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Okra insects A Lecture By Allah Dad Khan Provincial Coordinator IPM MINFAL Islamabad

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Page 1: Okra insects A Lecture By Allah Dad Khan Provincial Coordinator IPM MINFAL Islamabad
Page 2: Okra insects A Lecture By Allah Dad Khan Provincial Coordinator IPM MINFAL Islamabad

Okra Insects A

Lecture To ToT trainees ( FFS) By

Mr. Allah Dad Khan Provincial Coordinator

IPM KPK MINFAL Pakistan

Page 3: Okra insects A Lecture By Allah Dad Khan Provincial Coordinator IPM MINFAL Islamabad

• Crop: BhendiScientific Name: Ablemoschus esculantusFamily: Malvaceae

Page 4: Okra insects A Lecture By Allah Dad Khan Provincial Coordinator IPM MINFAL Islamabad

Shoot and fruit borer: Earias vitella, E. insulana

Symptoms of damage:

• Terminal shoots wither and droop

• Shedding of buds and flowers

• Bore hole in fruits and feed• Deformed fruits

Larvae of E. vitella feeding on okra fruit

Page 5: Okra insects A Lecture By Allah Dad Khan Provincial Coordinator IPM MINFAL Islamabad

Shoot and fruit borer

Adult  Eggs of E. vitella laid on okra fruit

Page 6: Okra insects A Lecture By Allah Dad Khan Provincial Coordinator IPM MINFAL Islamabad

Shoot and fruit borerIdentification of pest:

• E. Vitella:• Egg: Sculptured egg and sky blue in 

colour• Larva: Brownish with white streaks 

dorsally and pale yellow ventrally• Adult: Forewing are pale with a wedge 

shaped green band in the middle• E. insulana:• Larva: Brown with dorsum showing a 

white median longitudinal streak• Pupa: Brown and boat shaped• Adult: Forewing are uniformly silvery 

green

Page 7: Okra insects A Lecture By Allah Dad Khan Provincial Coordinator IPM MINFAL Islamabad

Bhendi fruit borer: Helicoverpa armigera

Symptoms of damage:

• Feed on the flowers• Circular boreholes on fruits• Larva thrust only part of 

their body inside the fruit feed

Page 8: Okra insects A Lecture By Allah Dad Khan Provincial Coordinator IPM MINFAL Islamabad

Bhendi fruit borerIdentification of pest:

• Eggs: Are spherical in shape and creamy white in colour, laid singly

• Larva: Shows colour variation from greenish to brown

• Pupa: Brown in colour, occurs in soil, leaf, and pod

• Adult: Female brownish yellow stout moth, Male is pale greenish in colour with V shaped markings

Page 9: Okra insects A Lecture By Allah Dad Khan Provincial Coordinator IPM MINFAL Islamabad

Shoot weevil: Alcidodes affaber

Symptoms of damage:

• Grub feed on stem and galls are formed in the stem and petiole

• Adults feed on leaf buds and terminal shoots

Bore hole on shoot

Page 10: Okra insects A Lecture By Allah Dad Khan Provincial Coordinator IPM MINFAL Islamabad

Shoot weevil

Infected terminal shoot Adults feed on terminal shoots

Page 11: Okra insects A Lecture By Allah Dad Khan Provincial Coordinator IPM MINFAL Islamabad

Shoot weevilIdentification of pest:

• Grubs - creamy yellow, apodous

• Adults - dark greyish brown with pale cross bands on elytra

Egg

Page 12: Okra insects A Lecture By Allah Dad Khan Provincial Coordinator IPM MINFAL Islamabad

Shoot weevil

Grub Adult

Page 13: Okra insects A Lecture By Allah Dad Khan Provincial Coordinator IPM MINFAL Islamabad

Stem weevil: Pempherulus affinis

Symptoms of damage:

• Grub feed on stem and galls are formed in the stem and petiole

• Adults feed on leaf buds and terminal shoots

Grub feed on stem

Page 14: Okra insects A Lecture By Allah Dad Khan Provincial Coordinator IPM MINFAL Islamabad

