28
OLYMPUS SYSTEM MICROSCOPES INSTRUCTION BHA,BHA-SW BHB &: BHB-S
OLYMPUS SYSTEM MICROSCOPES
INSTRUCTION BHA,BHA-SWMA:~:~IS BHB &: BHB-S
This instruction manual has been written for the use of the Olympus System Microscopes
Models BHA, BHA-SW, BHB and BHP SW. It is recommended that you read the manual
carefully in order to familiarize yourself fully with the use of the microscopes, so that you
can obtain the best pe, fon""~re
IMP':RTANT
Observe the following po ints carefully.
• Operation
I. !'.!ways handle the rnicroscooe with ~h .' " dre it deserves, and avoid abrupt motions.
2. Av oid exposure 0" the mic: ·;<':I...;1e to o-"ect sunlight, dust and vibration.
3. Only use the tensio-: adjus i-ent I ing for altering the tension of the coarse adjustment.
Do w.t twst the tvo coat adjustment knobs in the opposite directions simu ltaneous ly,
whio Will cause du ,'l&'~ ( '
4. / ':,.,. '.'.'P". that th i rltaqe selecto r switch on the base plate is set to conform with the
.o. >' ·',"iI',; '.0Ita9 '
~,j
5. Disconr . ;., the Iine cord from the . ver outlet for fuse replacement.
1. Lenses must alwavs ce kept clean . ·le CL- -.s should be blown or wiped
off by means of an ':ir brewer or -:;! -an b, ,~ off oil or fingerprints
deposited on the If ·,~ surfaces w' ,! ' S'" ize moistened VIII,,, 'lrnount of xylene,
alcohol or ether.
2. Do not u~,' 'lrganic solutions to wipe the surfaces of various components. Plastic parts,
especially, should be clearod with 2 neutral detergent.
3. Never disassemble t : .; mien .ope for repair.
4. The microscope shou-;'
sible, it s.iould be co'
and eyepieces in a dt ..
(0 stored in its container immediately after use. If this is not pos
!d with the vinyl dust cover provided. It is best to keep objectives
':ltor , contain ing desiccants such as sil ica gel.
CONTENTS
I. STANDARD EOUIPMENT
A. Model BHA
B. Model BHB
II. VARIOUS COMPONENTS OF THE SYSTEM MICROSCOPE SERIES BH.
III. ASSEMBLY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
IV. IDENTIFICATION AND FUNCTION 0F VARIOUS COMPONENTS
V. OPTICAL SYSTEM
1. Objectives
2. Eyepieces
3. Condensers
4. Illumination with Transmitted Light ·
A. Oblique Illumination
B. Aperture Iris Diaphragm
C. Field Iris Diaphragm
VI. ELECTRICAL EOUIPMENT
1. Adjustment of Light Intensity
2. Light Source
VII. STAGES
1. Removal of Specimen Holder
2. Rotation of Mechanical Stage with Hcw> ontal Coaxial Controls BH-SH .
3. Stage Spacer . .
VIII. OBSERVATION TUBES
1. Interpupillary Distance and Diopter Ad justments
2. Light Path Selection
IX . FOCUSING ADJUSTMENT
1. Tension Adjustment of Coarse Adjustment Kno ..s .
2. Automatic Pre-focusing Lever
X. TROUBLESHOOTING . . . .
2
3
4
5
8
8
9
13
13
14
14
15
15
15
16
16
16
16
16
17
17
18
18
18
18
19
---------------;------ .._. -_ . ._--------
I. STANDARD EQUIPMENT
A. Model BHA
Model BHA
Microscope stand with in-base transformer,
rheostat and auxiliary lens BHA-F 0 0 . 0 0 0
Revolving nosepiece BH-RE 0 0 0 0 0
Binocular tube, inclined 45° BH-BI45 0 0
Trinocular tube, inclined 45°,
Observat ion with verti cal phototube BH-TR45 0 0
tubes Super widefield trinoculartube, inclined 30°. with verti- BH-SWTR 0
cal phototube
Square mechanical stage with low drive coax ialcontrols BH-SV 0 0 0 0 0
1--.
Abbe condenser BH-CD 0 0-
Condensers Achrornatic.aplanatic conden ser BH-AAC 0 0
Super w idefield condense. BH-SWC 0._ - - -
Tungsten lamp house BH-LH 0 0 0 0 0-- -_.-
30W tungsten bulbs (3 pcs.) LS30 0 0 0 0 0. .
Ach . 4x, Ach. «».S-Ach.40x,
0 0S-Ach. 100x (oil)(set of fou r)
Plan 4x, Plan 10x, Plan 20x,
Objectives Plan 40x, Plan 100x (oil) 0 0
(set of five)--
Pian 4x, Plan IOx, Plaq 20x,Plan 40x, Plan 1OOx ((1!) (tor
0super widefield)(set of five)
-- _.... _.-
BiWF10x, paired 0 0 0 0Eyepieces ._--
BiSW1Ox, paired 0. .
P;'lOto eyepiece F K5x 0 0 0f--.
Spare fuses (2 pcs.) 0 0 0 0 0f--
Eyepiece caps (2 pes.I. 0 0 0 0
Filter, t-,C 0 0 0 0 0
lrnrnersion c.l (bottled) 0 0 0 0 0-- - _.-~
Vinyl .lust cover 0 0 0 0 0.~--._-
B. Model BHB
Model BHB
Microscope stand w ith revolving nosepiece.transformer, rheostat and aux iIiary lens BHB -F 0 0 0 0 0
Bino cular tub e, inclined 45° BH-BI45 0 0.- --
Trinocular tube , inclined 45°, 0 0Observat ion w ith vertical photot ube BH-TR45tubes Super wid ef ield tr inocular
tube , incl ined 30°, with verti -cal phototube BH-SWTR 0
Square mechanical stage w ith low drive coax ialcontro ls BH-SV 0 0 0 0 0
Abb e condenser BH-CD 0 0 0 0Condensers
Super w idefield condenser BH-SWC 0
Tungsten lamp house BH-LH 0 0 0 0 0
30W tun gsten bulbs (3 pcs.) LS30 0 0 0 0 0i
..": ~ ; .,
Ach. 4x, A ch. lOx , _. -
S-~ch . 40x , 0 0S-Ach. 100x (oil ) . . -
(set of fou r)
Plan 4x , Plan l Ox, Plan 40x ,Obj ectives Plan 100x (oil) 0 0
(set of fou r) ..
