OMV Philosophy Active Fire Protection Onshore

8/20/2019 OMV Philosophy Active Fire Protection Onshore

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OMV Exploration & Production GmbH

00 Final Issue WAM 31/05/05 JEA 31/05/05 PZ 03/06/05 MF 03/06/05

A2 Client Comments Incorporated IM 15/3/05 WAM 15/3/05

A1 DRAFT WAM 9/12/04 GA 9/12/04

IssueRev

Issue or Revision Description OriginBy

Date ChkdBy

Date AppdBy

Date AppdBy

Date

Document Number

Philosophy

for

Active Fire Protection Systems

Onshore

TO-HQ-02-072-00


2/20


Document Number Rev PagePhilosophy for Active Fire Protection

Onshore TO-HQ-02-072 00 2 of 20

Revision History

Revision Description of revision

A1 Draft for Comment Review

A2 Client Comments Incorporated

00 Final Issue


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CONTENTS

1.0 PREFACE .......................................................................................................................5

2.0 DEFINITIONS .................................................................................................................5

3.0 ABBREVIATIONS...........................................................................................................6

4.0

INTRODUCTION.............................................................................................................6

5.0 APPLICABLE CODES, STANDARDS AND REGULATIONS........................................6

5.1 Codes and Standards List ............................................................................................... 7

5.2 References ........................................................................................................................ 7

6.0 SYSTEM GOAL ..............................................................................................................8

7.0 SYSTEM BOUNDARIES ................................................................................................9

8.0 DESIGN PHILOSOPHY..................................................................................................9

8.1 Fire Water Distr ibut ion Systems ................................................................................... 10

8.2 Deluge Systems .............................................................................................................. 13

8.3 Sprinkler Systems .......................................................................................................... 14

8.4 Foam Systems ................................................................................................................ 14

8.5 CO2 Systems ................................................................................................................... 16

8.6 Gaseous Extinguishing/Suppression Systems ........................................................... 16

8.7 Water Mist Systems........................................................................................................ 17

8.8 Hydrants and Hosereels ................................................................................................ 17

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Portable Fire Extinguishers ........................................................................................... 18

8.10 Monitors .......................................................................................................................... 18

9.0 DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS .......................................................................................18

9.1 General ............................................................................................................................ 18

10.0 MAINTENANCE IN DESIGN ........................................................................................19

11.0 DOCUMENTATION REQUIREMENTS.........................................................................19


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12.0 CERTIFYING AUTHORITY REVIEW REQUIREMENTS..............................................20


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1.0 PREFACE

This Philosophy defines the OMV Exploration & Production GmbH corporatepolicy on the design of Active Fire Protection (AFP) Systems for onshorehydrocarbon production and processing facilities. The document specifiesbasic requirements and criteria, defines the appropriate codes andstandards, and assists in the standardisation of facilities’ design across allonshore operations.

The design process needs to consider project specific factors such as the

location, production composition, production rates and pressures, theprocess selected and the size of the plant. This philosophy aims to addressa wide range of the above variables, however it is recognised that not allcircumstances can be covered. In situations where project specificconsiderations may justify deviation from this philosophy, a documentsupporting the request for deviation shall be submitted to OMV E&P forapproval.

Reference should be made to the parent of this philosophy, documentnumber TO-HQ-02-001 for information on deviation procedures andTechnical Authorities, general requirements and definitions andabbreviations not specific to this document

2.0 DEFINITIONS

The following definitions are relevant to this document.

AFP System A system which can be activated upon detection of fire, gasor explosion effectively designed to control, mitigate,suppress or extinguish the fire to maintain a predetermined

level of safety for a predetermined duration.

Fire Area An area that is physically separated from other areas byspace, barriers, walls or other means in order to containfire within that area


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3.0 ABBREVIATIONS

The following abbreviations are relevant to this document.

AFFF Aqueous Film Forming Foam

CCR Central Control Room

FFFP Film Forming Fluoroprotein Foam

4.0 INTRODUCTION

This document defines the OMV Exploration & Production GmbH corporatepolicy for the design basis and philosophy of Active Fire Protection (AFP) onits onshore facilities.

By specifying the basic requirements and criteria, and defining the appropriatecodes and standards, this philosophy intends to guide the selection anddesign of AFP Systems and standardise this process across all onshorefacilities operated by OMV.

