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Internal
OMF000001 Um interface and radio channels
ISSUE1.4
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Chapter 1 OverviewChapter 1 Overview
Chapter 2 Chapter 2 Processing of vProcessing of v
oice signaloice signal
Chapter 3 Radio channelChapter 3 Radio channel
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Radio Interface
Another MSC
HLR/AUC/LR
SMC
PSTN ISDN
OMC
MS
Um interfaceMS
Um
Um
A-bis interface
BSCMSC/VLR
A interface
MAP interface
BTS
MSC
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Communication management (CM)Communication management (CM)
Radio resources management (RR)Radio resources management (RR)
Mobility and security management (MM)
Mobility and security management (MM)
Integrated managementIntegrated management
TCH0 TCH1 TCH2 。。 SACCH 。。 TCH23 IDLTCH0 TCH1 TCH2 。。 SACCH 。。 TCH23 IDL
MultiframePhysical link layer (L1)
Data link layer (L2)
Network application layer (L3)
Hierarchical Structure of Um Interface
RACH BCCH AGCH/PCH SDCCH SACCH TCH FACCH
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Radio Access Technology
Time
FDMA
Frequency
TDMATime
Frequency
CDMA
Frequency
Time
Code
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Chapter 1 OverviewChapter 1 Overview
Chapter 2 Chapter 2 Processing of vProcessing of v
oice signaloice signal
Chapter 3 Radio channelChapter 3 Radio channel
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Voice A/DA/D8KHz, 13bit Speech
codingSpeech coding
SegmentationSegmentation
20ms
13kbit/sChannel codingChannel coding
InterleavingInterleaving Burst formattingBurst formattingEncryptionEncryption
22.8kbit/s
ModulationModulation
33.8kbit/s
Transmission
Voice Signal Processing
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Speech Coding
The coding mode is called Regular Pulse Excited-Long Term
Prediction (RPE-LTP). It works as follow: 8KHZ of sampling is
performed first, then divided into frames with 20ms; every frame has
4 sub-frames; the duration of every sub-frame is 5ms; and the pure
bit rate is 13kbit/s.
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Block coderBlock coder
Excited coder
Excited coder
50bit
+3 *2+4
132bit
78bit
456bit
Channel Coding
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Interleaving
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 ... ... 452 453 454 455 4561 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 ... ... 452 453 454 455 456
B
8
16
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456
8
16
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456
2
10
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450
2
10
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450
6
14
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454
6
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1
9
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449
1
9
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449
4
12
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452
4
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452
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451
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453
.... ....
B0 B1 B2 B3 B4 B5 B6 B7
{A4,B0} {A5,B1} {A6,B2} {A7,B3} {B4,C0} {B5,C1} {B6,C2} {B7,C3}{A4,B0} {A5,B1} {A6,B2} {A7,B3} {B4,C0} {B5,C1} {B6,C2} {B7,C3}
First interleaving:
Second interleaving:
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33 5757 11 2626 11 5757 33
Voice Burst
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Transmission delay t
Transmission delay t
TA
The mobile phone should
send the signal in advance!!
Timing Advance (TA)
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Timing Advance (TA)
Transmission delay t
Transmission delay t
TA
The mobile phone should
send the signal in advance!!
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Frequency Hopping
Frequency
f 0
Frame
f 1
f 2
f 3
f 4
Time
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Prolong battery life and reduce interference
DTX
DTX: Discontinuous Transmission
Shut off the transmission at voice intervals;
Only transmit SID frames’
The transcoder at the RX terminal produces comfortable noise.
VAD: Voice Activity Detection
Implemented by the transcoder.
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Power Control
Prolong battery life
Reduce network interference
Include both uplink power control and downlink power control
Level and quality are taken into account
BSC is the final adjudicator
BCCH Carrier is not involved in power control.
