induced property damage on one of its neighbour.

Their neighbours are also complaining about the noise and dust pollution that they areproducing. Their neighbours are schools, church and hospitals. This is also one of theproblems that need to be considered.

Corrective action:The owner, contractor and management of Orchard Residences set a formal meeting with

the said establishment to fix the problem.

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