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ON SCENE REPORTS AND SIZE UP
8 CRITICAL FIREGROUND FACTORSINITIAL ON SCENE REPORT
8 FUNCTIONS OF COMMAND
8 FUNCTIONS OF COMMAND
1.1. Assumption, Confirmation, & PositioningAssumption, Confirmation, & Positioning
2.2. Situation EvaluationSituation Evaluation
3.3. CommunicationsCommunications
4.4. DeploymentDeployment
5.5. Strategy & Incident Action PlanningStrategy & Incident Action Planning
6.6. OrganizationOrganization
7.7. Review, Evaluation, & RevisionReview, Evaluation, & Revision
8.8. Continue, Transfer, & Terminate Continue, Transfer, & Terminate Command.Command.
1.1. Assumption, Confirmation, & PositioningAssumption, Confirmation, & Positioning
2.2. Situation EvaluationSituation Evaluation
3.3. CommunicationsCommunications
4.4. DeploymentDeployment
5.5. Strategy & Incident Action PlanningStrategy & Incident Action Planning
6.6. OrganizationOrganization
7.7. Review, Evaluation, & RevisionReview, Evaluation, & Revision
8.8. Continue, Transfer, & Terminate Continue, Transfer, & Terminate Command.Command.
Command Function #1Command Function #1
Assume, Confirm & Position Command
Assume, Confirm & Position Command
To quickly establish and confirm a single IC and to place that IC in the most effective command position.
To quickly establish and confirm a single IC and to place that IC in the most effective command position.
Major Goal:Major Goal:
Command Function #1Command Function #1
Select the proper Command Mode (or position)
Select the proper Command Mode (or position)
IC #1IC #1
IC #2IC #2
IC #2 with IMTIC #2 with IMT
100%100%
15 to 20%15 to 20%
Less than 5%Less than 5%
Command Function #2Command Function #2
Situation EvaluationSituation Evaluation
Command Function #2Command Function #2
Develop a regular approach to Size-Up using the standard information
management forms and the Critical Incident Factors
Develop a regular approach to Size-Up using the standard information
management forms and the Critical Incident Factors
Major Goal:Major Goal:
Strategic Decision Making Model:
Strategic Decision Making Model:
Critical Fireground
Factors
Critical Fireground
Factors Risk Management
Plan
Risk Management
PlanStrategyStrategy
Incident Action
Plan
Incident Action
PlanTactical Priorities
SOP’s
Tactical Priorities
SOP’s
System CoreSystem Core
mostly laws of nature
(unlimited)
mostly laws of nature
(unlimited)
ICICICIC
HAZARDSHAZARDSHAZARDSHAZARDS SAFETY SAFETY SYSTEMSYSTEMSAFETY SAFETY SYSTEMSYSTEM
collapsecollapse toxic insulttoxic insult thermal insultthermal insult getting getting
trappedtrapped getting lostgetting lost
• Adequate numbers oftrained Firefighter’s
• PPE• tools/equipment/
water• safety SOPs • IMS
• Adequate numbers oftrained Firefighter’s
• PPE• tools/equipment/
water• safety SOPs • IMS
man made synthetic
organizational (very limited)
man made synthetic
organizational (very limited)
Intelligence (“Intel”):Intelligence (“Intel”):
Critical Factors are a list of basic items that the IC must consider when evaluating
tactical situations.
Critical Factors are a list of basic items that the IC must consider when evaluating
tactical situations.
Critical Factors fall into 8 Basic categories:Critical Factors fall into 8 Basic categories:
-Building
-Fire
-Occupancy
-Life Hazard
-Building
-Fire
-Occupancy
-Life Hazard
-Arrangement
-Resources
-Action
-Special Circumstances
-Arrangement
-Resources
-Action
-Special Circumstances
Fixed FactorsFixed Factors Variable Factors Variable Factors
•Building
•Occupancy
•Arrangement
•Building
•Occupancy
•Arrangement
•Fire
•Life Hazard
•Resources
•Action
•Special circumstances
•Fire
•Life Hazard
•Resources
•Action
•Special circumstances
Consider Fixed Factors
Manage Variable Factors
Consider Fixed Factors
Manage Variable Factors
Critical Factor - FixedCritical Factor - Fixed
BuildingBuilding•Size – Area & Height
•Interior arrangement
•Construction type
•Age
•Condition
•Value
•Compartmentation/separation
•Outside openings
•Utility characteristics
•Effect the fire has had on structure
•Time projection on fire effects
•How much is left to burn
•Size – Area & Height
•Interior arrangement
•Construction type
•Age
•Condition
•Value
•Compartmentation/separation
•Outside openings
•Utility characteristics
•Effect the fire has had on structure
•Time projection on fire effects
•How much is left to burn
Critical FactorsCritical Factors
OccupancyOccupancy •Specific occupancy
•Type – business, mercantile, public assembly, institutional, industrial,
residential, storage, high rise
•Value associated with occupancy
•Status – open, closed, occupied, vacant, abandoned, under const.
