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Title On the Stratigraphical Position of the Stone Implements of Pre-Jomon Culture Newly found at Tarukishi and Vicinity,Southwestern Hokkaido

Author(s) Minato, Masao

Citation Journal of the Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University. Series 4, Geology and mineralogy, 9(3), 319-335

Issue Date 1956-03

Doc URL http://hdl.handle.net/2115/35886

Type bulletin (article)

File Information 9(3)_319-336.pdf

Hokkaido University Collection of Scholarly and Academic Papers : HUSCAP

ON THE STRATgGRAPHICAL POSXTION OF T]E{E STONE XMPLEMENTS OF PRE-JOMON CULTURE NEWLY FOVND AT TARUKifSHX AND VkCiNXTY, SOI[Jr]rHWESTERN HO]KKAXDO

By

Masao MINATO '(Contribution from the Department of Geology and Mineralogy,

' Faeulty of Seienee, Hbkkaido University. No. 636)

1. Introduction

Since maRy years ago the oldest stone implements found in Hokkaidohave been believed, from the associated pottery objects, to date back to

early Jomon" in age. The Jomon age in Hokkaido has been regardedusually to have begtm some 7000 years ago. Unti} a short time ago no-body was aware that any kind of races had inhabitated in this island aslong ago as the Pre-Jomon age.

Very recently, however new faets have been brought to light by theearnest investigations of such archaeologists as Messrs. HmoMIcm IKoNo,

SOSUI<E SUGIHARA, CHosuKE SERIzAwA, TosHIo OBA and espeeially ofMAsAi{Azu YosmzAKI. They have shoxNrn that there are aetually existingstone irriplements of very old type in various districts of Hokkaido, whieh

should be regarded as dating back as far as Pre-Jomon in age.

Such implements are found in malty localities of Shirataki and Aino-nai district in Kitami Provinee, northeastern Hokkaido, and also in variousloea}ities of Shiribeshi Provinee, southwestern IEE[ol<kaido, such as Taru--

kishi, Ka'ributo, Oshamanbe, Rankoshi and Konbu.

Recently, in cooperation with t,he above-named archaeologists, thepresent writer as a geologist was engaged in a field suirvey eoncem}ed with

the stratigraphical horizok of these stoRe implements. The purpose o£the survey was to aseertain the age of the culture beds.

It is expected that the true characteristies of the eultures and in-

W) This means the rope pattern pottery (Jomon-doki) eulture. The phrase "Pre-Jomon culture" is now employed by the Japanese arehaeologists as synonymous with the non-

ceramie enlture. (see bibliography)

320 M. MINATO

'ree. '

eeas

Fig. 1. Site C at Nishitomi. A point where three men are standing is the sjte yielding microlithie tools.

dtistries of the Pre-Jomon Age in }Iokkaido wil} be reported in the Rear

futuye by the arehaeologists. In the present paper it is ptroposed briefly

to recoxd oAly the writey's fie}d observations eoneernlRg the cultuye }ayers

at Tarukishi and its vicinity, where theye were found a few differentlayers yielding characteristic lmp}ements vv'hieh show probably differentcu}ture stages,

As be£ore mentioned, sites yielding such comparatively older types ofimplements have beeR lmown already at 'severa} loealities in }Iokkaido;

even in Kitami Province alone, the sites Aumber as many as twenty. Therefore the present writer wishes to deal vLTith all of therr} in aseyies of forthcoming papers. This is the first report on the stratigraphy of those artifact-yielding Iayer.

lj. Before going further, the writer wishes here to express his indebtedness to the archaeologists, Dr. [E[. IKoNo, Dr. Si

CNv-}gTA.reu

pievg.7-,CS.SI£ileIHiroM,

OEI)lllllYliinitMcoAiil."A'

Fig. 2.

SHIRATAKi e .ASAHtGAWA

SAPPeRO

s

AltVONAt

KUSHI O

SUGIHARA, l])r. C. SERIzAwA, Dr. T. OBA,and Mr. M. YosHIzAKi who have givenvaluable suggestions throughout the course

of the present sttidy. Ke wishes a}so tooffer sineere thanks "Lo the direetor and

curators of the Hakodate IV[tmieipalMuseum, IMIessrs. S. [l]Ai<Eucm, M. Ism-I<AwA, Hi. HIIMENo, Y, NIsHmA, ]il, Cmyo

Stratigraphical Position of the Stone Implements of Pre-Jomon Culture '32!

foy their financial support and cooperation in the field survey at Tarukishi.

