On the evolution of gis and the spatial enabling of information armando guevara

© Armando Guevara – On the Spatial Enabling of Information 1

On the Evolution of GIS and

The Spatial Enabling of Information

“The Science of Where”

Continuation of White Paper First Written in 1994

Dr. Armando [email protected]

http://www.slideshare.net/armando_guevara/on-the-spatial-enabling-of-

information-paradigm-rev-06?from_search=17

@WhereScience


Where are we? Where are we going?

Far behind in time we have left the

days when cartographers drew map

reports of travelers and for areas not

known the phrase “Terra Incógnita”

was written.


Vision and Creation

In a map we can see the past, the

present and the future… .


Visionary

Having or showing clear ideas about

what should happen or be done in

the future. Having or showing a

powerful imagination. A person that

by knowledge, experience and

practice establishes the foundation

to create, or creates, the future.


Some “Recent” Visionaries

• Galileo Galilei

• Leonardo Da Vinci

• Jules Verne

• Charles Babbage

• Alexander G. Bell

• Thomas Edison

• Albert Einstein

Leonardo

Galileo

Charles

Alexander

Thomas

Albert


Some “recent” IT VisionariesEnterprises and Entrepreneurs

William (Bill) Gates III

• Intel

• IBM

• Hewlett Packard

• SUN / DELL

• APPLE

• NetScape

• AOL

• ORACLE

• Xerox Menlo Park

• CDC / Cray Research

• Others…


Some Geospatial Visionaries/Pioneers(North American-Centric)

� Roger Tomlinson

� Duanne Marble

� Tom Peucker

� Michael Goodchild

� Scott Morehouse

� Nicholas Chrisman

� Geoffrey Dutton

� Others…

Jack Dangermond (right)


Innovation at Hand

Three Key Ongoing Paradigm Shifts

� Miniaturization – electronics smaller and smaller

� Digitization – all is digital / faster

� Integration / Interoperability / “Intelligence”


Digital Integration

A Game Changer Revolution

Source: Guevara 1994 On the Spatial Enabling of Information

http://www.slideshare.net/armando_guevara/on-the-spatial-enabling-of-information-paradigm-

rev-06?from_search=17

• Mobile Phone

• Email/Internet

• Games

• TV / Cameras / Sensors

• Radio / CD / Video

• GPS

• Command / Control / Robotics

• Navigators

• Planning

• Holograms

• Augmented and virtual reality

• And much more…

Once independent (some analog) industries,

manufacturers, products – are now all in

ONE


Digital Integration

A Game Changer Revolution




• Mobile Phone

• Email/Internet

• Games

• TV / Cameras / Sensors

• Radio / CD / Video

• GPS

• Command / Control / Robotics

• Navigators

• Planning

• Holograms

• Augmented and virtual reality

• And much more…

Once independent (some analog) industries,

manufacturers, products – are now all in

ONE


Enabling IT Trends (1980’s to present)

1. Smaller

2. Faster

3. More for less (storage, processing, devices)

4. Rapid obsolescence

5. Higher resolution

6. Higher accuracy (metric)

7. Sensing intelligence, e.g. Visual Intelligence

8. Smarter assisting and autonomous devices

9. eConsumables

10. Device-content eCosystems (device-web “cloud”) verticals

(dumb_terminal-mainframe; client-server; client-cloud)





Gartner: Top 10 Strategic

Technology Trends For 2014

1. Mobile Device Diversity and Management

2. Mobile Apps and Applications

3. The Internet of Everything

4. Hybrid Cloud and IT as Service Broker

5. Cloud/Client Architecture

6. The Era of Personal Cloud

7. Software Defined Anything

8. Web-Scale IT

9. Smart machines

10. 3-D Printing and manufacturing

Source: http://www.forbes.com/sites/peterhigh/2013/10/14/gartner-top-10-

strategic-technology-trends-for-2014/

© Visual Intelligence Company Confidential

© Visual Intelligence Company Confidential


IT Market Trends and Indicators

PCs Declining but strong. Portables outsell desktops.Source: http://www.pctoday.com/DigitalIssues/PCToday/PT____1110__/

Mature: US and Europe

Emerging: Other


IT Market Trends and Indicators

Gartner’s Spending Forecast 2013Source: http://www.pctoday.com/DigitalIssues/PCToday/PT____1104__/


Next: Innovation At Hand

INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY

� Digital integration – multi scale/n-dimensional / temporal

� Interoperable virtual 3D “worlds”/domains

� Robotics/UVS and voice/brain-wave driven devices

GEOSPATIAL TECHNOLOGY

� The map of the future is an intelligent virtual n-dimensional world of the world.Source: Guevara 1994 On the Spatial Enabling of Information




UVS – Robotics – Navigating the 3D World

“Smart Machines”

This era will be the most disruptive in the history of

IT by the proliferation of:

� contextually aware, intelligent personal

assistants (voice/brain-wave driven)

� smart advisors (e.g., IBM Watson)

� advanced global industrial systems

� autonomous vehicles

Source: http://www.forbes.com/sites/peterhigh/2013/10/14/gartner-top-10-

strategic-technology-trends-for-2014/


How innovation is led - KISS

Modular – Scalable - Interoperable1. Solve “user’s pains”. Solutions that easily evolve, integrate, interoperate and escalate using One base

software/HW architecture for all apps - airborne, to ground, to mobile/handheld.

2. Correct, Robust & Reliable -performs consistently all the time.

3. Highest quality system solution (software, hardware); output easily ingestible by any 3rd party processing software. More for less digital paradigm.