Plan 4x, Plan 'lOx, Plan 20x,Plan 40x, Plan lOOx (oil) (f or
0super w idefield)(set of five)
.. .. -BiWFlOx, pai red ". _ ."": t: 0 0 0 0
EyepiecesBiSW10x , paired
-':-!'F,:0
Phot o eyepiece FK5x 0 0 0- . . _..
Spare fuses (2 pcs.) 0 0 0 0 0-".- . ......
- -Eyepiece caps (2 pcs.) --- -~
0 0 0 0
Filter,45C - .. 0 0 0 o . 0
Immersion oil (bottled) - .. 0 0 0 0 ' 0
Vinyl dust cover 0 0 ... 0 0 0
---_._----------
2
II. VARIOUS COMPONENTS OF THE SYSTEM MICROSCOPE SERIES BH
The Oly mpu s Syste m M icroscope Series BH is composed of a modula r, buil ding-block system of var iou s components and inte rchangeable accessor ies as shown below.
A broad var iety of combin ati ons, standardi zed or optional , is avai lable accord ing to your
requ irements .
Eyepiece
Revol ving Nosepiece
Objective
Stage
Auxiliarv l.." ·r
3
Observat ion Tu be
Stand
Lamp House
Tungsten Sui b
III. ASSEIVIBLY
The pi cture below illustrates the sequent ial procedure of assembly. The numbers indi cate
the assernblv order of various components. Remove dust caps before mounting comp onents.
Take care to keep all glasssurfaces clean, and avoid scratching the surfa ces.
Nosepiece clamping screw
(on th e opposite side)
Condenser clamping knob
(on th e opposite side)
Observation tube clamping knob
I
I ® Eyepiece caps........ Q) Observat ion tube~ ® Eyepieces
® Revolv ing nosepiece
(2) Stage
@ Objectives
Q) Condenser
-=@Au xil iary lens
Insert the two pins of th e aux iliary lens
into the bushings on the microscope
stand until the lens cli cks int o position,with the conve x surfa ce (w ith engraving
"UPSIDE") facing upward .
AI igning the position ing dots on con
denser mount and condenser, insert the
condenser into the mount from below.To remove the condenser, remove the
auxiliary lens first.
Lamp house clccnr,:ng screw1-- . ..._.. __..__
Insert the lamp hou se and ~w:~ssi ng the
clamping screw at tn e oottc rn of the
base, rotate th e lamp house until the
locating no le and clampinc screw are
aliqned.
Prior to mount ing the stage, rack down
the condenser mount all the way. To re
move the stage, remove the condenser
first .
4
IV. IDENTIFICATION AND FUNCTION OF VARIOUS COMPONENTS
(The il lust rat ions below include the standard and optional components.)
Field iris diaph ragm ring
(Model BHA only )
Nosepiece clamping knob
Filter mount
Condenser center ing screw
A ccepts 45m m-diam. fi lt ers.
Clamping screw fo r stage rotati on
~ Fu se holderFor fuse replacement, unscrew the cap ofthe fuse ho lder, and replace the defect ivefuse w ith a replacement fuse.(D isconnect electrica lly before removing .)
Low vol tage output
Receptacle fo r l ine cordplug
Condenser height adjustm ent knob
Au tomat ic pre-foc usinglever
Grounding termi nal
Rheostat tr immer screw
Rotate t he trimmer screw gradu cl il y witha co in unt il the voltmeter indi cates lV,
wi th the sliding cont ro l lever positi oned
closest t o you (low voltage).
Lamp house clamp ing screw
Line vol tage selecto r swit ch
5
Mechanical tube length adjust ment r ings
Rotate the rings to match your interpupi l lary di stance set t ing obtained fr om
the scale, and correct your d iopter adjust
ment .
Interpupil lary distance scale
Ob l ique i llum ination lever
Apertu re iris d iaphrag m r ing
Vo lt meter
Pilot lamp
High/l ow magnification selecto r lever
6
Ligh t path selector knob
Pullout the select or knob al l th e way forphotom icrograph y .
Observat ion tube clamping knob
Loosen the clamping knob slight ly , and
you can change the position of th e observat ion tube as desired.
Clamp ing screws for specime n holder
Specime n holder
T ension adjustment r ing
Arrow mark ind icat esIncrease in coarse
adjust ment tens ion .
Coarse adjustment knob
Fine adjust ment kn ob
Reading z».
\ Low drive coaxial cont ro lknobs
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
F.
G.
H.
I.
J.
K.
L.
~Q)
I-::JU
immarv of Putting the Microscope in Operation
Model BHA, BHA-SWBHB. BHB-SW
Match the line voltage selector switch to local mains voltage. (See page 15.)
Switch on the light source .
Rotate the trimmer screw until the voltmeter indicates 1V. (See page 15.)
Place a specimen slide on the mechanical stage.
Coarse focus with the 1Ox objective.
Make interpupillary and diopter adjustments. (See page 17.)
Center the condenser. (See page 15.)
Swing in the desired objective.
Place the high/low magnification selector lever into correct position.
Adjust Iight intensity.
Fine focus.
Adjust aperture iri s diaphragm and field iris diaphragm. (See pages 14 and 15.)
~ustment of Illumination System for Various Objective Powers
High/low ! Ir is di aphr agmObjective
magnif ica- Auxilia ry ~--
magnifica- Condensers A pert ure Fieldt ion selec- lens diaphr agm diaphragmt iontor lever used as used as
1.3x 0 Low pOW8r condenser t.: Ap ert ure
BH-U LC H No diaph ragm2x
4x 0 Achromat ic/ap lanat ic Aperture Field
cond enser BH-AAC L diaph ragm di aphr agmlO x
0 A bbe co ndenser
20x BH-CD Yes
40x0 Super widef ield con- H
denser BH-SWC
100x
*Cut off th is page at dotted line and put it on the wall near the microscop e for use as a
remind er of microscopi c procedur e.
7
v. OPTICAL SYSTEM
The optical system of the Series BH is divided into five sections: Objectives, observationtubes, eyepieces, illumination and photomicrographic equipment. The following is the briefing of the objectives, eyepieces and illumination equipment .
