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WorkBreakdown Structure (WBS)
A hierarchical system which sub-
divides larger elements of the
project into smaller elements.
The smallest unit of the WBS is the
work package.
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WORKBREAKDOWN STRUCTURE (cont.)
The scope of work in each work package
should be defined to avoid overlaps andomissions between work packages.
Work packages should be defined in terms
of design, construction methods, and
completion requirements, with associated
performance dates
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WBS
What is it?
Why do we need it? Are we going to get graded on this?
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What is it?
In software development, this is a
feature breakdown structure. Feature-by-feature catalog and
description
A comprehensive classification of
project scope, not an exhaustive
list of work
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Why do we need it?
To document agreement with client
To provide a define the scope of theproject clearly for the team and the
client Aids in planning
Estimation
Assigning responsibility
It is considered poor practice to develop a
schedule without first designing a WBS
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Are we going to be graded on this?
Yes
The way you are graded is pass/failon this section. If you turn in
documents without this they will
be returned to you for revision.
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Q7503, Principles of Project Management, Fall 2002 8
WBS Chart Example
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Prof Awad S. Hanna
Scope of Work Packages
Each work packages should be:
1. Manageable
Specific authority and responsibility can be assigned.
2. Independent
With minimum interfacing or dependence on other
elements.
3. Measurable In terms of progress.
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Q7503, Principles of Project Management, Fall 2002 11
Work Breakdown Structure: WBS
Hierarchical list of projects work activities
2 Formats
Outline (indented format)
Graphical Tree (Organizational Chart)
Uses a decimal numbering system
Ex: 3.1.5
0 is typically top level
Includes
Development, Mgmt., and project support tasks
Shows is contained in relationships
Does not show dependencies or durations
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Q7503, Principles of Project Management, Fall 2002 12
WBS
Contract WBS (CWBS)
First 2 or3 levels
High-level tracking
Project WBS (PWBS)
Defined by PM and team members
Tasks tied to deliverables
Lowest level tracking
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Q7503, Principles of Project Management, Fall 2002 13
A Full WBS Structure
Up to six levels (3-6 usually) such as
Upper3 can be used by customer for reporting (if
part of RFP/RFQ) Different level can be applied to different uses
Ex: Level 1: authorizations; 2: budgets; 3: schedules
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Q7503, Principles of Project Management, Fall 2002 14
WBS Chart Example
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Q7503, Principles of Project Management, Fall 2002 15
WBS Types
Process WBS a.k.a Activity-oriented
Ex: Requirements, Analysis, Design, Testing
Typically used by PM
Product WBS a.k.a. Entity-oriented
Ex: Financial engine, Interface system, DB
Typically used by engineering manager
Hybrid WBS: both above This is not unusual
Ex: Lifecycle phases at high level with component or feature-specifics within phases
Rationale: processes produce products
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Q7503, Principles of Project Management, Fall 2002 16
Product WBS
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Q7503, Principles of Project Management, Fall 2002 17
Process WBS
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WBS Types
Less frequently used alternatives
Organizational WBS
Research, Product Design, Engineering, Operations
Can be useful for highly cross-functional projects
Geographical WBS
Can be useful with distributed teams NYC team, San Jose team, Off-shore team
Q7503, Principles of ProjectManagement, Fall 2002 18