A}so he is mueh in indebted to Messrs. K. KANETA, S. IwAMA and I.

MuRAKAMI for their kindness mguiding him to the sites whereIzze,'.m,?･Ezm,xg7,kogi,d.b,g,ls,"."su /

For prepaying illustrations of this

paper, the writer greatly owes to

Mr. S. KuMANo and Mr. iM[. MAE-JIMA (Kutchan IHigher Sehool),

for which he wishes £o express histhanks.

Z. Tarukishi

Tarukishi is a sma.ll villagesituated iiear Kuromatsunai-Maehi

(town) along the railway line from

Hakodate t,o Sapporo, In the re-gion of Tarukishi, most of the areais in the eonfiguration of elevated

hi}ls which are almost fiat at their

tops and then gently slope in some

directions. The marginal payt ofthese hills is generally disseete,d by

small tivers and their tributayies.

The stone implemeiits which

have recently attrac±Led attentionwere found on one of these hills.

The actua} site is shown in text-fig.

3; it is about 100 m above sea leve}.

The area arotmd that site was re-

cently brought undey cultivationfor the first time, and the imple-

ments were found under the sur-face soil, when the owner-farmerwas p}oughing. That was in June,1953.

The farmer, My. JuNsUKFTAKAHAsHI, seltt a few of the im-

t'dy&geg,,. '

e

-e :tti

-- -t

g (ijf9

j ･･.be}" .,

v"- -

s---::--i- a-- ot 1 -" t

t

-- - i= E-

id --ee

1`.'.

1

-;

rl

slot

it-

,

9s.4

2

E]/g ii] g,

ma5ES4i-,: .. $:-ee6

x7

Nnhano-Ritene o leooN ut

:

:-:

Lel

ra-

'･'y

'ta-.

ilili

@

caea <s,

se

ff, ig. 3.

of

Distribution of terraees in the

Tarukishi.

I: Nakanogawa terraee 2: Yubetsu terrace 3: Neppugawa terraee 4: Tarukishi terraee

5: Warabino ter}'aee

6: Igarashi tevraee

7: Site of stone implements

region

322 M. MINATO

plements foLmd in assoeiation with chips to the Municipal Museum ofII[akodate. Se singuiay were the fornis of the stone implements as seen atfirst glance, that the direetor and curators of the museum considered them

probably to belong to the Pre-Jomon culture. This view was later sub-

stantiated by the investigation o£ such archaeologists as Messrs. H. KoNo,S. SUGIHARA, T. OBA and M. YosffIzAKI.

In July, 1954, the curators of the Hakodate Mtmicipal Mttseum(Messrs. M. IsmKAwA, H. IEIIMENo'and H. CHIyo) went to Tarukishi andmade some preliminary excavation under the leadership of the director of

the museum (Mr. S. TAI<EucHI) at the site where the farmer £ound theimpldmeRts for the first time.

Upon that oceasion the exeavators were suecessful in collectingfurther material. It was definitely and clearly ascertained that the stone

:

t

'

'

}

,

},'

x

,n'

gy･

tt,}..N

ig

k･ .,,･i,,

k･,.

wt/

?liiili

ttt tt

waeei' kfipe. ,

ma'il･,'.i

Fig. 4. Blades found at [I]aitul{ishi; colleetion of the

The left sided large tol] is about 23em in }ength.

a･za

HakodateMaterial:

Munieipal Museum. shaie.

Photo by IsHIKAWA

Stratigraphicai Position of the Stone Implements of Pre-Jomon Culture 323

implements were derived fyom vsTithin the clay layer under the stwface:gwwdBge,t,gee.im.p.Le{}eg}ks,Sgg&tS,e;l,gyt'th,?h"es,,giS".o,g,c%ns.xAXtX,llth,,an.Y,

that site or in the immediate vieinity. ･' In September of the same year the arehaeologists (KoNo, 0gA andSuGII{ARA) again engaged in exeavat:ion at the same point in cooperation

with ,m,e,] :9,e.r,sfias,hg,sg?fi..e,f,g'h.e,.",g'k.O{',a'te,,M,SZine,a,i,,iM[,tYg,e.llih,,.,,,.,