1. Objectives
A. Types
o Achrornat:Literally color-free. The achromat passes white light without separating it int o its different color components. An image formed by an achromat will not be surrounded bycolor fringes. Recommended for general use.
o Fluorite (FI) (or serni-apochrornat):The name "fluorite" is derived from the mineral used in lens manufacture. It makes.possible the attainment of a high order of correction for two colors chromatically andtwo colors spherically , and possesses excellent resolution, suited for photomicrography , as well as for bacteria and blood tests, chromosome examination, etc.
o Apochromat (Apo} :
An objective corrected chromatically for three colors and spherically for two colors.These correct ions are superior to those of the achromatic series of lenses. Fieldcurvature is still present . For research use.
o Plan Achromat (Plan) :Chromatic aberration is corrected for two colors, hence the other colors of the secondary spectrum are not brought to the same focus . This objective is capable of producing a flat image to the edge of the field . It is therefore invaluable tor the visual observation and photomicrography of flat objects such as stained smears and sections ..
o Plan Apochromat (Plan Apo) :Capable of producing a flat image to the edge of th e field, excell ent resolution. Freeof field curvature. Chromatic aberrat ion is corrected for three colors, and sphericalaberration corrected for two colors. Highest classsuitable for research use,
B. How to Use
o Immersion Objective (engraved "HI" for homogeneous immersion)To utilize the full numerical aperture of an immersi on objective, the objective, specimen and condenser are immersed in an immersion liquid .
(1) Focus on the specimen with a low power objective.
(2) Put a drop of immersion oil on both the specimen and the objective front lens.
(3) Turn the revolving nosepiece to bring the immersion objective into the light path,and focus with the fine adjustment knob.NOTE: Care should be taken to prevent oil bubbles from forming in the oil film
between condenser, specimen slide and objective.
(4) After use, carefully wipe off the immersion oil deposited on the lens surfaces withgauze moistened with xylene.Never leave oil on the lens surfaces after use as oil remnants will seriously impairthe performance of the lens systems.
o Cover GlassThe cover glass is placed over the object. Olympus objectives with an engraving "0.17"are corrected for use of cover glasses of 0.17mm thickness (No . 1\12), It is essential touse only No. 1% cover glasses with dry objectives of N.A. 0.7 and higher which are notequipped with a correction collar.
8
o Specimen Slide
It is recommended to use specimen slides of O.8mm to 1.5mm thickness.
o Special Objectives
Objectives with Iris DiaphragmA small iris diaphragm is bui lt into the obje ctive. It is used in darkfield observations andserves to match the objective N.A. with the N.A. of the darkfield cond enser.
Objectives with Correction CollarAn adjustable collar is provided to move the back elements of the objective farther awayor clo ser to the front lens or lenses to spher ically correct for a th inner or th icker coverglass. The graduations on the collar read directly in hund redths of a millimeter so thatadjustments can be made for variations in thickness of cover glasses.
How to Use:Set the col lar at O.17mm and then turn it in ei ther d irect ion while looking through th emicroscope and fine focusing on the specimen . Th e image will either get sharper or become less dist inct , depending upon whether the change is being made in the right direction or not.
No Cover ObjectivesDesigned for observation of smears without a cover glass.
2. Eyepieces
The eyepieces available in the Series BH are com puted to correct slight residual errors leftuncorrected in the objectives and designed to f urt her magnif y th e pri mary image from theob jective. limiting th e field as viewed by the eye.
A. T','!J9s
o Wid"lfield Eyepiece (WF) :Color correc ted and flat, wide field; high eyepoint , convenient for observers wearingeyeglasses.
o Compensating Eyepiec e (K) :
Cor rected for chromati c aberrat ion and ast igmati sm. For use with high power ob jectives.
o Super Widef ield Eyepiece (SW):
For s ~ l pe r widefield view ing, provid ing a field of view twi ce as large as a standard eyepiece.Used together with a super w idefield observat ion tube and super widefiel d obj ectives.
o Photo Eyepie ce (FK):
For phot omicrographic use. Ful ly corre cted fo r fi eld fl atn ess in combination with allOlympus obj ect ives.
* The eyepieces mentioned above can be used with drop-in eyepiece microm eter discs.
@ Use of Eyepiece Cap (for standard eyepiece)
The eyepiece cap is recommended for those who wear eyeglasses. It prevents damage tothe eyeglasses.
@ Use of Eyepiece with Eye Shield
The eyep iece WFlOx incorporates a sliding eye shield. Th is eye shield can be pulled out toprevent glare and 10 , 3 Of cont rast caused by ambient light hitting the eye lens. .
9
o
•O
pti
cal
Dat
a(f
or
stan
dar
dfi
eld
of
view
)
Obj
ecti
veT
ype
Ac
hro
ma
tF
luor
ite
Pla
nA
chro
mat
Mag
ni.
4xlO
x2
0x
S40
x60
xS
10
0x
1100
xS
FL
SF
LP
lan
Pla
nP
lan
Pla
nP
lan
Pla
nP
lan
....
40x
10
0x"
1.3
x2x
4x
**
·lO
x··
·20
x··
·40
x··
·10
0x"
N.A
.0
.10
0.2
50
.40
0.6
50
.80
1.30
1.30
0.7
51.
300
.03
0.0
50
.10
0.2
50
.40
0.6
51.
25W
.D.(
mm
)19
.87
5.4
01.
58
0.39
0.2
60
.11
0.1
10
.49
0.1
01
9.9
218
.29
5.5
07
.18
0.7
80
.22
0.1
4F
oca
lL
engt
h29
.20
15.9
88
.13
4.31
2.8
51.
811.
814
.29
1.8
03
1.9
33
7.9
131
.31
17.4
88.
11
4.3
81.
65Ir
nrnl
Res
olvi
ng
Pow
er"
3.4
1.3
0.8
40
.55
0.4
20
.26
0.2
60
.45
0.2
61
1.2
6.7
3.4
1.3
0.8
40
.52
0.2
7(f
.1)
Rem
ark
sS
prin
g-S
pri
ng
-D
iaoh
-S
pri
ng.
Sp
rin
g-
Sp
rin
q-
Sp
rin
q-S
prin
q-E
yep
iece
load
edlo
aded
ragm
load
edlo
aded
load
edlo
aded
load
ed
BiK
5x
Tot
al20
x5
0x
100x
20
0x
30
0x
50
0x50
0x
20
0x
500
x6.
5x
lOx
20x
50x
100
x2
00
x5
00
x(F
ield
Ma
gni.
Nu
mb
er
Fo
cal
21)
Dep
th30
0.0
48
.015
.56
4.9
92
.83
1.05
1.0
54
.19
1.05
31
1512
00
30
048
.015
.56
4.9
91
.10
(f.1
)F
ield
ofV
iew
5.2
52.
11.
050.
53
0.3
50.
210
.21
0.5
30
.21
16.1
510
.55
.25
2.1
1.05
0.5
30
.21
(rn
rn)
BiW
F1
0x
Tot
al40
x10
0x
20
0x
40
0x6
00
x10
00x
100
0x
40
0x
10
00
x13
x2
0x40
x1
00
x2
00
x4
00
x1
00
0x
(18)
Mag
ni.