5.0 APPLICABLE CODES, STANDARDS AND REGULATIONS

Codes, standards and regulations referred to in this philosophy shall be of thelatest edition and shall be applied in the following order of precedence: -

• Local Regulations,

• The provision of this document,

• International standards (e.g. ISO, IEC etc),

• National standards.

Design of the active fire protection system shall comply with the standards listedwithin this philosophy, however, for instances where local standards are moreonerous local standards shall apply.


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5.1 Codes and Standards List

ISO13702:1999

Petroleum and Natural Gas Industries –Control and Mitigationof Fires and Explosions on Offshore Production Installations –Requirements and Guidelines

NFPA 10 Standard for Portable Fire Extinguishers

NFPA 11/11A Low Expansion Foam/Medium and High Expansion Foam

Systems

NFPA 11C Standard for Mobile Foam Apparatus

NFPA 12 Standards on Carbon Dioxide Extinguishing Systems

NFPA 13 Installation of Sprinkler Systems

NFPA 15 Standard for Water Spray Fixed Systems for Fire Protection

NFPA 16 Installation of Deluge Foam – Water Sprinkler Systems andFoam Water Spray Systems

NFPA 17 Standard for Dry Chemical Extinguishing Systems

NFPA 20 Standard for the Installation of Stationery Fire Pumps for FireProtection

NFPA 24 Standards for the Installation of Private Fire Service Mainsand their Appurtenances

NFPA 30 Flammable and Combustible Liquids Code

NFPA 750 Standard for the Installation of Water Mist Fire ProtectionSystems

NFPA 2001 Standard for Clean Agent Fire Extinguishing Systems

5.2 References

IP Guidelines for the Design and Protection ofPressure Systems to Withstand Severe Fires, (March2003)

IP Model Code of Safe Practice, Part 19 - FirePrecautions at Petroleum Refineries and Bulk StorageInstallations


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Guidelines for Fire Protection in Chemical,Petrochemical and Hydrocarbon Processing Facilities, AIChemE Publication (2003)

Handbook of Fire and Explosion ProtectionEngineering Principles for Oil, Gas, Chemical andRelated Facilities, Dennis, P. and Nolan, P.E., NoyesPublications (1996)

TO-HQ-02-025 Philosophy for Fire and Gas Systems Onshore

TO-HQ-02-073 Philosophy for Passive Fire Protection SystemsOnshore

TO-HQ-02-074 Philosophy for Safety Equipment Onshore

TO-HQ-02-075 Philosophy for Escape, Evacuation and RescueOnshore

6.0 SYSTEM GOAL

The goal of the AFP Systems shall primarily be for the protection of personnelin the event of a fire or explosion with secondary consideration being given tothe protection of plant and equipment combined with environmental protectionrequirements.The AFP Systems shall achieve their goals by the followingmeans:

• Control

• Suppression

• Extinguishment

• Providing measures to limit the effects or escalation of a hazardousconsequence

• Providing local and remote manual facilities for the operation of fixedfire fighting systems

• Providing audible and visual alarm information to alert the CentralControl Room (CCR) to enable the operator to assess the situation

• Providing audible and visual alarm information to site personnel,where considered to be needed, for personnel to take any necessary

action


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7.0 SYSTEM BOUNDARIES

The boundary of the safety system is the:

• interface with F&G system

• interface with HVAC system

• interface with equipment control systems

• interface with PAGA system

• interface with electrical systems

• interface with drainage system

The safety system shall include the interposing relay panels used for the aboveinterfaces.

• Interface to the Process Control Systems and Emergency ShutdownSystems

• Interface to High Integrity Pressure Protection Systems (HIPPS)

8.0 DESIGN PHILOSOPHY

Active Fire Protection (AFP) is, ‘the application of fire extinguishing or protectivemedia to surfaces exposed to or threatened by heat or potential ignition during anemergency’ and the basic premise of any AFP System is to mitigate or controlthe detrimental effects of fire and explosion to a facility’s safety, althoughextinguishment is often achieved.

