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Republika Pilipinas Komisyon ng Karapatang Pantao (Commission on Human Rights) HUMAN RIGHTS ADVISORY CHR-A-02-99 On Death Penalty for Minors We are issuing the following Human Rights Advisory o n t h e proposal to lower the a g e o f m a j o r i t y f r o m 18 years to 16 years old, with the intention of imposing death penalty to minors. 1. The said plan will violate at least two (2) i n t e r n a t i o n a l i n s t r u m e n t s on human rights of which the Philippines i s a party, the Philippine Constitution and l e g i s l a t i o n e n a c t e d concerning children. Article 6 ( 5 ) o f the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights reads: "Sentence of death shall not be imposed for crimes committed by persons below eighteen years of age and shall not be carried o u t o n pregnant women." (Underscoring supplied) Likewise, Article 37(a) o f T h e Convention on the Rights o f a Child reads: ^ar Anniversary 1987 - 1997 Dedicated PROTECTION and PROMOTION of HUMAN RIGHTS Commonwealth Avenue, U.P. Complex, D i l i m a n , 1 1 0 4 , Quezon City, Philippines Tel. Nos. 9260454 9278772 in the midst of GLOBALIZATION
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Page 1: On Death Penalty for Minors - Commission on Human Rightschr.gov.ph/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/HRA-CHR-A-02-99-On-Death-Penalty-for-Minors.pdfOn Death Penalty for Minors We are issuing

Republika Pilipinas

Komisyon ng Karapatang Pantao (Commission on Human Rights)

HUMAN R I G H T S ADVISORY C H R - A - 0 2 - 9 9

On Death Penal ty for Minors

W e a r e i s s u i n g t h e f o l l o w i n g H u m a n R i g h t s A d v i s o r y o n t h e

p r o p o s a l t o l o w e r t h e a g e o f m a j o r i t y f r o m 1 8 y e a r s t o 1 6 y e a r s o l d , w i t h

t h e i n t e n t i o n o f i m p o s i n g d e a t h p e n a l t y t o m i n o r s .

1 . T h e s a i d p l a n w i l l v i o l a t e a t l e a s t t w o ( 2 ) i n t e r n a t i o n a l i n s t r u m e n t s

o n h u m a n r i g h t s o f w h i c h t h e P h i l i p p i n e s i s a p a r t y , t h e P h i l i p p i n e

C o n s t i t u t i o n a n d l e g i s l a t i o n e n a c t e d c o n c e r n i n g c h i l d r e n .

A r t i c l e 6 ( 5 ) o f t h e I n t e r n a t i o n a l C o v e n a n t o n C i v i l a n d P o l i t i c a l

R i g h t s r e a d s :

" S e n t e n c e o f d e a t h s h a l l n o t b e i m p o s e d f o r c r i m e s c o m m i t t e d b y p e r s o n s b e l o w e i g h t e e n y e a r s o f a g e a n d s h a l l n o t b e c a r r i e d o u t o n p r e g n a n t w o m e n . "

( U n d e r s c o r i n g s u p p l i e d )

L i k e w i s e , A r t i c l e 3 7 ( a ) o f T h e C o n v e n t i o n o n t h e R i g h t s o f a C h i l d r e a d s :

^ a r A n n i v e r s a r y

1987 - 1997 Dedicated P R O T E C T I O N and P R O M O T I O N of H U M A N R I G H T S

C o m m o n w e a l t h A v e n u e , U . P . C o m p l e x , D i l i m a n , 1 1 0 4 , Q u e z o n C i t y , P h i l i p p i n e s

T e l . N o s . 9 2 6 0 4 5 4 • 9 2 7 8 7 7 2

in the midst o f G L O B A L I Z A T I O N

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0 " N o c h i l d s h a l l b e s u b j e c t e d t o t o r t u r e o r o t h e r c r u e l ,

i n h u m a n o r d e g r a d i n g t r e a t m e n t o r p u n i s h m e n t . N e i t h e r c a p i t a l p u n i s h m e n t n o r l i f e i m p r i s o n m e n t w i t h o u t p o s s i b i l i t y o f r e l e a s e s h a l l b e i m p o s e d f o r o f f e n c e s c o m m i t t e d b y p e r s o n s b e l o w e i g h t e e n y e a r s o f a g e . "

( U n d e r s c o r i n g s u p p l i e d )

U n d e r o u r p r e s e n t l a w , a l l p e r s o n s b e l o w t h e a g e o f e i g h t e e n a r e

c o n s i d e r e d c h i l d r e n (Republic Act No. 6809). A r t i c l e 1 o f t h e C o n v e n t i o n

o n t h e R i g h t s o f t h e C h i l d s t a t e s t h a t a c h i l d m e a n s e v e r y h u m a n b e i n g

b e l o w t h e a g e o f e i g h t e e n y e a r s . A r t i c l e X V , S e c t i o n 3 ( 2 ) o f t h e P h i l i p p i n e

