Olp Igcse Mechanics Ct 3

8/3/2019 Olp Igcse Mechanics Ct 3

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MESH INTERNATIONAL: MECHANICS CT 3 (OLP - IGCSE)

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2 (a) Fig. 2.1 shows the same vertical force of 200 N exerted by a cyclist on thepedal of a bicycle in three different positions A, B and C.

Fig. 2.1

State the position, A, B or C, in which the force exerts the largest moment aboutthe pivot.Give a reason for your answer.

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(b) Fig. 2.2 shows a support for a leg in plaster and Fig. 2.3 shows a simplifieddiagram of the forces acting on the leg.

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Calculate the force Fneeded to keep the leg in a horizontal position.

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3. In a training session, a racing cyclists journey is in three stages.

Stage 1 He accelerates uniformly from rest to 12 m/s in 20 s.Stage 2 He cycles at 12 m/s for a distance of 4800 m.Stage 3 He decelerates uniformly to rest.

The whole journey takes 500 s.

(a) Calculate the time taken for stage 2.

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(b) On the grid of Fig. 3.1, draw a speed/time graph of the cyclists ride. [3]

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Fig. 3.1

(c) Show that the total distance travelled by the cyclist is 5400 m.

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(d) Calculate the average speed of the cyclist.

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4. A piece of stiff cardboard is stuck to a plank of wood by means of two sticky-tape hinges. This is shown in Fig. 4.1.

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Fig. 4.1

(a)The cardboard is lifted as shown, using a force applied either at A or B or C.

(i) On Fig. 4.1, draw the force in the position where its value will be as small aspossible. [2]

(ii) Explain why the position you have chosen in (a)(i) results in the smallest

force.

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(b) Initially, the cardboard is flat on the plank of wood. A box of matches isplaced on it. The cardboard is then slowly raised at the left hand edge, as shownin Fig. 4.2.

Fig. 4.2

State the condition for the box of matches to fall over.

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(c)The box of matches is opened, as shown in Fig. 4.3. The procedure in (b) isrepeated.

Fig. 4.3

(i) Complete the sentence below, using either the words greater than or the

same as or less than.

In Fig. 4.3, the angle through which the cardboard can be lifted before the

box of matches falls

is . the angle before the box of

matches falls in Fig. 4.2. [1]

(ii) Give a reason for your answer to (c)(i).

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5. A small bird, a large bird and a squirrel are on the ground under a tree. A loudnoise scares the two birds. They both fly up to the top of the tree.

(a) (i) Which bird does the most work raising itself to the top of the tree?

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(ii) Explain your answer to (a)(i).

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(a) Explain, in terms of moments of forces, how the valve works.

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(b)The moment of weight W about the pivot is 12 N m. The perpendiculardistance of the line of action of the force of the steam on the valve from the pivotis 0.2 m.

Calculate the minimum steam force needed for the steam to escape,

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7. A diesel engine is used to drag a boat up a slipway (see Fig. 7.1).

Fig. 7.1

The boat finishes in the position shown by the broken outline.

(a) On Fig. 4.1, carefully mark

(i) the weight Wof the boat, using an arrow labelled W, [1](ii) the friction force Fon the boat, using an arrow labelled F. [1]

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(b) State, in terms ofW, F, h and s, how you could calculate

(i) the work done lifting the weight of the boat,

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(ii) the work done against the friction force,

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(iii) the total work done pulling the boat up the slipway.

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8. A motorcyclist drives along a straight road. Fig. 8.1 gives information about thefirst 10 s of his ride.

Fig. 8.1

(a) From the information on Fig. 8.1,

(i) describe the motion of the motorcyclist by ticking one of the following boxes,

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(ii) estimate the average speed of the motorcyclist during the 10 s,

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(iii) calculate the distance travelled during the 10 s...................................................................................................................................

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(b) State why the distance travelled in the first 5 s is less than half of the distance

travelled in the first 10 s of the journey.

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9. Fig. 9.1 shows a car travelling at a uniform speed of 18 m/s. At time t= 0, thedriver sees a child run out in front of the car.

Fig. 9.1

At time t= 0.6 s the driver starts to apply the brakes. The car then deceleratesuniformly, taking a further 3.0 s to stop.

(a) (i) On Fig. 9.2, draw a graph to show how the speed of the car varies with t.

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[3]Fig. 9.2

(ii) Calculate the distance travelled in the first 0.6 s of the motion.

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(b)The braking distance is the distance travelled by the car after the driver startsto apply the brakes. The braking distance is not the same each time that the carstops.

State two factors that could increase braking distance.

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10. Fig. 10.1 shows a device for punching holes in a piece of paper. A personapplies a force Fat the end of the arm. Just before the hole is made in the paper,the arm is at rest.

Fig. 10.1

(a)Just before the hole is made, the force upwards on the steel rod is 7.2 N.Calculate the value ofF. Use the distances marked on Fig. 10.1.

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(b)The force downwards on the paper due to the rod and the force upwards on

the rod due to the paper are related by Newtons third law. State Newtons thirdlaw.

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11. Fig. 11.1 represents the motion of a car along a straight road. As the carapproaches a small town, it slows down. The car travels at a constant speed fromthe start of the town to the end of the town. After passing through the town, the

car speeds up.

Fig. 11.1

(a) (i) Determine the speed of the car in the town.

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(ii) Determine the time taken by the car to pass through the town.

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(iii) Calculate the distance travelled by the car in the town.

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(b)The car accelerates after passing through the town. Calculate the

acceleration. Give the unit of your answer.

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12. Fig. 12.1 shows apparatus that demonstrates how a coin and a piece of paperfall from rest.

Fig. 12.1 Fig. 12.2

At the positions shown in Fig. 12.1, the coin and paper are falling through air inthe tube. The forces on them are shown in Fig. 12.2. The length of an arrowindicates the size of each force.

(a) State the initial value of the acceleration of the coin as it falls.

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(b) Explain how Fig. 12.2 shows that

(i) the paper falls with constant speed,

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..................................................................... (ii) the coin accelerates.

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(c) A vacuum pump is connected to A and the air in the tube is removed. Thecoin and paper fall differently in a vacuum from the way they fall in air.State two of these differences.

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TOTAL FOR THIS PAPER: 70 MARKS

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Olp Igcse Mechanics Ct 3

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