AFP Systems shall be designed in accordance with the general provisionsdetailed in ISO 13702, as applicable to onshore installations, in so far as that allsystems and equipment shall be suitable for their intended environment andapplication and shall be supported with type approval certification evidence fortheir major components. If it is considered essential, the installation of AFPSystems shall be such that they are located or protected in order that they will beable to withstand the expected fire or explosion loading for a duration defined asappropriate for the given situation.

AFP Systems shall be based on the installation’s Fire and Explosion Risk Assessment (FERA). The following are those AFP Systems which should be

considered during the design for Onshore Plant:


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• Fire Water Distribution Systems

• Deluge Systems

• Sprinkler Systems

• Foam Systems

• CO2 Systems

• Gaseous Extinguishing/Suppression Systems – Halon Replacement

•

Water Mist Systems• Hydrants

• Portable Fire Extinguishers

• Monitors

8.1 Fire Water Distribution Systems

8.1.1 Firewater Pumps

Firewater distribution is generally via a ringmain, which feeds each end-userthrough a pipe network supplied with water charged from the firewater pumps.The firewater pumps shall be designed in accordance with the requirements ofNFPA 20, with the basic premise being that the firewater demand should notoutstrip the supply.

In accordance with NFPA 15, a single firewater system shall not protect morethan one Fire Area, in which a Fire Area is defined as one that is physicallyseparated from other areas by space, barriers, walls or other means in orderto contain fire within that area (‘other means’ may include the use of dykesand special drainage systems).

In order to evaluate the required firewater pump capacity it will be necessaryto identify the maximum firewater demand, whilst considering the mostonerous fire event. Maximum firewater demand shall be based on the largestnumber of firewater systems which are going to be actuated simultaneouslyand derive the firewater demand from the firewater application rates.

NFPA 15 offers guidance for determining how many systems will be activatedin a given fire scenario based on the following:

• The possible flow of burning liquids between areas before or duringthe operation of the water spray systems


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• Possible flow of hot gases between Fire Areas that could actuateadjacent systems

• Flammable gas detection set to automatically actuate a water spraysystem

• Any other factors that would result in the actuation of systemsconsidered outwith the primary Fire Area

For large areas with many adjacent systems provided that effective measureshave been taken to avoid the escalation factors identified above, e.g. suitable

floor drainage, bunding or effective separation, then the largest firewaterdemand can be determined by adding the flowrate for any system to theflowrates for all immediately adjacent systems.

Design density rates shall be based on test data, published data or knowledgeconcerning the particular materials and hazards associated with thesite/installation. Minimum design density rates are published in NFPA 15 andIP Part 19 and these should be referenced during system design.

It should be understood that the firewater pump capacity shall include factorsadditional to the firewater demand, which are designed to compensate for the

effects of water wastage and environmental impact, i.e. wind, as well asadditional users such as the use of hoses and hydrants.

When sizing firewater pumps, the following compensation factors should beapplied to account for the loss effects summarised above:

General Area Protection +15% (Minimum)

Vessels +30% (Minimum)

Equipment (valves, compressor packages, etc) +20% (Minimum)

A minimum of 10% should also be added for the effects of hydraulicimbalance

Note: Major changes in static pressure (due to elevation changes)should also be considered in addition to the above.

Firewater supply will need to be sufficient so as to deliver water to the AFPSystem(s) at the required pressure and for the required duration. The duration

being applicable to the hazards associated with the equipment or area being


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protected but can be assumed to be for a minimum of 4 hours, however itshould be noted that careful engineering judgement at the design stage canpotentially limit the density and duration requirements for those systemsadjacent to the primary Fire Area.

The number of firewater pumps shall be at least 2, with sufficient redundancycapacity in the event of a single pump failure of a minimum of 50% of the totalmaximum firewater demand and this may be increased depending on theoutcome of the site specific risk assessment. It is for this reason that duty andstandby fire pumps should be housed in suitable fire/blast rated enclosures (ora safe area) and they should derive their power from 2 different independentsources, i.e. 1 electrically driven and the other diesel driven, and they shouldbe located as far as practicable away from one another to avoid commonmode failure.

8.1.2 Distribution Systems

The firewater ringmain is the water distribution pipework, which generallyforms a ring-loop around the installation from which branch piping leads awayto supply all fixed water-based AFP Systems. The ringmain can be either a‘dry’ or a ‘wet’ system and, as the name suggests, a dry system is normally ina dry, drained condition, whereas a wet system is permanently charged withwater at a pressure maintained by the firewater jockey pumps.

