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“The orientation provided by Survey of related literatures is
helpful in making a straight forward statement of need for investigation and
of avoiding two extremes of apologetic attitudes and exaggerated claims”1.
“Effect of selected Yoga Asanas
on Motor abilities of High School students” Phy. Edu. Deptt.
Motor ability
1 C.V. Good, A.S. Barr and D.E. Scaltes, Methodology of Educational Research, New
York.
105
Strength, Speed, Endurance, Agility, Co-ordination, Flexibility, Improve
Dr. Bajrang Dev Singh “Effect of conditioning
Programme with and without Yogic exercises on selected Physical and
Physiological variables.” Conditioning Programme with
Yogic Exercises provided better than the conditioning programme without
yogic exercise. Conditioning Programme with and without Yogic Exercise
had significant effect on the max-Vo2 shuttle run and 600 yards Run-walk.
However, conditioning Programme without Yogic ex. proved better than the
conditioning programme with Yogic Exercise. It is recommended that
conditioning programme with yogic exercise should be given to enhance the
conditioning programme C.P. index.3
Dr. Mahender Singh “Effect of Yoga Asana’s on
Physical and Psychological fitness of college level students in Relation to
sports performance.” Motor-abilities,
strength, speed, flexibility, endurance, agility, co-ordination
Positive effect In sum, the findings of the study provide ample supports to
2 Dr. Rakam Singh Sandhu, “Effect of Selected Yoga Asana’s on Motor ability of high
School students” – Phy. Edu. Dept. K.U.K. 1994. 3 Dr. Bajrang Dev Singh, “Effect of Conditioning Programme with and without Yogic
exercise on Selected Physical and Physiological variables.” – Phy. Edu. Dept. K.U. K.
1994.
106
the conclusion that the regular practice of Yoga asana’s improve physical
and psychological fitness of sports person on most of measures.4
4 Dr. Mahender Singh, “Effect of Yoga” Asanas on Physical and Psychological Fitness of
College level students in Relation to Sports Performances”. – Phy. Edu. Dept. K.U.K.
2000. 5
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Larson and Yocom (1951) surveyed physiological research and
tested 10 components of physical fitness like: (i) Resistance to disease; (ii)
Muscular strength; (iii) Cardiovascular respiratory endurance; (iv) Muscular
power; (v) Flexibility, (vi) Accuracy.
Fleishman has done considerable research in the area of
physical fitness and he recommended nine physical fitness components, such
as, extent flexibility, dynamic flexibility, explosive strength, static strength,
dynamic strength, trunk strength, gross body Co-ordination, gross body
equilibrium and cardiovascular endurance.
Fleishman further grouped these factors in a number of areas
after the factor analysis. The most important among these areas were
strength, flexibility and endurance, which have been invesrtigated for further
research purposes by a number of researchers (Hattinger and Muller (1953),
Mathews and Krauze (1957), Venderhoof (1961), Berger (1962), Burnham
(1966), Shvartz (1966), Bhole (1972), Ganguli (1974) and Gharote (1976)).
Vinekar (1957) has made a study “Asanas in every day life”.
Asana could be done as exercise and as posture. Through the practice of
both types of asanas, one can achieve organic and functional promotion of
health and fitness. As postures they worked on postural substrate and muscle
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tone and thus helped to develop body awareness through proprioception and
vestibular senses. Sensation of pleasant pain felt by the individual.
Herbert de Vries (1961) evaluated the static trretching
procedures of Hathayoga (technically called Asans) for improvement of
flexibility. Comparing the effects of static stretching with that of
conventional ballistic methods of stretching for seven periods of 30 minutes
each, he found that both the methods improved flexibility.
For the purpose of assessing the effect of long term Yogic
training programme on the cardio-vascular efficiency, Campbell and Tricker
(1967) took a sample of eleven male students who were admitted to the yoga
course. The test period continued for 8 months. The training programme
included yogic practices like asanas, kriyas, pranayamasm bandhas, mudras
and also meditation. The fitness index score of initial and final tests were
compared by ‘t’ test. Conclusion of this supported that the long-term yogic
training programme seemed to improve cardiovascular efficiency.