•Type of contents
•Time – as it affects use
•Loss control
•Morale hazard
•Specific occupancy
•Type – business, mercantile, public assembly, institutional, industrial,
residential, storage, high rise
•Value associated with occupancy
•Status – open, closed, occupied, vacant, abandoned, under const.
•Type of contents
•Time – as it affects use
•Loss control
•Morale hazard
Critical FactorsCritical Factors
ArrangementArrangement •Distance of external exposures
•Combustibility of exposures
•Access, arrangement of internal exposures
•Value of exposures
•Most dangerous direction of fire ext.
•Fire effect on exposures
•Barriers or obstruction to operations
•Limitations on apparatus movement
•Multiple Buildings
•Distance of external exposures
•Combustibility of exposures
•Access, arrangement of internal exposures
•Value of exposures
•Most dangerous direction of fire ext.
•Fire effect on exposures
•Barriers or obstruction to operations
•Limitations on apparatus movement
•Multiple Buildings
Critical Factor - VariableCritical Factor - Variable
FIREFIRE •Size
•Extent
•Location
•Stage
•Most dangerous direction of travel
•Time of involvement
•Fire load
•Type & amount of product left to burn
•Product of combustion liberation
•What is fire perimeter
•How widespread is the fire
•Ability to operate on fire
•Size
•Extent
•Location
•Stage
•Most dangerous direction of travel
•Time of involvement
•Fire load
•Type & amount of product left to burn
•Product of combustion liberation
•What is fire perimeter
•How widespread is the fire
•Ability to operate on fire
Critical Factor - VariableCritical Factor - Variable
Life HazardLife Hazard •Location of occupants
•Number of occupants
•Condition of occupants
•Incapacities of occupants
•Resources required for search
•Fire control required for search
•EMS needs
•Fire effect on victims
•Exposures
•Hazards for Firefighters
•Access to victims
•Escape routes
•Location of occupants
•Number of occupants
•Condition of occupants
•Incapacities of occupants
•Resources required for search
•Fire control required for search
•EMS needs
•Fire effect on victims
•Exposures
•Hazards for Firefighters
•Access to victims
•Escape routes
Critical FactorsCritical Factors
ResourcesResources •Staffing & Equipment On-Scene
•Staffing & Equipment Responding
•Staffing & Equipment Available
•Estimate on Response times
•Condition of Responders
•Capability of Personnel
•Capability of Command staff
•Hydrants & Water Supply
•Built-in Protection Systems
•Staffing & Equipment On-Scene
•Staffing & Equipment Responding
•Staffing & Equipment Available
•Estimate on Response times
•Condition of Responders
•Capability of Personnel
•Capability of Command staff
•Hydrants & Water Supply
•Built-in Protection Systems
Critical FactorsCritical FactorsSpecial
CircumstancesSpecial
Circumstances
•Time of day/night
•Day of week
•Season
•Holidays
•Special Events
•Weather
•Social unrest
•Time of day/night
•Day of week
•Season
•Holidays
•Special Events
•Weather
•Social unrest
Critical FactorsCritical FactorsActionAction
•Effect current action is having
•Areas not yet covered
•Stage of operations (tactical priorities)
•Remote IC set-up
•Is an effective IAP in place
•Is an effective organization in place
•What is the worst thing that can happen
•Are operating positions effective
•Are there enough resources
•Are we operating safely
•Is layering in place
•Effect current action is having
•Areas not yet covered
•Stage of operations (tactical priorities)
•Remote IC set-up
•Is an effective IAP in place
•Is an effective organization in place
•What is the worst thing that can happen
•Are operating positions effective
•Are there enough resources
•Are we operating safely
•Is layering in place
8 CRITICAL FIREGROUND FACTORS
• BUILDING• FIRE • OCCUPANCY • LIFE HAZARD• ARRANGEMENT• ACTION • RESOURCES• SPECIAL CIRCUMSTANCES
Identify the 3 most significant Critical Factors, and the most
significant Critical Unknown for the following scenarios
Identify the 3 most significant Critical Factors, and the most
significant Critical Unknown for the following scenarios