It should be noted that the firewater “jockey” pumps should be adequatelysized to compensate for small leakages and incidental usage without reducingthe pressure in the ringmain to a level that would start-up the main firewaterpumps.

From a reliability point of view it is suggested that dry systems be avoided. Also, for a more timely discharge of water to the Fire Area a wet system isadvised. When considering a wet system, if the water in the distributionsystem is considered to be susceptible to freezing or corrosion (as a result ofpoor quality water supply) then provisions need to be designed into the systemto counteract these negative effects, such as, burying the pipework or heattracing, and flushing of the system.

The choice of material and path taken by the distribution piping will have aconsiderable effect on the system hydraulic calculations and should becarefully considered during design in order to achieve the most efficientsystem possible.


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8.2 Deluge Systems

The design of both Passive Fire Protection (PFP) and AFP Systems foronshore installations depends upon the nature of the equipment/area beingprotected and the degree of proximity to potential sources of ignition or routesof escalation.

Deluge systems, like most fixed AFP Systems, shall be arranged for automaticoperation and supplemented with means for manual actuation.

As for all hydraulically dependent systems, pressure loss calculations shallconsider the piping material and distribution network arrangement and fullhydraulic analysis shall be carried out by competent personnel for eachindividual system to determine flowrates, system pressures, pipe sizes, andpump capacity, etc on a case-by-case basis. Hydraulic simulation modellingtools are available for hydraulic calculations and surge (or ‘water-hammer’)analysis and should be employed during the system design.

Onshore facilities have the advantage of being more amenable to the benefitsof separation afforded by the fact that the site often covers a considerablylarge area, unlike an offshore installation where space is considered to be at

much more of a premium. However, the same principles for determining themaximum water demand as described in NFPA 15 and summarised in Section8.1.1 above, shall be applied.

Thermal radiation levels reduce over distance, which is why physicalseparation is considered the most effective method of preventing escalation,however achieving the separation distances required to totally alleviate thepotential for escalation is not always practical therefore AFP and PFP systemsare required to achieve this goal.

When designing deluge systems for use in Onshore Plant the designer should

consider the potentially worst fire case, in which there is a primary affectedFire Area and adjacent areas also requiring protection from the effects ofthermal radiation and the other modes of escalation identified in Section 8.1.1above. The Institute of Petroleum has issued guidance concerning the delugedischarge densities for use in onshore petroleum refineries and bulk storageinstallations and it is suggested that these be utilised during design.

NFPA 15 also offers guidance on the deluge nozzle arrangements forequipment/vessel protection and these should be referred to during design.


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Deluge systems are specific to their intended application and as such shall bedesigned on a case-by-case basis and submitted to OMV prior toimplementation.

Water curtain deluge systems may also be considered in cases wherephysical boundaries are not practical or for the protection of escape ways.Density flow rates should be based on the fire loading for the worst-casescenario and the guidance given in NFPA 15.

8.3 Sprinkler SystemsNFPA 13 shall be referenced during the design of firewater sprinkler systems. As a reference, IP 19 also offers guidance in their design and application.

Automatic firewater sprinkler systems should be considered with respect tolocal regulations for the protection of accommodation areas and otherdesignated spaces within them, such as plant rooms, etc, where class A firehazards exist. Class A fires are those defined by the combustion of cellulosicmaterials such as wood, cloth, paper, rubber and certain plastics.

The type, size and number of sprinkler heads that will operate upon detection

of fire, as well as the water discharge rate and duration are linked to thehazard classification of the area. NFPA 13 shall be referenced for theappropriate hazard classification and the aforementioned design parameters.

Sprinkler distribution systems shall be subject to detailed hydraulic calculation,alike to those required for deluge systems and detailed in Section 8.2 above.

Foam sprinkler system may also be considered depending on the hazardsinvolved.

Automatic sprinkler systems are specific to their intended application and as

such shall be designed on a case-by-case basis and submitted to OMV priorto implementation.

8.4 Foam Systems

Foam as applied to firefighting aims to extinguish fire by forming a heat-resistantblanket, which effectively forms a barrier between the fuel and its oxygen supplyand suppresses the vaporisation of the fuel.