4. Highest collection capacity & resolution – best in class.

5. Best value –economical, cost of ownership- apples to apples.

6. Automated, easy to use - minimal manual intervention workflow. UVS-ready.

7. Speed - fastest in class collection, processing and automated workflow.

8. Easy to deploy, maintain and upgrade software and hardware. Development follows object oriented (OO) paradigm and rigorous software engineering practices.

9. Innovate - do it right, right now; do not kludge or reinvent the wheel. Hustle with highest sense of urgency.

10. "Smartest" – clever designs and implementations, OO-P, reusable components (“Out of the box thinking”).


gIs Value Chain

Collect Imagery

2D Base Mapping

GIS - Imagery

3D Applications

Web Content

PaaS/AaaS 2D/3D

Gaming

AR/VR 3D


gIs Applications

$ Geoimaging Value Added $$$

Airborne Sensors / UVS / UAV / Mobile / Robotics / Handheld


Device-Content gIs



A Geographic Paradigm Shift


“Space… the final frontier…”

• Spatial is everything… it is universal… it is infinite…

• Everything happens somewhere…

• The container and contained theory….

• Geospatial is everything locatable on the surface of the earth…

• Location is n-dimensional… it is macro… it is micro…

• Location is defined by geometry…

• All things are locatable in some space and therefore have relations…

• Relations are defined by topology… if location changes the relation may change…

• Gravity is about the interaction between the location of things…

• The Science of Where… Reality… Virtual Reality…Augmented Reality… “What is reality? it is all a mere illusion… a persistent one, mind you…” (Einstein)


The evolution of GIS - Geography

Idea…

Implementation…

Acceptance…

Disruptive

change…

®



Gis1970-1980

Idea…

Implementation…

Acceptance…

Disruptive

change…

®

From paper to digital.

Automation of maps.

Digitizing maps.

Taking geographic

analysis “to the

computer”.



Gis1970-1980

GIS1980-1990

Idea…

Implementation…

Acceptance…

Disruptive

change…

®

From files to data bases

Spatial data vs non spatial data

Raster vs vector

G Integration with DBMS

Computerized geographic tool



Gis1970-1980

GIS1980-1990 gIS

1990-2000

Idea…

Implementation…

Acceptance…

Disruptive

change…

®

It’s about information systems

All data digital - spatially enabled

Digital Data – Lots of Data

Emergence vertical information apps



Gis1970-1980

GIS1980-1990 gIS

1990-2000

…from a geocentric paradigm to an information-centric one…

Idea…

Implementation…

Acceptance…

Disruptive

change…

®


Once upon a time… and still some times…

my-city-information-system.com


I

Ingenious (engineering)

Innovation

Integration

Interoperability

Interactivity

Interdisciplinary

IIIInference

Information

Inalámbrico (wireless)

The evolution of GIS - Information

2000-2010

GoogleEarth – BING – Yahoo Maps – Here - Others

Emergence and growth of “social networks and sensing”

Rise of the Internet of Everything and the Science of Where


Then… Now


IIIIImagery

IIIInformation

Intelligence

The evolution of GIS - Intelligence

IIIIntelligent IIIInternet (IIIIncreasingly)

2010+

(googols - 1 followed by 100 zeros)

Multidimensional data (spatial/temporal)

Intelligently Fused – spatial/temporaral co-registered

Autonomous Intelligent decision assisting systems

Rise of the spatially enabled machines


From the image to information to knowledgeInformation

Decisions / Actions

Users / UVS(Social Sensors)

Rule-Based Virtual Data Bases

Virtual n-D Worlds

KnowledgeIntelligence

Images/Data

n-Dimensional

Multimedia

Data

Sources

Fusion and “intelligent”

integration• Processing as a Service

• Data as a Service

• Software as a Service

• Information as a Service

• Applications as a Service

“The Cloud”


Challenges – “Big Data”

Source:

http://www.pctoday.com/DigitalIssues/PCToday/PT____1111__/

The “Internet of Everything”

Source: Ordnance Survey/linkeddata.org


Multidimensional (x,y,z,t)Integrated

Information Management

2D

3D



Foundation for the Science of Where

The process of designing, developing, and implementing

solutions that integrate geospatial, information and

communication technologies that seek to optimize

workflows and reduce operating costs by leveraging “where

knowledge” in an innovative way is called “the spatial

enabling of information”.


Shifting Gears into 3D

A Digital 3D World of the World – through Time

• Emergency Response

• Home Land Security

• AEC

• Real State

• Insurance

• Defense

• Situational Awareness

• Simulation

• Virtual Reality

• Augmented Reality

• Gaming

• Imagination is the limit

Source: www.cubecities.com


Augmented Reality

What is reality?

The Real World as an Operating System The future of computing

Reality is merely an illusion, albeit a very persistent one.

Albert Einstein

Source: www.youtube.com


I for Interior Modeling

Source: www.floored.com


Conclusions?

The Future?

Technology Society

“Digital Social Networks”

…connecting the dots…


From “data” to knowledge to intelligence

Human knowledge stored in rule-based data bases

n-dimensionally fused with ALL data (MACRO and micro)

Automatedknowledge-based

decisions and actions. Intelligent foundation for UVS.


GIS – Geography


• It all happens somewhere.

• The n-dimensional spatial domain is a topologically and geometrically integrating and convergent domain. The “ultimate

container”.

• Where you are affects where you are… and where you will be: law of gravity.

Say what!?


gIs - I for Imagination

“Logic will get you from A to Z;

imagination will get you everywhere.”

“If you want your children to be

intelligent, read them fairy tales.

If you want them to be more

intelligent, read them more fairy

tales.”


On the Evolution of GIS and



Continuation of White Paper First Written in 1994

To be continued…

Dr. Armando [email protected]

@WhereScience

Date post:	26-May-2015
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