Stem weevilIdentification of pest:

• Grubs: Creamy yellow, apodous

• Adults: Dark greyish brown with pale cross bands on elytra

Adult 

Page 15: Okra insects A Lecture By Allah Dad Khan Provincial Coordinator IPM MINFAL Islamabad

Leaf roller: Sylepta derogata

Symptoms of damage:

• Caterpillar rolled the leaves• Scrapping the chlorophyll 

content and feed inside• Defoliation

Rolled Leaves

Page 16: Okra insects A Lecture By Allah Dad Khan Provincial Coordinator IPM MINFAL Islamabad

Stem weevilIdentification of pest:

• Larva: Bright green (glistening) with dark head and prothoracic shield

• Adult: moth with yellow wings having brown wavy markings

Adult 

Page 17: Okra insects A Lecture By Allah Dad Khan Provincial Coordinator IPM MINFAL Islamabad

Semilooper: Anomis flava

Symptoms of damage:

• Caterpillar fed on the leaves• Defoliation

Page 18: Okra insects A Lecture By Allah Dad Khan Provincial Coordinator IPM MINFAL Islamabad

Semilooper

Larva• Identification of pest:

Adult

Page 19: Okra insects A Lecture By Allah Dad Khan Provincial Coordinator IPM MINFAL Islamabad

Whitefly: Bemisia tabaci

Symptoms of damage:

• Chlorotic spots on the leaves which latter coalesce forming irregular yellowing of leaf tissue

• Severe infestation results in premature defoliation

• Development of sooty mold• Vector of yellow vein 

mosaic virus

Yellowing of leaf tissue and adult

Page 20: Okra insects A Lecture By Allah Dad Khan Provincial Coordinator IPM MINFAL Islamabad

WhiteflyIdentification of pest:

• Nymph: Greenish yellow, oval in outline

• Adult: Minute insects with yellow body covered with a white waxy bloom

Page 21: Okra insects A Lecture By Allah Dad Khan Provincial Coordinator IPM MINFAL Islamabad

Jassids: Amrasca devastans

Symptoms of damage:

• Tender leaves become yellow• The margin of the leaves start 

curling downwards and reddening sets in

• In the case of severe infestation leaves get a bronze which is typical “hopper burn” symptom

• The margins of the leaf get broken and crumble into pieces when crushed

• The leaves dried up and shed and growth of the crop is retarded

Page 22: Okra insects A Lecture By Allah Dad Khan Provincial Coordinator IPM MINFAL Islamabad

JassidsIdentification of pest:

• NymphAdult • Nymph: Light green, 

translucent, wingless found between the veins of leaves on the under surface

• Adult: Green, wedge shaped leafhopper

Nymph/Adult

Page 23: Okra insects A Lecture By Allah Dad Khan Provincial Coordinator IPM MINFAL Islamabad

Aphid: Aphis gossypii

Symptoms of damage:

• Infesting tender shoots and under surface of the leaves.

• Curling and crinkling of leaves

• Stunted growth• Development of black sooty 

mould due to the excretion of honey dew

Page 24: Okra insects A Lecture By Allah Dad Khan Provincial Coordinator IPM MINFAL Islamabad

AphidIdentification of pest:

• Nymphs: Yellowish or greenish brown found on the undersurface of leaves.

• Adults: - are greenish brown, soft bodied and small insects

Aphid Adults 

Page 25: Okra insects A Lecture By Allah Dad Khan Provincial Coordinator IPM MINFAL Islamabad

Corn earworm 

• Early instar cream colored or yellowish-green with few markings; later instar green, reddish, or brown with pale longitudinal stripes and scattered black spots; moderately hairy; up to 44 mm long; three pairs of legs, five pairs of prolegs eats holes in pods

Figure 1. Larva of corn earworm, Helicoverpa zea (Boddie), light-colored or greenish form

Page 26: Okra insects A Lecture By Allah Dad Khan Provincial Coordinator IPM MINFAL Islamabad

Corn Ear worm

Figure 2. Larva of corn earworm, Helicoverpa zea (Boddie), dark-colored or brown form.