Commonly used for hydrocarbon pool fires, its effectiveness relies on the formingof a complete and uninterrupted surface coverage as any break in the barrier will

allow the fire to sustain which will destroy the remaining foam blanket. The


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effects of wind and other mechanisms which could diminish the integrity of thefoam barrier should be considered during the design stage – weather shielding isone possible solution to minimising the effects of adverse weather considerationshowever, the additional confinement this would create should be carefullyconsidered when considering potential blast overpressures.

The type of foam shall be specific to the hazard however, foams are generallycategorised in terms of their expansion ratio (volume of foam: volume of foamconcentrate in water), i.e. low, medium or high-expansion.

8.4.1 Low Expansion Foam

NFPA 11 shall be consulted during the design of fixed foam systems as thestandard for low-expansion foam.

Low-expansion foams can expand by up to 20 times. The primary advantages oflow-expansion foam are that it can be projected over relatively long distances –useful for application via firewater/foam monitors – and its ability to spread andform a coherent barrier quickly.

AFFF and FFFP are common types of low-expansion foam but guidance should

be sought regarding the concentration of the foam solution as well as itssuitability to the hazards involved.

There are critical application rates defined for low-expansion foam in NFPA 11,below which fire extinction is not achieved as the foam is destroyed too rapidly.IP Part 19 also provides guidance in the design of fixed foam systems.

8.4.2 Medium-Expansion Foam

NFPA 11A should be consulted during the design of fixed foam systems as thestandard for medium and high-expansion foams.

Medium-expansion foams expand by 20 to 200 times and are generally utilised insmall-volume fill applications and are noted for having a shorter throw distancethan its low-expansion counterpart.

Critical application rates for medium-expansion foams, below which fire extinctionis not achieved as the foam is destroyed too rapidly, are detailed in NFPA 11A,.IP Part 19 also provides guidance in the design of fixed foam systems.

8.4.3 High-Expansion Foam


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High-expansion foams expand by 200 to 1000 times and are suited to largeenclosed volume fill applications. Discharge is more of a pour than a pressurisedrelease and it is therefore not suitable for ‘throw’ applications.

Critical application rates for high-expansion foams, below which fire extinction isnot achieved as the foam is destroyed too rapidly, are detailed in NFPA 11A,. IPPart 19 also provides guidance in the design of fixed foam systems.

8.5 CO2 Systems

Reference shall be made to NFPA 12 during the design of fixed CO2extinguishing systems.

Carbon Dioxide (CO2) is an inert gas and extinguishes fire by action of oxygendisplacement, effectively creating an environment unsuitable for sustainingcombustion.

NFPA 12 advises that the use of CO2 extinguishing systems shall be limited tothe following applications:

• Where an inert and electrically nonconductive medium is required

• Where the clean-up of another extinguishing medium could present aproblem

• For economical reasons

It is important to note that the discharge of CO2 in concentrationscommensurate with fire extinction is seriously hazardous to health andarrangements shall be made to warn personnel that may be present in theprotected enclosure of imminent activation and for the prevention of spuriousdischarge, in accordance with the requirements of NFPA 12.

Attention should also be given to the provision of lock-off and fail-safemechanisms for initiating CO2 in accordance with the requirements outlined inNFPA 12.

CO2 extinguishing systems are specific to their intended application and assuch shall be designed on a case-by-case basis and submitted to OMV priorto implementation.

8.6 Gaseous Extinguish ing/Suppression Systems

Guidance shall be sought from NFPA 2001 during the design of gaseous

extinguishing systems not covered elsewhere in this philosophy.


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Gaseous extinguishing systems are specific to their intended application andas such shall be designed on a case-by-case basis and submitted to OMVprior to implementation.

8.6.1 Halon Replacement

Under the Montreal Protocol of 1987 (as amended) the use Halon and otherozone depleting agents in fire extinguishing systems is restricted and hasresulted in the need to find other suitable media for new applications and toreplace existing Halon systems, as applicable. NFPA 2001 offers alternatives

and design guidance with respect to Halon replacement and should bereferred to during system designs.

Replacement of all existing Halon systems on OMV operated prospects shallbe undertaken immediately for all assets where still in use in order to complywith the above protocol, especially in instances of brownfield developmentswith significant interfaces with the new facilities.