2I3A,M.,gY'geTA,ft':Kh,",ggftSaHrie2h6g?gUff'Ra`lilt9ol?SSe9Xfg,atVaf/1,9ii'li,e8,I[,le?･,`8,ZS.,M.aSi,Y,X,S

' Of the tools, blades aye mest mnneroLis, with a few fabyicators and

ICiaradgearSp£OelliOmVii':]agiyrlenpotrhtiSinregg.aaiXngGseepsrs･KoNoandOBAhavealready

:,:,g,ee,estrkr,"ii/j,r.･s,Zlilj?i･',;eco:e{,I/A/?fad,iillliww･E,ge,eait:bge,g,Xoi£fgtsSlesk･,w,ge,k.:,kg,,.;,g,g:,,,

a,,,.fZxefi,/j,t:･,,gi'g",i,r.N"ftIi,eP.g,h9･,Ftzzit,`,M.L"%i}g,"Rs.,aig,rr,uafg,bgel:}6,w,e,r.'

E, {.r--ss B / (t,K,/

,c

ix' )'

1 /s

l.i Y

t'':' i,

1' 'IL

xf

f

i Lf /gg.

11 il

/"

rfx(

l(.i) 'ilUi

Fig. S. BIades found at'Tarukishi

side of fig. 4, while the rlght three

the seeond position from the right side ilt fig. 4.

x

7

/-]-ts

x}i'

LY

'"'rtlt

The three text figures on the le£t show the same tool figured in the left

figures show the same tool figured at

su

eo

Je

to

to

N

324 , M. MINATothe basement of the area. These agglomerates are observed to be gradual-

Iy decomposed upwayds everywhere, aiid a horizon ranging from the sur-

face to the mean depth 2m shows that there is a tendency to transform

The clay in this layer is brown or orange in colour, and includes afairly large number of various-sized breccias of andesite which are also

quite decomposed. The minerals ineluded in the ciay, besides the elay min-erals and

natural glass are the same sort as in the matrix of the underlyingagglomerate.

Between the agglomerate and the clay layer no sharp boundary lineis noticeable, as before mentioned. The matrix of the agglornerate in its

upper portions beoomes softened and altered to clay, while as for thebreccias of the agglomerate, they also in higher portions are much de-

composed.

Such being the case, the stratigraphical Telation between the ag-glomeratic eomplexes and its eovering clay layer shows a blended un-conformity; the latter should.without doubt be regarded as the weathering

product p.f the former.

All the stone implements together with the chips were found at this

site to be buried in the upper part o£ the elay layer, which is covered byblack surfaee soi}, 10 cm in thickness.

To state it in slightly more detail, the stone imp}ements and chips

are contained in the elay layer and were distributed withiR a definite

horizon, ranging from its top to the depth of ca 50 cm below the surface.

HorizoRtally they vLrere scattered in a sub-elliptical area, 7 × 10 m in size. Therefore, the stone implements and ehips aTe sure}y older than the

surface soil, but they may be contemporaneous with, or date from a short

Whmbtnolonv Y ,, Jgar;}sAg rs"ne meuee.fthe,..,..,.,,,2,,,,,,,....th,.,NA'ec,"t"o:R'illitlla,,`,,"/ff"yfen2"li,iiliik',gk,,,,,,El;"?';tz`,,,,uaz.ltut.,,of,,,vaL.buYib,,."Ol2g{?2/i,ll,il,,,,t,,,..,,,.ha,.,,Z

X ets" )Lig£arrtotntaneg Maneg

inye-/Vbkattok`ttvERv-AUu`,taC dmsdt graLitgtbed

Fiev. 6. e terraees in

A diagramatie profile to show the stratigraphical rdlation

variable Tarukishi.

7krme /V2zebttecushct grxzveL bed

'Aif1,kt,neksua ynzcFeL bed

'height in the region of

between various

Stratigraphieal Position of the Stone Imptements of Pre-Jomon Culture 325

time after the formation of the clay layer.

Accordingly the problem comes down to the period of the formationof the c}ay material which eonstitutes the mailt part of the clay iayer.That is to say, the geoiogica! age of the sLLone implernents now in question

may be regarded to make a eorrelation with that of the clay layer whichrest-s on the underlying agglomerate eomplex.

In the neighborhood of Tarukishi, }ow elevated plateaux or hillsoeeupy the main area as already stated, and the site of the stone imple--meRts now in problem, is on one of these hi!ls.