Fo
cal
De
pth
172
.52
7.6
09.
19
3.0
31.
770
.66
0.6
62
.49
0.6
618
08
690
172.
52
7.6
09
.19
3.0
30
.7(f
.1)
Fie
ldo
fV
iew
4.5
1.8
0.9
0.4
50
.30
.18
0.1
80
.45
0.1
81
3.8
59
.04.
51.
80.
90
.45
0.1
8(r
nml
BiW
F1
5x
To
tal
60
x15
0x
30
0x
600
x9
00
x1
50
0x
1500
x6
00
x1
50
0x
19.5
x30
x60
x15
0x
30
0x6
00
x1
50
0x
(12)
Mag
ni.
Foc
alD
ep
th1
30
.020
.80
7.0
62.
371.
410
.53
0.5
31
.93
0.5
313
7252
013
02
0.8
07
.06
2.3
70
.56
(f.1
)F
ield
of
Vie
w3
.01.
20
.60
.30
.20
.12
0.1
20
.30
.12
9.2
36
.03.
01.
20.
60.
30
.12
(rnr
nl
BiK
20
xT
ota
l80
x2
00
x4
00
x80
0xI
T20
0x2
00
0x
20
00
x8
00
x2
00
0x
26x
40
x80
x2
00
x4
00
x8
00
x2
00
0x
(7.5
)M
ag
ni.
IF
oca
lD
ep
th1
08
.75
1'1.
406.
02.
05
1.23
0.4
6Q'
.46
1.62
10
.46
11
54
43
510
8.7
17
.40
6.0
2.0
50
.49
(f.1
)
I0.
38I0.
19F
ield
of
iV
iew
1.8
80
.75
I0
.19
0.1
30
.08
0.0
8i0
.08
5.77
3.7
51.
880
.75
0.3
80
.19
0.0
8(m
m)
"Th
ere
solv
ing
po
wer
iso
bta
ined
wh
en
the
obj
ectiv
eis
usen
atth
efu
lla
pe
rtu
red
iaph
ragm
...
Imm
ers
ion
obj
ecti
ves.
"'T
he
se
'obj
ect
ives
are
capa
ble
ofsu
per
wid
efie
ldo
bser
vati
onas
wel
las
sta
nd
ard
obs
erva
tio
n.
Ob
ject
ive
Ty
peA
po
chro
mat
Pla
nA
poch
rom
atN
oC
over
Mag
ni.
Ap
o40
xA
po
40x
Pla
nA
po
Pla
nA
poP
lan
Apo
No
Cov
erN
oC
ove
r
**4
x**
*10
x*
**
20
x**
*4
0x
FL
40
x
NA
0.8
51.
00
.16
0.3
20
.65
0.6
50
.75
W.D
.(m
m)
0.2
30
.19
4.3
50
.16
0.1
40
.71
0.5
3F
oca
lL
engt
h4.
334
.38
27.8
C14
.18
7.5
64.
184
.42
(mm
)R
eso
lvin
g0.
390.
34
2.1
1.0
50
.52
0.5
20
.45
Pow
er*(j
.J.)
Cor
rect
ion
Spr
ing-
Spr
ing-
Spr
ing-
Rem
arks
colla
r;S
pr-
load
ed;
load
edlo
aded
Ey
epie
cein
g-Io
aded
Dia
phra
gm
BiK
5x
Tot
al
Mag
ni.
200
x2
00
x20
x50
x10
0x
20
0x
2 00
x(F
ield
Fo
cal
3.6
23.
00
176.
9E
36.2
78
.91
3.3
32.
79N
umbe
rD
epth
tu)
21)
Fie
ldof
0.5
30
.53
5.25
2.1
1.05
0.5
30.
53V
iew
(mm
)
BiW
F1
0x
To
talM
agn
i.4
00x
400x
40x
100x
200x
400x
400x
(18)
Fo
cal
2.1
21.
73
97.
27
20.3
34
.99
2.0
21.
66
Dep
th(j.
J.)
Fie
ldo
f0
.45
0.45
4.5
1.8
0.9
0.4
50
.45
Vie
w(m
m)
BiW
F15
xT
ota
lM
agn
i.6
00
x60
0x
60x
150
x30
0x60
0x
600
x(1
2)F
ocal
1.62
1.3
070
.70
15.0
23
.68
1.5
81.
29D
epth
(j.J.
)F
ield
of
0.3
0.3
3.0
1.2
0.6
0.3
0.3
Vie
w(m
m)
BiK
20
xT
ota
lMag
ni.
800
x8
00
x80
x2
00
x4
00
x80
0x80
0x
(7.5
)F
oca
l1.
371.
09
57.4
212
.36
3.03
1.3
61.
09
Dep
th(j.J
.)F
ield
of0
.19
0.1
91.
88
0.7
50.
38
0.1
90.
19V
iew
(mm
}
*T
he
reso
lvin
gpo
we
ris
ob
tain
edw
hen
the
obje
ctiv
eis
used
atth
efu
llap
ertu
red
iaph
ragm
.*
*Im
me
rsio
nob
ject
ives
.H
*T
hes
eob
ject
ives
are
cap
able
ofsu
per
wid
efi
eld
obse
rvat
ion
asw
ell
asst
anda
rdo
bse
rvat
ion
.
N
•O
pti
cal
Dat
a(f
or
sup
erw
idef
ield
ob
serv
atio
n)
Ob
ject
ive
Typ
eP
lan
Ach
rom
at
Pla
nA
po
chro
ma
t
**M
agni
.P
lan
4xP
lan
lOx
Pla
n20
xP
lan
40
xP
lan
10
0x
Pla
nA
po
Pla
nA
po
Pla
nA
po
4xlO
x20
xN
A0
.10
0.2
50
.40
0.6
51
.25
0.16
0.3
20
.05
W.D
.(m
m)
5.5
07.
180.
780
.22
0.0
84
.35
0.1
60
.14
Foc
alLe
ngth
(mm
):.'
\1.3
11
7.4
58.
114
.38
1.59
27
.80
14
.18
7.56
Res
olvi
ngP
ow
er*
3.4
1.3
0.8
40
.52
0.2
92.
11.
050
.52
Rem
arks
Spr
ing-
Spr
ing-
Sp
rin
g-
Spr
ing-
Spr
ing-
Eye
piec
elo
aded
load
edlo
aded
load
edlo
aded
BiS
W7x
To
tal
28x
70
x14
0x2
80
x7
00
x2
8x
70x
140x
(Fie
ldM
agni
.N
um
be
rF
ocal
22
7.1
43
6.3
41
1.9
23.