Time
Signal level
Target level value:e.g. -85 dm
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Chapter 1 OverviewChapter 1 Overview
Chapter 2 Chapter 2 Processing of vProcessing of v
oice signaloice signal
Chapter 3 Radio channelChapter 3 Radio channel
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Frequency
200kHz
15/26ms
BP
Slit
Time
Frame and Channel
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0 1 2 3 2044 2045 2046 2047
0 1 2 3 48 49 5047
0 1 24 25
0 1 24 25 1 49 500
0 1 4 5 762 3
TB3
TB3
GP8.25 TB: Tail bit
TB3
TB3
GP8.25
GP: Guard periodTB3
TB3
GP8.25
TB3
TB3 GP 68.25
58 information bits 26 training sequences 58 information bits
Constant bit 142
Information bit 39 Extended training sequence 64Information bit 39
Synchronous sequence 41 Information bit 36
Normal burst (NB)
Frequency correction burst (FB)
Synchronous burst (SB)
Access burst (AB)
1 hyper frame=2048 super-frames=2715648TDMA frames (3 hours, 28 minutes, 53 seconds and 760 milliseconds)
1 super-frame=1326TDMA frames (6.12 seconds)
1 multiframe=26TDMA frames (120ms) 1 multiframe=51TDMA frames (3060/13ms)
1TDMA frame=8 timeslots (120/26=4.615ms)
1 timeslot=156.25 bit duration (15/26=0.577ms)(1 bit duration: 48/13=3.68us)
BCCHCCCHSDCCH
TCHSACCH/TFACCH
Frame
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8bit 41 synchronous bits
36 encrypted bits 3bit 68.25bit
Tail bit Tail bit Guard intervalData
• Access burst (AB): Used in MS initial access
Guard interval
3bit 142bit 3bit 8.25bit
Tail bit Tail bitData
• Frequency correction burst (FB): Used in frequency synchronization between MS and BTS
3bit 39 encrypted bits
39 encrypted bits
3bit 8.25bit
Tail bit Tail bit Guard intervalDataData
64 synchronous bits
• Synchronous burst (SB): Used in timing synchronization between MS and BTS
Burst
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3bit 142 modulation bits 3bit 8.25bit
Tail bit Tail bit Guard interval
• Dummy burst (DB): Used in transmission of filling frames by BTS at timeslots when there is no information delivered
Burst
3bit 57 encrypted bits 57 encrypted bits 3bit 8.25bit
Tail bit Tail bit Guard intervalDataData
26bit1 1
Training sequence
Frame stealing
flag
• Normal burst (NB): Used to carry the information of the traffic channel and the control channel except for RACH
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Broadcast control channel (BCCH) Control channel
Common control channel (CCCH)
Voice channel(TCH)
FCH SCH BCCH(system information)
TCH/FAGCH RACH SDCCH FACCH
SACCH
TCH/H
TCH/9.6FTCH/ 4.8F, HTCH/ 2.4F, H
PCH
Common channel (CCH)
Dedicated channel (DCH)
Logical channel
Logical Channel Type
GSM900 and DCS1800 have the same logical channel categor
y
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FCCH
SCH
BCCH
PCH
AGCH
BCCH
CCCH
Common Channel
SDCCH
SACCH
FACCH
TCH/F
TCH/H
DCCH
TCH
Dedicated Channel
Downlink Logical Channel
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RACH CCCH
Common channel
SDCCH
SACCH
FACCH
TCH/F
TCH/H
DCCH
TCH
Dedicated channel
Uplink Logical Channel
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Use of Logical Channels
Search for frequency correction burst
Search for synchronization sequence
Read system information
Listen paging message
Send access burst
Wait for signaling channel allocation
Call setup
Assign traffic channel
Conversation
Call release
FCCH
SCH
BCCH
PCH
RACH
AGCH
SDCCH
SDCCH
TCH
FACCH
idle mode
“off” state
dedicated mode
idle mode
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26-frame multiframeTCH/F+FACCH/F+SACCH/TF (full-rate TCH)
TCH/H+FACCH/H+SACCH/TH (half-rate TCH)
51-frames multiframeFCCH+SCH+BCCH+CCCH (main BCCH)
FCCH+SCH+BCCH+CCCH+SDCCH/4+SACCH/C4 (combined B
CCH)
BCCH+CCCH (extended BCCH)
SDCCH/8+SACCH/C8 (main SDCCH)
Physical Combination of Logical Channel
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Structure of Main BCCH
1 multi-frame (51TDMA Frames) 235.38ms Downlink
Group Group1 Group2
Group3,4
(same as
Group2)
Grpup5
Channel F S BX4 CX4 F S CX4 CX4 …… F S CX4 CX4 I
Frame
Number0 1 2-5 6-9 10 11 12-15 16-19 20-39 40 41 42-45 46-49 50
1 multi-frame (51TDMA Frames) 235.38ms Uplink
Channel R R R R R R R R R R R R R R……R R R R R
Frame
Number0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13-46 47 48 49 50