Topographically speaking, all these plateaux in this region beloiig tothe so-ealled successive terraees in variable height.

Some of these terraces are composed of gravels and eoarse sands,while others are free from such deposits, except for the weatheying

product derived from the underlying rocks. . The sequenee of these suceessive terraees may be enumerated as fol-lows, from younger to older:

Al}uvia} deposits ......,,..,.Pre-Alluvial plane ..,,....,.....,...,.,.,.,,..,,....,,......,.

Nakagawa terrace ..{ gUa}kfaag2wOaf glrt2v"la//gdgaWa gravel bed

.,,.........P}ane of Pre-Nakagawa grave} bed,,..,...,.....,,.,.......,,. .,.,........Yubetsu terrace ..,..,Plane of ¥ubetsu erosional surfaee

Neppugawa terrace,,{ gUerpfpauCgeaOwfatgeraVeelPPbUegaWa graVel bed

.,.,...,,,..Plane of Pre-Neppugawa gravel bed ,,,.,...,......,,.,..,,,..

.........,.,[I]arukishi terraee,.....Plane of Tarul<ishi erosienal surfaee,.,.

Warabino terraee....{ SwigSa.eb?..O.£gW.a.r.itbscOd graVel bed

........,..Plane of Pre-Warabino gravel bed ...............,.,..,..,....

Igarashi terraee ......Plane of Igarashi erosionl surfaee

Theix distribution in the region cf Tarukishi is sehematiea}ly rep-resented in fig. 3 ; and profile to show the stratigraphical ye]ation of each

of them is diagramatically givefi in fig. 6. The Igarashi terraee is the

oldest one, and then Warabino, Tarukishi, NeppugavLTa, Yubetsu and Naka-

HIGHE;c? tsRI?ACES

1 . MiODLE reRi?ACES . LowER TERRAcEs la

¥

Fig. 7. Three groups of terraees, sehematically shown.

326 ･ ･ M. MINATogawa follows. AmoRg them,･ Wayabino. Neppugawa, and Nakagawaterraees are eomposed. o£ gravels and sa,nds of various thicl<ness, whi}egYhecifiyaireessfrteheanfr20Mm SiintCehide?<PnOeSsist.S, aithough they are eovered･ generaiiy

The stone implements we･re discovered on the terrace,, here defined

as the Tarul<ishi oAe, [l]hey were £ound, as alreaCly stated, to be btiriediin the upper part of the elay deposits that compose the terrase. Such

elay -deposits are £airly wideiy CIistributed in･ the Reig･'hborhooCl of Taru-1<ishi and in a few plaees, exeepLLiAg the very point wheye the stone imple-

ments were found, slmllar clay deposits are observecl to be eovered by the

gravel bed w13ich foyms more lower teyrace, probably eorresponding tothe Neppugawa terrace. Aceoydingly the age of the stone imp}emaents,iiow in problem, is to be regarded, as more reeent ehan the Warabino'terrace but possibly elder than the Neppugawa grave} bed. IR [E[olr-.kaiClo marine coastal teryaces have been connnonly divided into

rr}ain three groups; higher, mic'{dle and Iower terraees respeetively.

The lower tei"raees are found at various heights, though they attaiR

a height ef less than 50m above sea-level in the coasta} region. Theiysurfaees are almost fiat or slightly inclined, besides this, the marginaleliffs surrotmding their fiat surfaces are generally very steep,

The marine terraees to be grouped jnto the so-called middle terraces

are at levels of 80 to 100m above sea-}evel. Their stirfaces are observed

to be moye iltclined thaR those of the lower terraees; besides this, the

marglnal cliffs are less steep than those of the Iatter, beiBg eovered gen-

erally by thick debris at their feet.

On the other haRcl, the mcFtrine coastal terraces eustomarily groupedinto the higher terraees attain a height of more than 180m above sea-ievei; their surfaees are mLich dissected to present steep yeliefs and the

margiiial eli'ffs beeome collapsed to some extent.

Ali these t,erraces sometimes exhibit wave eut terraees free frory} any

deposits, but others are usually coated with gyavels aiid coarse sands inter-

calted by clay layers.

These coastal terraees are traceable landwards where somb of them

iTneTge iiito the rivey terraees along the rivers. The river terraces are also

divisible kato three main groups, }ower, middle and higher respectively;they are eoryelated in some degree to the eoastal terraees above iaoted.