Figure 3. Pupa of corn earworm, Helicoverpa zea (Boddie), in cell at ear tip. 

Page 27: Okra insects A Lecture By Allah Dad Khan Provincial Coordinator IPM MINFAL Islamabad

Corn worm 

• Figure 4. Adult corn earworm, Helicoverpa zea (Boddie).

Page 28: Okra insects A Lecture By Allah Dad Khan Provincial Coordinator IPM MINFAL Islamabad

Japanese beetle 

Identification • - Hard-bodied, shiny, 

metallic green beetle with coppery brown wing covers which meet in a straight line down the center of the back; body about 13 mm long  skeletonizes leaves; may also eat pods

Page 29: Okra insects A Lecture By Allah Dad Khan Provincial Coordinator IPM MINFAL Islamabad

Melon aphid - 

Identification • Yellow or green in host, dry 

summers; pale to dark green in cool seasons; body up to 2 mm long; cornicles slightly longer than or twice as long as cauda; nymph similar in color to adult 

Figure 1. Nymphs (mixed ages) and dark form of wingless adult of melon aphids, Aphis gossypii Glover

Page 30: Okra insects A Lecture By Allah Dad Khan Provincial Coordinator IPM MINFAL Islamabad

Melon AphidFigure 2. Winged adult (black morph) melon aphid, Aphis gossypii Glover. 

Figure 3. Winged adult (yellow morph) melon aphid, Aphis gossypiiGlover

Page 31: Okra insects A Lecture By Allah Dad Khan Provincial Coordinator IPM MINFAL Islamabad

Leaffooted bugs and Stink • bugs - Bugs up to 19 mm long; 

adult green or brown and shield-shaped (stink bug,  or brown with enlarged, flattened hind legs (leaffooted bug, ; stink bug nymph pale green or green with orange and black markings ; leaffooted bug nymph red ; pierce buds, pods, and seeds causing pods to be deformed and seeds to be shriveled; wart-like growths appear on pods

Page 32: Okra insects A Lecture By Allah Dad Khan Provincial Coordinator IPM MINFAL Islamabad

Bugs

Adult leaffooted bug, Leptoglossus clypealis.

Adult leaffooted bug, Leptoglossus zonatus. Note the two yellow spots on the pronotum behind the head, characteristic of this species

Page 33: Okra insects A Lecture By Allah Dad Khan Provincial Coordinator IPM MINFAL Islamabad

Bugs

Adult leaffooted bug, Leptoglossus occidentalis Eggs of leaffooted bugs, Leptoglossus sp.

Page 34: Okra insects A Lecture By Allah Dad Khan Provincial Coordinator IPM MINFAL Islamabad

• Small leaffooted bug nymph, Leptoglossus zonatus.

Page 35: Okra insects A Lecture By Allah Dad Khan Provincial Coordinator IPM MINFAL Islamabad

European Corn Borer Figure 3. Mature larva of the European corn borer, Ostrinia nubilalis(Hubner).

Figure 4. Adult male European corn borer, Ostrinia nubilalis (Hubner), pinned specimen. 

Page 36: Okra insects A Lecture By Allah Dad Khan Provincial Coordinator IPM MINFAL Islamabad

Comparison between male (1) and female (2) European corn borer, Ostrinia nubilalis (Hubner)

1. Male 2. Female 

Page 37: Okra insects A Lecture By Allah Dad Khan Provincial Coordinator IPM MINFAL Islamabad

 Leaf miner - 

• Colorless to bright yellow maggot with black mouthparts; body up to 3 mm long; pointed head; S-shaped mines in leaves, often enlarged at one end 

Page 38: Okra insects A Lecture By Allah Dad Khan Provincial Coordinator IPM MINFAL Islamabad

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