Sets & RepsSets & Reps
Critical FactorsCritical Factors
BldgBldg FireFire OccupancyOccupancy LifeLife ArrangementArrangement ResourceResource ActionAction SpecialSpecial
Critical FactorsCritical Factors
BldgBldg FireFire OccupancyOccupancy LifeLife ArrangementArrangement ResourceResource ActionAction SpecialSpecial
Critical FactorsCritical Factors
BldgBldg FireFire OccupancyOccupancy LifeLife ArrangementArrangement ResourceResource ActionAction SpecialSpecial
Critical FactorsCritical Factors
BldgBldg FireFire OccupancyOccupancy LifeLife ArrangementArrangement ResourceResource ActionAction SpecialSpecial
Critical FactorsCritical Factors
BldgBldg FireFire OccupancyOccupancy LifeLife ArrangementArrangement ResourceResource ActionAction SpecialSpecial
Critical FactorsCritical Factors
BldgBldg FireFire OccupancyOccupancy LifeLife ArrangementArrangement ResourceResource ActionAction SpecialSpecial
Critical FactorsCritical Factors
BldgBldg FireFire OccupancyOccupancy LifeLife ArrangementArrangement ResourceResource ActionAction SpecialSpecial
Critical FactorsCritical Factors
BldgBldg FireFire OccupancyOccupancy LifeLife ArrangementArrangement ResourceResource ActionAction SpecialSpecial
Critical FactorsCritical Factors
BldgBldg FireFire OccupancyOccupancy LifeLife ArrangementArrangement ResourceResource ActionAction SpecialSpecial
Critical FactorsCritical Factors
BldgBldg FireFire OccupancyOccupancy LifeLife ArrangementArrangement ResourceResource ActionAction SpecialSpecial
Critical FactorsCritical Factors
BldgBldg FireFire OccupancyOccupancy LifeLife ArrangementArrangement ResourceResource ActionAction SpecialSpecial
Command Function #3Command Function #3
CommunicationsCommunications
Command Function #3Command Function #3
Major Goal:Major Goal:
To initiate, maintain and
control efficient Incident
communications
To initiate, maintain and
control efficient Incident
communications
Center communications around the tactical benchmarks
Center communications around the tactical benchmarks
Major Goal:Major Goal:
To Provide and manage a steady,
adequate, and timely stream of
appropriate resource
To Provide and manage a steady,
adequate, and timely stream of
appropriate resource
Command Function #4Command Function #4
Call for resources based on the most rapid, accurate, current and forecasted event profile you
can develop – based on the tactical priorities
Call for resources based on the most rapid, accurate, current and forecasted event profile you
can develop – based on the tactical priorities
There a 2 different Statuses that Companies fall into on the incident scene:
There a 2 different Statuses that Companies fall into on the incident scene:
Unassigned Unassigned - Staged- Staged
- Rehabbing - Rehabbing - Rehabbed &- Rehabbed &Ready to go Ready to go
Assigned Assigned - 1st Unit to a
location- 1st Unit to a
location
- To a SDG- To a SDG
- On-Deck in SDG- On-Deck in SDG
- Recycle in SDG- Recycle in SDG
The foundation of any IMS system is:
STAGING
The foundation of any IMS system is:
STAGING
Level 1 - StagingLevel 1 - StagingApplies to all initial responders (1st Alarm)
1st Engine, Truck Co. & BC respond directly to the scene
Immediately goes into effect after Initial Radio Report from IC #1
All subsequent arriving units stage 1 block away in their direction of travel not passing their last tactical option
Applies to all initial responders (1st Alarm)
1st Engine, Truck Co. & BC respond directly to the scene
Immediately goes into effect after Initial Radio Report from IC #1
All subsequent arriving units stage 1 block away in their direction of travel not passing their last tactical option
Level 2 - StagingLevel 2 - StagingIn effect for greater alarms
1st Engine typically becomes initial staging officer – upgrade with staff if poss.
IC should designate location and separate radio channel
Will require CP helper to manage logistic channel – Active incident, should upgrade Command Post
In effect for greater alarms
1st Engine typically becomes initial staging officer – upgrade with staff if poss.