Experimenmts by Karambelkar et al. (1968) have demonstrated
that yoga exercises could reduce the urepepsin secretion and thus induce
relaxation in the body.
Johnson and Spielberger (1968) found that relaxation training
significantly reduced anxiety state.
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Partap (1968) made a study “Steadiness in normal before and
after yogic practices” significant increase in hand steadiness was observed in
26 males and 8 females at the end of one month training in Yoga. “Relax
subject” showed better steadiness as compared with “tense subjects”.
Karambelkar (1969) et al. made a study “Muscles activity in
some asanas”. They found that electricl activity in muscles was reduced
during practice of selected asanas.
Therrien (1969) and Dhanaraj (1974) also confirmed the results
about the improvement in flexibility though yogic exercises.
Certain investigartors (Datay et al., 1969) observed that changes
brought about by this asana were dropped in blood pressure, metabolic rate,
slowing down of respiration and the heart rate a well as increase in the skin
temperature.
Rangan (1969), conducted an experimental study to investigate
the effect of SArvangasana and Halasana on the basal metabolic rate of
athletes. The subjects were 23 students of the first year B.P.E. of Lakshmibai
College of Physical Education, Gwalior, Basal metabolic rates of the
subjects were calculated from oxygen consumption. The mean gain of
experimental group was found to be statistically significant while mean gain
of control group was not statistically significant.
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Moorthy (1982) made a study “Effect of selected yogic asanas
and physical exercise on flexibility”. He find out that yogic asanas as well as
physical exercise improved flexibility of 90 boys and 90 girls after six week
of training as judged by Curton’s flexibility test.
Gore and Bhole (1982) studied the influence of
paschimottanasana on heart rate and compared with isometric practice of
similar type and sit-ups with isotonic background. Thi study was conducted
on 20 male students of teacher training course in Yoga 1979 undergoing a
training in yogic physical culture for four weeks. After 10 days of training in
asana, the students were taken up for experiments. Pulse rate near wrist joint
was measured before, immediately after different conditions given the
sufficient rest in between.
Moorthy (1982) conducted a study on ‘Influence of Selected
Yogic Exercises on Minimum Muscular Fitness of the Elementary School
Children.’ The purpose of the study was to determine the influence of
selected yogic exercises on minimum muscular fitness of the elementary
school children. Some students of 6 to 11 years old form elementary school
were selected and their minimum muscular fitness was measured. Yogic
training programme of selected asanas was given to all the selected subjects
who were ket yogic training programme. Six weeks’ yogic training was
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given to them and after completing the training programme again their
minimum muscular fitness was measured. The result revealed a positive
change amongst the school children.
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"Combined group of (Asana and Pranayam) has been found to be considerably
better in all areas of physical and physiological fitness. This suggests that importance
should be given to Asana and Pranayama both training and completion. The Training
Programmes should be arranged in such away that each one may experience these yogic
practices.
In the Training sessions with other exercises the practice of Asana and Pranayama
should find favour with planners to promote physical and physiological fitness. These
12
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yogic practices are recommended even during off season for athletes specializing in
various games to promote fitness.
Mass participation in yogic Practices in also recommended for sound health and
to arrest psycho physiological Problems.13
13
Usha Deshwas, Effects of Asanas and Pranayamas on Physical and
Physiological Components of Boys between age group 12-16 years.
14
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Swami Ramdev in his book “Yog: Its Philosophy and Practice”
describe easy and simple interpretation of the secrets of metaphysics for
internal purification and meeting with our own soul through the eight yogic
practices established by Saint Patanjali and practical yogic medication to
cure diseases like diabetes, obesity, gas formation, constipation, piles,
stomach problems, backache, cervical spondalities, slip disc, wind problems,
allergy, sinusitis, respiratory problem, migraine, depression, high blood
pressure, stress, hyper cholestimia and heart diseases.24
L.N.C.P.
23
24 Swami Ramdev in his book “Yog: Its Philosophy and Practice”, 2005.