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OLYMPIADS+
BRUTAL BRUCE
Group 6
THE PROTONIn 1812 Eugene Goldstein noticed during an experiment there were
hydrogen nuclei. Those were also known as protons, or even the hydrogen in when separated from it’s electron.
The proton has a positive charge.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proton
PROTONS
What are their properties?
Protons are much larger and heavier than electrons
A proton is a subatomic particle with an electric charge of one positive fundamental unit
It is about 1836 times the mass of an electron
quark structure of the proton Protons are found in the nucleus of atoms
The number of protons in the nucleus determines the chemical properties of the atom
Protons are observed to be stable and their theoretical minimum half-life is 1×1036 year
THE NEUTRONThe Neutron is the neutral part of the atom
Discovered by Walther Bothe, Irène Joliot-Curie, Frédéric Joliot, and James Chadwick in the early 1930’s
The neutron has to do with the strong force which holds the atom together (gravity is too weak at this level to hold the nucleus together), but when an
atom is too large the atoms fall apart (this releases radiation).http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neutron
NEUTRONSWhat are their properties?
Neutrons are subatomic particles with no net electric charge
They are also found in the nucleus of an atom
Quark structure of the neutron
Neutrons consist of two down quarks and one up quark
The number of neutrons determines the isotope of an element
An electron is the negatively charged part of the atomDiscovered by J. J. Thomson in 1897
Discovered with the use of cathode ray tubeUsed in many applications such as: radiation therapy, welding, electron
microscopes, etc….
THE ELECTRON
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrons
ELECTRONSWhat are their properties?
An electron is a fundamental subatomic particle that carries a negative electric charge
An electron’s mass is approximately 1 / 1836 of the proton
Together with the atomic nuclei (protons and neutrons), electrons make up atoms
Electrons can also act as waves
Electron mean lifetime is >4.6x10^26 years
Electrons are found outside the nucleus of an atom
Nuclear and Hyphen notation
Hyphen Notation
• Hyphen notation is the written name of the element plus its mass number.
Examples
• Hydrogen-1• Helium-3• Uranium - 235
Nuclear Notation
• Uses the first letter of the element plus it’s mass number and atomic number
Examples
atomic number 1H3Mass number
Why does it matter?
• Nuclear and hyphen notation allow us to express different forms of the same isotope
• For example, there are more than one hydrogen so simply writing “hydrogen “ does not mean one specific isotope
• So by using hyphen notation, we are able to express a single isotope of hydrogen by showing it’s mass number or using nuclear notation to show hydrogen’s mass number AND atomic number
For more information
• http://teachers.popejohn.org/Mrs_Olsen/Ch3Atom/Ch.3-Atom%2005.ppt
Elemental Identities!
Q: What gives an element its identity?A: The atomic number (number of protons in the nucleus) provides a unique identity for elements because each element contains a different number of protons.Example: Atomic # is 6…..
It must be Carbon!!!!
END