IC should designate location and separate radio channel
Will require CP helper to manage logistic channel – Active incident, should upgrade Command Post
Hot ZoneHot Zone
Warm ZoneWarm Zone
BCBC
FITFIT
Level II StagingLevel II Staging
E 1E 1
E 3E 3
E 2E 2
E 4E 4
L 1L 1
E 5E 5
On-DeckOn-Deck
On-DeckOn-Deck
E-10E-10
E-11E-11 E-12E-12
3 Deep Deployment Model
3 Deep Deployment Model
SDG Co.s working in the Hazard Zone
SDG Co.s working in the Hazard Zone
On-Deck CompaniesOn-Deck
CompaniesCompanies in StagingCompanies in Staging
E-13E-13
E-14E-14
ICIC S.O.S.O.
S.A.S.A.
LogisticsLogistics
BCBC
FITFIT
Command VanCommand Van
StagingStaging
E 1E 1
E 3E 3
E 2E 2
E 4E 4
L 1L 1
E 5E 5
Tactical Channel Ch. 2
Tactical Channel Ch. 2
Safety Channel
Ch. 3
Safety Channel
Ch. 3
Logistics Channel
Ch. 4
Logistics Channel
Ch. 4
BCBC FITFIT
BCBC FITFIT
Warm ZoneWarm Zone
Safety SectionSafety
Section
Hot ZoneHot
Zone
The Command Post Communication AdvantageThe Command Post Communication Advantage
Command Function #5Command Function #5
Identify Strategy/Develop Incident Action Plan (IAP)
Identify Strategy/Develop Incident Action Plan (IAP)
Major Goal:Major Goal:
To use a systematic method to make basic strategy
decisions, and to develop and initiate
a Tactical IAP
To use a systematic method to make basic strategy
decisions, and to develop and initiate
a Tactical IAP
Command Function #5Command Function #5
Apply the standard risk-management plan throughout the incident:
Apply the standard risk-management plan throughout the incident:
We will Risk our Lives A LOT, to Save SAVABLE Lives
We will Risk our Lives A LOT, to Save SAVABLE Lives
We will Risk our Lives A LITTLE, in a HIGHLY Calculated Manner, to Save Savable PropertyWe will Risk our Lives A LITTLE, in a HIGHLY Calculated Manner, to Save Savable Property
We will NOT Risk our Lives AT ALL, for what is ALREADY LOST (people or property)
We will NOT Risk our Lives AT ALL, for what is ALREADY LOST (people or property)
The IC uses the incident’s Critical Factors and the Risk Management Plan to determine the
overall Incident Strategy
The IC uses the incident’s Critical Factors and the Risk Management Plan to determine the
overall Incident Strategy
Offensive Inside
Offensive Inside
Defensive Outside
Defensive Outside
Implement an action plan to match the overall strategy.
Implement an action plan to match the overall strategy.
Offensive IAPOffensive IAP Defensive IAPDefensive IAPRescue Fire Control Loss Control
Cust. Stabilization
Rescue Fire Control Loss Control
Cust. Stabilization
Establish Cut-offs Define Hazard Zone Search exposures Protect exposures
Establish Cut-offs Define Hazard Zone Search exposures Protect exposures
Major Goal:Major Goal:To develop an effective incident organization
using the Sector/Division/Group system to decentralize an delegate geographic
and functional responsibility
To develop an effective incident organization
using the Sector/Division/Group system to decentralize an delegate geographic
and functional responsibility
Command Function #6Command Function #6
Match and balance organization to size/structure/complexity of the
operating resources
Match and balance organization to size/structure/complexity of the
operating resources
Forecast and establish geographic &functional sectors/divisions/groups
Forecast and establish geographic &functional sectors/divisions/groups
Correctly name SDG’sCorrectly name SDG’s
Limit units assigned to sectors to five (5)Limit units assigned to sectors to five (5)
Hot ZoneHot Zone
Warm ZoneWarm Zone
Task LevelTask Level
Follow SOP’s
Get into the game properly
Manage crew’s accountability: voice, vision, or touch
Round trip ticket in hazard zone
All members stay on hoseline
Max distance inside; 175 feet
Manage crew’s work cycle
Always keep crew intact
Follow SOP’s
Get into the game properly
Manage crew’s accountability: voice, vision, or touch
Round trip ticket in hazard zone
All members stay on hoseline
Max distance inside; 175 feet
Manage crew’s work cycle
Always keep crew intact
ResponsibilitiesResponsibilitiesCo. OfficerCo. Officer
FirefightersFirefighters
HoselineHoseline
“Safety Zones”“Safety Zones”
6 ft6 ft 6 ft6 ft
16 ft16 ft
CaptCapt
Tactical LevelTactical Level