C o n s t i t u t i o n r e a d s :

" T h e r i g h t o f c h i l d r e n t o a s s i s t a n c e , i n c l u d i n g p r o p e r c a r e a n d n u t r i t i o n , a n d s p e c i a l p r o t e c t i o n f r o m a l l f o r m s o f n e g l e c t , a b u s e , c r u e l t y , e x p l o i t a t i o n , a n d o t h e r c o n d i t i o n s p r e j u d i c i a l t o t h e i r d e v e l o p m e n t . "

A s d e c l a r e d i n A r t i c l e 1 o f t h e C h i l d a n d Y o u t h W e l f a r e C o d e (Presidential

Decree No. 603), t h e C h i l d i s o n e o f t h e m o s t i m p o r t a n t a s s e t s o f t h e

n a t i o n . E v e r y e f f o r t s h o u l d b e e x e r t e d t o p r o m o t e h i s w e l f a r e a n d t h e

o p p o r t u n i t y f o r a u s e f u l a n d h a p p y l i f e .

2 . D u e t o t h e i r a g e a n d m e n t a l i m m a t u r i t y , c h i l d r e n n e e d s p e c i a l

p r o t e c t i o n a n d c a r e . I n s t e a d o f t e r m i n a t i n g t h e l i v e s o f m i n o r s , b y

a p p l y i n g d e a t h p e n a l t y f o r s p e c i a l o f f e n d e r s , t h e y s h o u l d b e g i v e n s p e c i a l

p r o t e c t i o n f o r t h e i r d e v e l o p m e n t .

3 . I t i s t h e d u t y o f t h e S t a t e t o e x e r c i s e i t s r o l e a s P a r e n s P a t r i a e t o

p r o v i d e s p e c i a l p r o t e c t i o n t o c h i l d r e n a g a i n s t a l l f o r m s o f n e g l e c t , a b u s e ,

c r u e l t y a n d e x p l o i t a t i o n a n d o t h e r c o n d i t i o n s p r e j u d i c i a l t o t h e i r

d e v e l o p m e n t u n a b l e a s t h e y a r e t o t a k e c a r e o f w h a t c o n c e r n s t h e m . T h e

p o l i t i c a l c o m m u n i t y o f t h e s t a t e s h o u l d l o o k a f t e r t h e i r w e l f a r e (Nery vs.

Lorenzo, 4 4 S C R A 4 3 1 ( 1 9 7 3 ) .

A d v i s _ D p o n l 8 9

Tprl

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4 . C h i l d r e n w h o m a y h a v e c o m m i t t e d o f f e n s e s o r f i n d t h e m s e l v e s i n

c o n f l i c t w i t h t h e l a w s h o u l d b e g i v e n s p e c i a l a t t e n t i o n u n d e r t h e C h i l d

W e l f a r e C o d e (Presidential Decree No. 603). I f a m i n o r i s f o u n d g u i l t y o f

a n o f f e n s e , t h e s e n t e n c e w i l l b e s u s p e n d e d t o g i v e h i m o p p o r t u n i t y f o r

h i s r e h a b i l i t a t i o n .

5 . T h e C o m m i s s i o n o n H u m a n R i g h t s r e i t e r a t e s i t s p o s i t i o n t h a t i t i s

a g a i n s t a n y l a w i m p o s i n g d e a t h p e n a l t y . T h e C o m m i s s i o n a l s o r e i t e r a t e s

t h e R e s o l u t i o n s u b m i t t e d t o t h e S e n a t e t o r a t i f y t h e S e c o n d O p t i o n a l

P r o t o c o l t o t h e I n t e r n a t i o n a l C o v e n a n t o n C i v i l a n d P o l i t i c a l R i g h t s ,

a p p e a l i n g t o a l l s t a t e s t o a b o l i s h d e a t h p e n a l t y i n t h e i r s t a t u t e s . T h e

m a j o r i t y o f t h e n a t i o n s h a v e a l r e a d y a b o l i s h e d d e a t h p e n a l t y w h i c h i s

c o n s i s t e n t w i t h t h e p r o t e c t i o n a n d p r o m o t i o n o f h u m a n r i g h t s . T h e

I n t e r n a t i o n a l C r i m i n a l C o u r t , a p p r o v e d i n R o m e , a n d t h e U N S p e c i a l

T r i b u n a l s , t r y i n g m o r e s e r i o u s c a s e s w i t h g e n o c i d e a n d c r i m e s a g a i n s t

h u m a n i t y d o n o t i m p o s e d e a t h p e n a l t y .

Q u e z o n C i t y , 1 3 S e p t e m b e r 1 9 9 9 .

A d v i s D p o i l l S

/ p r I 3


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