F:FCCH; S:SCH; B:BCCH; C:CCCH; I:IDLE; R:RACH
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Structure of Combined BCCH1 multi-frame (51TDMA Frames) 235.38ms Downlink
Group Group1 Group2 Group3 Group4 Grpup5
Channel F SB×
4
C×
4F S
C×
4
C×
4F S
D0
×4
D1
×4F S
D2
×4
D3
×4F S
A0
×4
A1
×4I
Channel F SB×
4
C×
4F S
C×
4
C×
4F S
D0
×4
D1
×4F S
D2
×4
D3
×4F S
A2
×4
A3
×4I
Frame
Number0 1 2-5 6-9 10 11
12-
15
16-
1920 21
22-
25
26-
2930 31
32-
35
36-
3940 41
42-
45
46-
4950
1 multi-frame (51TDMA Frames) 235.38ms Uplink
Channel D3×4 R R A2×4 A3×4 R……R D0×4 D1×4 R R D2×4
Channel D0×4 R R A0×4 A1×4 R……R D0×4 D1×4 R R D2×4
Frame Number 0-3 4 5 6-9 10-13 14-36 37-40 41-44 45 46 47-50
F:FCCH; S:SCH; B:BCCH; C:CCCH; I:IDLE; R:RACH
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Structure of Logical Channel Combination Frame-Main SDCCH
1 multi-frame (51TDMA Frames) 235.38ms Downlink
Channel D0×4 D1×4 D2×4 D3×4 D4×4 D5×4 D6×4 D7×4 A0×4 A1×4 A2×4 A3×4 I I I
Channel D0×4 D1×4 D2×4 D3×4 D4×4 D5×4 D6×4 D7×4 A4×4 A5×4 A6×4 A7×4 I I I
Frame Number 0-3 4-7 8-11 12-15 16-19 20-23 24-27 28-31 32-35 36-39 40-43 44-47 48 49 50
1 multi-frame (51TDMA Frames) 235.38ms Uplink
Channel A5×4 A6×4 A7×4 I I I D0×4D1×
4D2×4 D3×4 D4×4 D5×4 D6×4 D7×4 A0×4
Channel A1×4 A2×4 A3×4 I I I D0×4D1×
4D2×4 D3×4 D4×4 D5×4 D6×4 D7×4 A4×4
Frame
Number0-3 4-7 8-11 12 13 14 15-18
19-
2223-26 27-30 31-34 35-38 39-42 43-46 47-50
F:FCCH; S:SCH; B:BCCH; C:CCCH; I:IDLE; R:RACH
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Structure of Logical Channel Combination Frame-TCH
T:TCH; I:IDLE
1 multi-frame (26TDMA Frames) 120ms
Channel T T T T T T T T T T T……T T T T T I
Frame Number 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10- 20 21 22 23 24 25
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PCH RACHAGCH
Downlink CCCH Uplink CCCH
How to determine the total CCCH resources of the cell? How to
allocate AGCH and PCH reasonably?
Configuration of Common Control Channel
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CCCH Grouping
The GSM system supports various kinds of channel combinations
(GPRS not taken into account), in which the main BCCH, extended
BCCH, combined BCCH, and the BCCH+CBCH combination
contain the CCCH, i.e. all of the four combinations support the MS
access. The MS are distributed to different CCCH groups based on
this fact.
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CCCH Grouping
The GSM specifies that the CCCH can be mapped to timeslots 0, 2,
4 and 6 but the extended BCCH combination can only be mapped to
timeslots 2, 4 and 6 because it does not contain FCCH and SCH.
Therefore, all MS synchronize with the base station at timeslot 0 and
access the network via different CCCH.
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Paging Group
The GSM system supports a maximum of 99=81 paging groups.
the MS can be divided into 81 sub-groups at most from the opinion
of the paging group. No matter what combination mode is adopted,
the number of blocks used for paging in every 51 multi-frame does
not exceed 9. The system enables the 51 multi-frame to cycle
again , with a quantity of “BS-PA-MFRAMS” (number of frames of
the same paging) of 51 multi-frames as a period.
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Paging Group
In GSM terms, the paging block in any 51 multiframe is called a
paging super-group. Therefore, the number of paging super-frames
in the system is the “number of frames of the same paging”. The
number of paging groups in each super-group is 9 or 3 – “number of
access granted reserved blocks”.
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Calculation of CCCH and Paging Group
CCCH group number of MS=[(IMSI mod 1000) mod (BS_CC_CHAN
S x N)] div N
Paging group number of MS=[(IMSI mod 1000) mod (BS_CC_CHAN
S x N)] mod N
In the formula:
N = Number of paging groups x BS-PA-MFRAMS
IMSI = IMSI number of the mobile phone
mod = Modulo calculation
div = Divide exactly
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Questions
What’s the rate of voice coding ?
What are the advantages of discontinuous
transmission (DTX)?
What types of logical channels are there?
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