870.
871
31
.42
27
.16
6.67
29)
De
pth
(,u
)F
ield
of7
.25
2.9
1.45
0.7
30
.29
7.25
2.9
1.45
Vie
w(m
m)
BiS
W1
0x
To
tal
40
x1
00
x2
00
x4
00
x1
00
0x
40
x10
0x2
00
x(2
6.5
)M
agni
.F
ocal
17
2.5
27
.69
.19
3.0
30.
79
7.2
72
0.3
34
.99
De
pth
(,u
)F
ield
of6
.63
2.6
51.
330
.66
0.2
76
.63
2.6
51.
33V
iew
(mm
)
*T
here
solv
inq
po
we
ris
ob
tain
ed
whe
nth
eo
bje
ctiv
eis
used
atth
eop
ena
pe
rtu
red
iap
hra
gm
.*
*Im
me
rsio
no
bje
ctiv
e.
•N
om
en
cla
ture
ofO
pti
cal
Co
mp
on
en
ts.
oW
ork
ing
Dis
tan
ce:'
The
dist
ance
fro
mth
esp
ecim
enor
cove
rgl
ass
toth
ene
ares
tp
oin
tof
the
ob
ject
ive
.A
long
erw
ork
ing
dist
ance
isco
nve
nie
nt
toav
oid
dam
age
toth
eo
bje
ctiv
efr
on
tle
ns,s
peci
men
orsu
bsta
geco
nden
ser
orw
hen
usin
ga
thic
ker
slid
e,e.
q,a
blo
od
cou
nti
ng
cham
ber.
•hJ
umer
ical
Ap
ert
ure
:G
en
era
llyab
brev
iate
dN
.A.
Am
ath
em
atic
al
rela
tion
ship
tha
td
ire
ctly
conn
ects
the
reso
lvin
gp
ow
er
and
the
ligh
t-g
ath
eri
ng
po
we
ro
fan
ob
ject
ive
wit
hits
ap
ert
ure
.N
um
eri
cal
ap
ert
ure
isth
ep
rod
uct
ofth
esi
neo
fh
alf
the
angu
lar
ap
ert
ure
ofa
lens
,an
dth
ere
fra
ctiv
ein
de
xo
fth
em
ed
ium
thro
ug
hw
hic
hth
elig
ht
pass
es.
Itis
ave
ryim
po
rta
nt
con
sta
nt
for
high
po
we
rle
nses
.The
N.A
.va
lues
can
beus
edfo
rd
ire
ctly
com
pa
rin
gth
ere
solv
ing
po
we
ro
fal
lty
pe
sof
ob
ject
ive
s,d
ry,
wa
ter
oroi
lim
me
rsio
n.
oR
esol
ving
Pow
er:
The
ab
ility
ofa
lens
tore
gist
ersm
all
de
tails
.R
esol
ving
po
we
ris
ofvi
tal
imp
ort
an
cein
crit
ica
lm
icro
sco
py.
The
reso
lvin
gp
ow
er
of
ale
nsis
mea
sure
dby
itsa
bili
tyto
sepa
rate
two
po
ints
(line
stru
ctu
rein
the
ob
ject
may
beco
nsid
ered
asa
row
ofp
oin
ts).
The
reso
lvin
gp
ow
er
of
am
i-cr
osco
peis
now
plac
edat
RK
Wav
elen
gth"
Kt
t=
=co
nsan
NA
The
visi
ble
wa
ve
len
gth
"of
the
ligh
te
mp
loye
dis
40
0m
,uto
700m
,u.
Dec
reas
ing
the
wav
elen
gth
of
the
ligh
te
mp
loye
din
crea
ses
the
reso
lvin
gp
ow
er.
The
hig
he
rth
ere
solv
ing
po
we
ro
fan
ob
ject
ive
,th
ecl
oser
the
imag
ew
illbe
toth
etr
ue
stru
ctu
reo
fth
eo
bje
ct.
oF
ocal
De
pth
:T
hed
ista
nce
betw
een
the
uppe
ran
dlo
we
rlim
its
ofsh
arpn
ess
inth
eim
age
form
ed
byan
op
tica
lsy
stem
iste
rmed
"fo
cal
de
pth
."S
tru
ctu
res
ou
tsid
eth
ese
limit
sar
em
ore
orle
ssb
lurr
ed
and
wit
hlo
wp
ow
er
ob
ject
ive
sar
eap
tto
inte
rfe
rew
ith
the
imag
ein
focu
s.La
cko
ffo
cal
de
pth
ism
ost
ap
pa
ren
tin
ph
oto
mic
rog
rap
hy,
part
icu
larl
vw
ith
low
po
we
ro
bje
ctiv
es,
asth
eim
age
isp
roje
cte
don
the
film
inon
epl
ace.
(In
mic
ron
.)o
Fie
ldN
um
be
r:A
nu
mb
er
tha
tre
pres
ents
the
dia
me
ter
inm
mo
fth
eim
age
ofth
efie
ldd
iap
hra
gm
tha
tis
form
ed
byth
ele
nsin
fro
nt
ofit.
oF
ield
-of-
Vie
wD
iam
ete
r:T
heac
tual
size
ofth
efie
ldof
view
inm
m.
Thi
.d
.d
fF
ield
nu
mb
er
ofey
epie
ceIS
ISer
rve
rom
Pow
ero
fo
bje
ctiv
e
3. Condensers
Th e condensers available with th e Series BH are designed to slip into the ring mount and arelocked with a clamping screw . They permi t rapid interchange for d ifferent mod es of microscopy , e.q, br ightfield, darkfi eld , immersion or dry, super widefield , phasecontrast , w ith lowto high power object ives.
A. Types
o Abbe Condenser BH-CD :
N.A. 1.25, for objectives f rom 4x to 1OOx, with aperture diaphr agm, scale graduated inmm. For general use.
o Achromatic/aplanati c Cond enser BH-AAC:I\I.A. 1.40. Th is conden ser is corrected for chromat ic aberrat ion, spherical aberr ati on andfield curvature, and is provided with a graduat ed, aperture iri s diaphragm, decenterablefor obli que i llumination . It is recommended for work with high quality apochromats andplan apochromats.
o Super Widefi eld Conden ser BH-SWC:N.A. 0.9 5, for super widefield observat ion with obj ectives fr om 4x to 100x. The condenser should not be immersed for use with lOOx object ive. If it is desired to fully utilizethe N.A. of the 100x object ive, it is recomm ended to use th e achromatic/aplanatic condenser.
o Low Power Condenser BH-U LC:N.A. 0 .1, for objectives Plan 1.3x and Plan 2x, 4x objectives can also be used.
o Darkfield Condensers BH-DC:Th e darkf ield condensers include th e imm ersion darkfield cond enser N.A. 1.2-1 .4,BH-DCW and the dry dark field condenser N.A. 0.8 -0.92, BH-DCD. The Model BH-DCWis recommended for wor k with obj ectives 40 x to 100x, wh ile the Model BH·DCD worksbest with objectives 4x to 40x.