BC / TacticalBC / Tactical FIT / SafetyFIT / SafetyResponsibilitiesResponsibilities
-Risk Management
-Tactical Priorities
-Positions match conditions
-Sector IAP
-Coordinate w/ other Sectors
-Sector Plan matches IC Plan
-Risk Management
-Tactical Priorities
-Positions match conditions
-Sector IAP
-Coordinate w/ other Sectors
-Sector Plan matches IC Plan
-Accountability
-Air Management
-Manages Work-Rest Cycles
-Manages On-Deck crews,
Recycle & Rehab
- Communicate with Safety
Section
-Accountability
-Air Management
-Manages Work-Rest Cycles
-Manages On-Deck crews,
Recycle & Rehab
- Communicate with Safety
Section
Hot ZoneHot Zone
Warm ZoneWarm Zone
BCBC
FITFIT
E-1E-1
E-2E-2E-3E-3
On-Deck
On-Deck
“Safety Zones”“Safety Zones”
60 ft60 ft
Command VanCommand Van
ICIC
Strategic Level (ISO)Strategic Level (ISO)
SOSO
SASA
Safety SectionSafety
Section
Lo
gis
tics
Lo
gis
tics
-Overall Safety Boss & Manage Hazard Zone
-Actions based on SOP’s and Fire Command (IMS)
-Perform 8 Functions of Command
-Evaluate Inc. Critical Fireground Factors
-Risk Management Analysis
-Develop and Manage Strategy
-Coordinate the IAP with Sectors
-Manage the completion of the Tactical Priorities
-Resource deliverer based on Sector requirements
-Overall Safety Boss & Manage Hazard Zone
-Actions based on SOP’s and Fire Command (IMS)
-Perform 8 Functions of Command
-Evaluate Inc. Critical Fireground Factors
-Risk Management Analysis
-Develop and Manage Strategy
-Coordinate the IAP with Sectors
-Manage the completion of the Tactical Priorities
-Resource deliverer based on Sector requirements
Responsibilities of theResponsibilities of theIncident Commander
(ISO)Incident Commander
(ISO)
Safety Zone = Entire Inc.Safety Zone = Entire Inc.
360º360º
Command Function #7Command Function #7
Review, Evaluation, and RevisionReview, Evaluation, and Revision
Major Goal:Major Goal:
To confirm that the current IAP is meeting the tactical
requirements of the incident that adequately provides for
the safety of the workers, and to identify and address
any areas that are not covered
To confirm that the current IAP is meeting the tactical
requirements of the incident that adequately provides for
the safety of the workers, and to identify and address
any areas that are not covered
Command Function #7Command Function #7
Command Function #8Command Function #8
Continuing, Transferring, and Terminating Command
Continuing, Transferring, and Terminating Command
Major Goal:Major Goal:To provide the required duration of command
necessary to complete the tactical priorities, to
standardize how command is transferred, and to insure
that operations are safely concluded
To provide the required duration of command
necessary to complete the tactical priorities, to
standardize how command is transferred, and to insure
that operations are safely concluded
Command Function #8Command Function #8
Assume, maintain and upgrade effective command positioning
Assume, maintain and upgrade effective command positioning
Command Function #8Command Function #8
Continuing, Transferring, and Terminating Command
Continuing, Transferring, and Terminating Command
Major Goal:Major Goal:To provide the required duration of command
necessary to complete the tactical priorities, to
standardize how command is transferred, and to insure
that operations are safely concluded
To provide the required duration of command
necessary to complete the tactical priorities, to
standardize how command is transferred, and to insure
that operations are safely concluded
Command Function #8Command Function #8
Assume, maintain and upgrade effective command positioning
Assume, maintain and upgrade effective command positioning
Initial On – Scene Report Unit IDBuilding InfoStories – Size – Occupancy TypeWhat’s ShowingNothing – Light Smoke – Smoke – Working FireSupply LineHave Supply or need Supply360 Situational ReportWhat’s going onStrategyOffensive or DefensiveActionsFire Attack Search and Rescue, Blitz Attack, Rescue via ladder etcEstablish CommandAccountabilityResourcesSafety HazardsExposures
CRITICAL FACTORS AND SIZE UP
CRITICAL FACTORS AND SIZE UP
CRITICAL FACTORS AND SIZE UP
CRITICAL FACTORS AND SIZE UP
CRITICAL FACTORS AND SIZE UP
CRITICAL FACTORS AND SIZE UP
CRITICAL FACTORS AND SIZE UP