8.7 Water Mist Systems

Water mist extinguishing systems may be considered as an alternative to CO2

and extinguishes fire by means of oxygen displacement and heat absorptionmuch like other firewater extinguishing systems but with a much reducedwater usage. Water mist systems are non-hazardous to personnel upondischarge and shall be designed in accordance with the standards andguidance detailed in NFPA 750.

Water mist systems are specific to their intended application and as such shallbe designed on a case-by-case basis and submitted to OMV prior toimplementation.

8.8 Hydrants and HosereelsFirewater hydrants and hosereels shall be provided to supplement the fixed AFPSystems. They should be connected to the firewater ringmain and located inaccordance with the requirements of NFPA 15, which requires that every part ofan installation shall be capable of being reached by water from 2 differenthydrants. It should be noted that the firewater pump size will need to considerthe utilisation of 2 hydrants as supplemental fire fighting applications in additionto the maximum requirements of fixed fire fighting systems as described inSection 8.1.1.


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Hosereels should be sited in permanent and accessible locations with clear andappropriate signage indicating their position and operating instructions at theirbase.

The provision of hosereels in accommodation areas shall be similarly designed inaccordance with NFPA 15, which includes the firewater risers for areas ofmultiple storeys.

Minimum discharge densities for hosereels are detailed in NFPA 15 and shouldbe considered during the firewater system design.

8.9 Portable Fire Extinguishers

Portable fire extinguishers of suitable size and extinguishing medium shall bepositioned, housed and maintained in accordance with the requirements of NFPA10 and NFPA 11C, as appropriate.

8.10 Monitors

Guidance for the design of fixed firewater/foam monitors is available from IP Part19. Fixed firewater/foam monitors shall also be provided to supplement fixed

AFP Systems and should be capable of both manual and remote activation andoperation, where appropriate.

Their position should consider the required throw distance, discharge density andpressure required to reach the piece of equipment or area they are protecting.Section 8.4 discusses the different type of foams available and NFPA 11 and11A supplement IP Part 19 with guidance regarding the appropriate designdischarge densities and foam concentrations where appropriate.

9.0 DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS

9.1 General

The design of the safety system should take account of the following:

• Size, type and location of facility

• Life cycle costs as well as the capital cost, for example testing costs,false trip costs, commissioning and modification costs

• Human factors


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• Preventing nuisance trips. Although 1ooN voting is good from a safetyarchitecture position it is poor with respect to higher probability ofprocess interruptions. Repetitious nuisance trips may also create asituation where operators reset the trip without investigation which mayeventually lead to an incident

• Selection and positioning of the correct field equipment suitable for theprocess and environmental conditions

• The safety system shall provide protection for normal operation and for

the conditions that may arise from an abnormal condition• Relevant safety studies, e.g. FERA.

10.0 MAINTENANCE IN DESIGN

The AFP Systems shall be designed taking maintainability into consideration bysimplifying maintenance and reducing maintenance costs where practical.

There should be sufficient maintenance overrides to enable parts of the AFPSystems to be maintained and tested minimising operational down time.

The AFP Systems should be designed to allow modifications and development tobe implemented whilst minimising disruption to the process or the reduction in thelevels of safety provided, the safety studies FERA, EERA and ESSA should betaken into consideration.

11.0 DOCUMENTATION REQUIREMENTS

The following project documents should be produced as a minimum to cover thedesign of the safety system:

• Front end engineering design (FEED)

• Design specification for the AFP Systems (hardware and software)

• Hierarchy drawing

• Safe charts as per API 14C

• Cause and effect drawings of AFP Systems

• Functional design specification of AFP Systems

• Relevant Safety Studies


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Detailed design:

• Documents listed under FEED above

• Matrix layout drawing

• General arrangement drawings

• AFP System layout drawings

• AFP System P&IDs

• AFP System calculations

12.0 CERTIFYING AUTHORITY REVIEW REQUIREMENTS

In the case where independent third part certification is required, the Certifying Authority (CA) will require as a minimum the following documents for review:

• Basis of design document

•

Functional design specification• AFP System layout drawings

• AFP System P&IDs

• AFP System calculations

• AFP System type approval certification (as appropriate)

These should be issued to the CA in a timely manner to obtain approval beforecommencing construction.

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