4. Illumination with Transmitted Light
Objective
Auxiliary lens
Field iris diaphragm
Mirror
Eyepiece
Prism for Iight path selection
lL .
I . ---.. ,
_.._ ..~ !
Collector lens
Heat absorbing filter
"--"--"~"-- ' --"'-Lr~-'
High/low magnificationselectorsystems
13
For best results, the specimen must be correctly illuminated. The illumination system adopted in the Series BH is based on the Koehler principle to obtain maximum light intensity ofthe light source at full numerical aperture of all the objectives, in conjunction with a high/low magnification selector system.
As shown in the drawing above, the filament of the bulb forms, through the collector lens,an image at the aperture iris diaphragm. This image, located at about the same place as thefront focal point of the condenser, is projected by the objective to the rear focal point ofthe objective, that is, in the exit pupil of the objective. Since this image is then projectedinto the observer's pupil, it is completely invisible to the observer, hence, illumination freefrom "irregularities" is obtained.
A. Oblique Illumination
The achromatic/aplanatic condenser N.A. 1.40 has extremely high resolving power and provision for oblique illumination.With oblique illumination, the resolving power can be doubled. If it is desired to identifytwo points very close to each other, the aperture diaphragm is moved parallel to the straightline connecting the two points. On the contrary, if the diaphragm is moved at right angles tothe connecting line, the resolving power decreases.
• • ~ Sliding direction of iris diaphragm
\L----Details or points to be identified
B. Aperture Iris Diaphragm
Objective
70 -80%
30-20%
An aperture diaphragm opened too wide impairs image contrast due to internal reflections and related factors. On the other hand, if the diaphragm is stopped down excessively, resolution is unduly reduced. It is therefore suggested that you match the opening ofthe aperture iris diaphragm to the numerical aperture of the objective in use, in order toachieve optimum objective performance. However, since microscopic specimens generally
are low in contrast, their image lacks contrast if theobjective is used with its full numerical aperture.Therefore, it is often preferable to stop down theaperture diaphragm slightly more than indicated bythe objective N.A. This will result in increased imagecontrast, larger depth of focus and a flatter field.On the other hand, stopping down too much impairsresolution. An aperture setting of 0.7x the N.A. ofthe objective is recommended. If the numerical aperture of the objective is 1, for instance, you may want
to set the scale to 0.7.*This procedure must be repeated each time the
objectives are changed.
14
C. Field Iris Diaphragm
The field iri s diaphragm contro ls t he diameter of th e ray bundle impinging on th especimen surf ace and thu s increases image definition.
For cent rat ion of th e fi eld diaph ragm: (F ig. 1)
(1) Turn th e high/low magnif icat ion lever (1) to posit ion "L".
(2) Place a specim en on th e mechanica l stage and useth e objective lO x t o brin g th e speci men in fo cus.
(3) Sto p down th e fi eld iris diaphragm with knur ledring @ . A sl ightl y blurred im age of the f ielddiaphragm can now be seen in the eyep ieee.
(4) Move the condenser up and down to foc us on theimage of th e fi eld d iaphragm. Fig. 1
(5) Wh ile wi deni ng the di ameter of th e f ield progressively . use the cond enser centering kn obs ® tobri ng th e diaphragm image into the cente r of the fiel d of view . If th e po lygonalimage of the iris di aphragm becomes inscribed in th e fi eld it means th at th e fieldiaphragm is centered . Slight ly increase di ameter of th e f ield ir is diap hragm un t il i tis ju st outside the fi eld o f view. (Fig.2)
Fig.2
.:....•.O...·.·..·'·'·""".'.'.'.:V- -0VI. ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT
1. Adjustment of Light Intensity
The minimum voltage required for th e light source can be adjusted w it h t he rheostattrimmer screw at th e bo ttom of the microscop e base in accordance w it h th e li ne voltageand frequ ency . A silic on cont ro l led rectifier (SCR) is prov ided for output voltage cont rol.The SCR has th e f ollowing advantages over conven tional rheostat cont ro ls:
<D Extremely f ine adju stm ent of light intensity can be easily achi eved.
@ Flick ering of the bul b filament is eliminated and light in tensity is stabi l ized.
® Increased l ife expectancy of th e bul b.
@ Adjustment of Minimum Line Voltage
(1) A scertain that the vo ltage selector sw itch is set to conform with the local mainsvoltage. (Th is sw itc h can be turned with a co in, and can be set to the followingvoltages : 100V-l10V-120Vor 220V-240V.)
(2) Ascert ain that the sl idi ng control lever is posit ion ed closest to you (low vo ltage),and then activate th e main sw itc h. Th e pilot lamp lights up.
(3) If the bulb is di mmly lit, and t he voltmeter indicates about 1V, the secondaryvoltage is co rrect, and you have only to push th e sliding cont ro l lever forward inorder to obtain opt imum light intensity .
(4) If the bulb does not light or lights up br ightly immediately after sw itch ing on,rotate the rh eostat tr immer screw gradually with a coin, until the voltmete r ind icates about lV.
15
2. Light Source
The standa rd l ight source incorporates a 30W pre-centered tungsten fila ment bul b, pro
vided with a socket for posi t ive contac t , el iminati ng th e probl ems of defective contactand over-heat ing.
When used at t he rated vo ltage 6V , t he average life of the tu ngsten bulb LS30 is longer
than 200 hours. Th is is, however , great ly reduced, if the bu lb is used at higher vo ltage;
fo r instance, t he bulb li fe is reduced t o 1/50 at SV . Therefore, it is advisable to avoidpro longed use at readings over 6V (i n th e red zone) .
If the light source should be used at h igh volt age constant ly , it is recom mended to use a
high intensity halogen bu lb.
*00 not switch the tu ngsten bu lb on w ith th e sliding cont ro l lever at high inte nsity posi
ti on (away from the user). It reduces bu lb li fe.
VII. STAGES
1. Removal of Specimen Holder
Th e standard mechanical stage is provided wi th a spring -loaded specim en holder, whichis capab le of ho ld ing a specimen up to 55mm x 85mm in size. This specimen hol der is
removab le t o ob tain a large unobstructed stage surface.
2. Rotat ion of Mechanical Stage with Horizontal Coaxial Controls BH-SH
Th e mechanical stage BH-SH is ro tatable when mou ntedon th e microscope stand in the standard positi on. I f i t isnecessary , however, to increase the ro tat ion angle, it isrecommended to mou nt the stage in th e manner show n
in Fig. 3.
3. Stage Spacer
In ord er to prevent interf erence between ob jectives and
specimen holder it is recommended to use the stage
spacer provi ded and mount it in the manner shown in
Fig. 4, pr ior to placing th e specimen on th e stage. Thisprocedure is part icularl y important in case the stage
w it h horizon tal coax ial controls is used.
16
Fig.3
Fig.4
VIII. OBSERVATION TUBES
1. Interpupillary Distance and Diopter Adjustments
A. Observation Tubes BH-BI45 and BH·TR45
(1) Hold the knurled dove tail sl ides CD of the rightand left eyepiece tubes with bot h hands and push
the tubes together , or pull them apart laterally,whi chever is requ ired, whi le lookin g through t he
eyepieces w it h bot h eyes, until perfect b inocula r
vision is obtai ned. (Fig . 5)
(2) Memo rize yo ur interpu pillary distance setti ng.
Scale ® is pro vided for th is pur pose.
Fig.5(3 ) Rotate the tube length adjust ment r ing @ on th e
righ t eyepiece tube to match your inte rpupi llary
d istance set ti ng whi ch you obta ined f rom the
scale.
(4) Look at the image thro ugh th e right eyepiece w ith yo ur r ight eye and f ocus on the
specimen with the f ine adjust ment knobs.
(5) Next, look at the image th rough t he left eyepiece w it h you r left eye and rot ate t hetube length adjust ment ring @ to f ocus on the specimen wi t hout using the coarse
and fi ne adjustment knobs.*The mechanical tube length of the Olympus bio logical micr oscop e is standar dized
at 160mm .
B. Super Widefield Observation Tube BH-SWTR
(1) Looking through th e eyep ieces with both eyes,
adju st the interpup il lary d istance, sl id ing the
knurled dov et ail sl ides CD of the right and left eyep iece tube s, until perf ect bino cular vision is ob
tained. Th en, looking th rough the right eyepiecewith you r right eye, fo cus on t he edge of th e fie ld
of view with the knu rled r ing ® of th e right eyep iece. (Fig.6)
*If you know yo ur dioptral constant , match th e
scale on th e eyepi ece tu be to it. Fig.6
(2) Lo ok at th e image through the r ight eyepiece with you r righ t eye and focus on th especim en with the f ine adju stment knobs.
(3) Next , look at th e image through th e left eyepiece with y our left eye and rotate th e
knurled ri ng @ of the left eyep iece to focus on th e specimen w it hout using thecoarse and fine adjustm ent kn obs.
17
2. Light Path Select ion
The t r inocul ar observation tubes are provided with a light path selector lever to direct thelight to t he observati on tu be or to the photo tub e.
Lever posit ion Amount of l ight I Appl icat ion
Pushed in all the way 100% into binocular tube (1) Observation
(2) Dark specimens
Pull ed out all the way 20% into binocul ar tube (1 ) Photomicro qrsohv
80% into photo t ube (2) Observati on of exces-sively bright specim ens
IX. FOCUSING ADJUSTMENT
1. Tension Adju stment of Coarse Adjustm ent Knobs(Fig. 7)
A tension adjust ment ri ng Q) is provi ded next to th e
right hand coarse adjust ment knob. With thi s device th eten sion of th e coarse adjustment is fr eely adjustable f or
eithe r heavy or light movement depend ing on operatorpreference.However , do not loosen th e ten sion adjust ment ring too
much, because the stage drops or the f ine adjustmentknobs sl ip easi ly .
* Be carefu l not to rot ate th e right and lef t coarse adju stment knobs in the opposite direct ions simultaneously .
2. Automatic Pre-focusing Lever (Fig. 8)
This lever CD is provided to prevent possible con
tact between specimen and object ive as well as tosimp l ify coarse foc using . Th e lever is lock ed after coarse
focus has been accomplished. T his prevents fur ther up
ward t ravel of the stage by means of t he coarse adjust
ment knobs, and aut om at ically provides a limit ing st op
if the stage is lowered and then raised again. Th e auto
mat ic pre-foc using lever does not restrict f ine focus ing.
18
Fig.7
Fig.8
X. TROUBLESHOOTING
Tro ubles Causes Remed ies
1. Opt ical System
(a) With the illu min ator The h igh/l ow magnificat ion selec- Place th e lever in correct positi on.
sw itched on , the tor lever is not cor rect ly positioned.
fie ld of view cannot The f ield iris diaph ragm is not Open th e fi eld d iaphragm fu l ly .be seen. opened suff icient ly .
The condenser is lowered excessive- Raise the condenser to the upp erlv . li mit .
With the achr omat ic/aplanat ic con- Re-positi on the sli de correct ly .denser , the slide for ob liqu e il-lumi nat ion is pul led out.
(b) Th e field of view is The l ight path selector lever is Push the lever all the way .cut off or ill uminat- stopped midway.ed irregularly.
The hi gh/l ow magnifica t ion selec- Place the lever all t he way .tor lever is not correct ly positioned.
The auxi liary lens is not correct ly Cor rect the lens position .attac hed.
The nosepiece is no t cl ick st opped. Slight ly rotate the nosepiece un t ilit cl icks into posit ion.
(With BHA) the nosepiece is not Insert t he sl idi ng dovetail mountcorrect ly attached to the stand . into the stand al l the way , un t il it
stops, th en lock.
An incorrect conden ser is used. In case of SW observat ion, use theSW condenser.
The condenser is no t correctly Re-insert the condenser all the way,mounted on the ri ng mount. unt il it stops.
(Wit h the ach romat ic/aplanat ic can- Re-posit ion the sl ide corre ctl y .denser) sl ide for ob l ique ill umina-t ion is pu lled out.
Th e fi eld ir is diaph ragm is stop ped Open the diaphragm ful ly.dow n excessively .
The lamp is not correct ly attached. Re-insert the lamp correct ly .
(c) Dust or di rt is visibl e Dust or dirt on the glass surface at Clean off the dust or d irt.in t he f ield of view . the Iight exit on the base.
Dust on object ive fron t lens.
Di rty spec imens.
Dust on eyepiece.
(d) Excessive image con- The condenser is lowered excessive- Raise th e condenser.tr ast. lv.
Th e apertu re iris diaphragm is st op- Open the diaphragm.ped dow n excessively .
The aux il iary lens is not mounted. Mount the aux ilia ry lens.
Th e high/l ow magnificat ion selec- Place the lever in cor rect posit ion.tor lever is not correct ly posit ioned.
19
T rou bles Causes Remedies
(e) Resol uti o n pro- (With BHA ) th e nosepiece is not Insert th e sliding dovetail mountblems: cor rect ly at tached. all the way , unt il it sto ps, th en lock.
o Image is not sharp.Th e objecti ve is not correct ly posi- Slight ly rotate the nosepiece unti l
o Insuff icient cont rast .o Image detail s lack
t ioned in th e Iight pat h. it cli cks into posi t ion.
def in it ion . The correct ion coll ar of th e objec- Re-adjust it .tive is not cor rect ly adjusted .
Dirt on objecti ve front lens. Clean th e ob ject ive.
The immersion obj ect ive is used Appl y im mersion oi l .wi thout immersion o il.
Bubbles in the immersion oil. Remove bubbles.
The Oly mpus designated oil is not Use th e designated o il.used.
Dirty specimen.Clean.
Dirt on condenser lens.
Th e specimen is not properly il- Ad just the ill umination.
luminated .
(f) The f ield of view is (With BHA) the nosepiece is not Insert the sli di ng dovetai l mountpart ially out of correct Iy attac hed. into th e stand all th e way , th enfoc us. lock.
Th e ob jecti ve is not correct ly posi- Slight ly rota te t he nosepiece un ti ltioned in th e l ight pat h. it clicks into posit ion .
Th e specimen is not co rrect ly posi- Place th e specimen on th e stagetioned on the stage. and secure it wi th th e specimen
ho lder.
(g) The image goes out (With BHAl th e nosep iece is not Insert th e slid ing dovetail mo unt allof foc us eccentr ical- cor rect ly attached. th e way, until it stops, th en lock.
lv .
The obj ecti ve is not correct ly posi- Slight ly ro tate th e nosepiece unt iltioned in the light pat h. it clicks in to posit io n.
Th e condenser is ou t of center. Center the condenser.
With th e achromatic /ap lanat ic con- Re-posit ion th e slide correct ly .denser, the slide for obl ique il-luminat ion is pu l led out .
T he aux iliary lens is not correct ly Mount th e lens cor rect ly.mounted.
The hi gh/l ow magnificat ion selec- Place the lever in correct posit ion .tor lever is stopped midway .
(h) When objec t ives are The mechanical tube length is not Adjust wi th the tu be length adjust -
changed, they are correct ly adjusted. ment r ings on the observation tube.
not parf ocal.
(i) Light inte nsity does The con denser is not cor rectly cen- Cente r th e condenser.
not increase al- tered .th ough the voltage
Th e condenser is lowered Raise th e cond enser.exces-is raised. sivelv .
20
T roubles Causes Remedi es
2. Electri c System
(a) The il luminator is The rheostat tr immer screw is not Adjust th e trimmer screw to matchtoo bright (or too matched to the mai ns voltage. th e mains voltage.dark).
The mains vo ltage is too high (or Adj ust the main s vol tage with atoo low) . variable vo ltage t ransform er.
The rheostat t r immer screw is not Adjust t he t r im mer screw un t i l th ecorrectly adjusted . voltmeter indicates 1V.
(b) Cutpu t voltage for The voltage selecto r swi tch is not Match t he vo lt age selector swi tchthe i lluminator can- matched to the rr-a ins voltage. to the mains vol tage.not be regulated .
Th e mains vol tage is too low or Adjust the mains voltage wi t h ato o high. variabl e vo ltage transformer.
(c) The light fl ickers The mains voltage is unstabl e. Use a variable vo ltage tra nsfo rmer.and the int ensity is Th e filam ent of the bul b is like ly Replace the bu lb.unstable.
to burn out.
Loose elect r ical con nect ion . Secure th e connect ion.
(d) Fuse burns out too The fuse is not a standard fuse. Use a standard fuse.often. The voltage selector sw itch is not Match th e switch to the mains
matched to the mains vol tage. vo ltage.
(e) The pi lot lamp l ight sbut th e bu lb does The bu lb is burned out . Replace the bu lb.
not. Loose elect r ical connecti on. Secur e th e connecti on.
(fl Reduced bul b li fe. The voltage selector sw itch is not Match the selector switch to t hemat ched to t he mains voltage. mains voltage.
Th e bulb is not a standard bul b. Use a standard bulb.
Mai ns voltage is too h igh. Use th e tungs ten bul b under 6V aswell as possible, or use a highinten sity bulb , such as a halogenbulb .
-3. Focusing
(a) Coarse adj ustment is Tension adjustment ring is ti ghten- Loosen t he tension adjust ment r ingtoo tigh t . ed too much. properl y.
The user is try ing to raise t he stage Unl ock the pre-focusing lever.passing over th e upper focu singl imit imposed by the engaged pre-focusin g lever.
(b) The stage drops and Th e tension adjustment ring is too T ight en t he r ing properly.the specime n goes loose.ou t of focus.
(c) The stage cannot be Au tomat ic pre-focusing lever is en- Unlock t he pre-focusing lever.raised to th e upper gaged in lower than focusing posi-lim it . t ion.
(d) Th e stage cannot be The condenser mount is lowered Raise th e co ndenser mount .lowered to the lower too much.l im it of th e workingrange.
--(e) The objective fro nt Th e specimen is moun ted on the Reverse the specimen.
lens hi ts against the stage upside down.specimen.
21
T rou bles Causes Remedies
4. Observation Tube
(a) Incomplete binocu- Interpupill ary d istance is not cor - Corr ect t he interpupi llary distance.lar visio n. rectl y adjusted.
Diopter adjustment is incom plete. Complete th e diopter adju stment.
Right and lef t eyepieces are not Use a pair of matched eyep ieces.matc hed.
The user is unaccustomed w ith a Pri or to looking at the image of th ebinocular vision .
specimen, try t o look the ent irefield of view, or look at a far awayobject before resuming microscopicobservation.
5. Stage
(a) The image easily The stage is not correct ly clamped. Clamp th e stage securely .goes out of f ocuswhen you touch thestage.
Th e specimen stops Th e specimen is not correct ly posi- Adj ust the specimen posit ion.
mid way on the east- ti oned on the stage.
west traverse.
22