Along the upper course of the Tottabetsu river in Tokachi Provinee, thegravel deposits of these river terraees have been suecessfully eorrelated

with the glaeial deposits in the high mountains of the Kidaka moLmtain

range, whieh were brought down from the vanished cirque glaciers iA the

Stratigraphieal Position of the Stone Implements of Pre-Jomon Cu}ture 327

Late PIeistocene age. (li[AsmMoTo, S. und Ku]y[ANo, S., 1955).

As has been reported on severa} oeeasions, the glaeial moraines infhe llidalta mountain range are divisible into three formations in descend-

'''ing order, iiamely,

' Tottabetsu ll Glaeial deposit Tottabetsu I GIaeial deposit .

and o701'hOg:lirit'h[liapCgar}osC"ei.¥,iO./,?iti'acil/1 'd'e'"6osit" is correiated to the "Middie

terraces". FossSl molars of Ma7nmontezts pu7'imigenius subsp. p･rimigeni?es

(BLUMENBA'cH) were reeently found at the very base of the gravel bed of

gyi.fil"or.,ace bglongin.g.eo the "Lowgr terraces", at Ogoshim,near cape

Aceording}y the writer is of the opinion, that the so-ealled "])v({iddle

terraces" of ffokkaido, at least the yotmger group ef them, may be cor-related to the Poroshiri Ice age, Theyefore the group of sueeessive'ter-

races belonging to the "Lower teryaces" should be yegarded as having2fiednoffOihM' eedpldeUisrtioneinteh.e tiMe aftey Luhe Poroshiri Ice age and befove the

That is to say, the time of the 'formation of the "Lower terrac'es" of

Rokl<aido may correspond to the time ranging from t･he Poroshiri-Totta-betsu Inter Ice age, t'hyough the 'I]ottabetsu I Etnd II Ice ages and also

through the Post Galeial age prior to the Alluvial epoeh. ' Now the eoastal terrace at Ogoshi neay Cape Erimo, in which theteeth of Ma･}nononte2ts Were co}leeted is l.O m in height 'near the eoast line.

It may be correlated to the Neppugawa £eiirace in the regioR of Tarukishi ;this assumption is supported not only by its height but also by the similari-

ty of the topographical features such as the fiatness of surfaee and the

steepness of surroLpiding cliffs.

The diseoveyy of a Mom"nzonte2es poiimigenizes pui:imi.genizes teeth ill

the lower terrace at Ogoshi is eo].3sidered to indicate that the gravel bed

containlng this' fossil was deposited under eold c}imatic eondition, and it

ma,y perhaps repyesent the last cold elimate perio'd in i{[okkaido during

the PleistoceRe age. Therefore the Mannmonteus fossil from Ogoshi canwith high probability be coyrelated So.Tottabetsu II Ice age.

If that is true, the date of the stone irriplements at Tarukishis s}iould

be placed earliey than Tettabetsu II lee age but perhaps after (later than)

Totta.betsu I Ice age.

At present there is available no positive data iit regard to the Ice

ages iR the IHidaka mountain range to correlate with the foreign glaeialst4ges, biit it seems most li}<ely that the two ice ages of Tottabetsu may

328 M. MINATO

Fig. 8. Newer volcanoes Iwao-nuppuri and Nisekoan- nuppuri (Mr. NisEKo) in the left,-and low moun- tainous region eomposing of Tertiary rocks in the right, with low hills of welded tuff in foreground.

The outerop of the x4relded tuff is observable as a

narrow white band, in this photograph. There, the welded tuff is observed to cover the lower terraee.

this assumption is, at present not easily

positive data to deny such a possibility'.

Aecordingly the writer believes atthe culture represented by the stone implements together with

at Tarukishi may be probably eomparableto Wttrm II' Inter Ice Age in Europe. At any rate, it is a quite difficult matter,

vestigations, to correiate not only the Ice

culture layers of stone implements of Pre-Jomongeologieal and cultural periods in any foreign

above statement may very well need correctionsfuture, when the archaeological studies

progress. Nevertheless it is almost certain that the cultuxe layer at

may be corre}able to the Inter Iee Age, Tottabetsu I and II.

correspond to the Wtirm Ice age in rough estimation, but it

is quite diflieuit problem to determine which stages of the WUrm Iee age correspond the

Tottabe£su two ice ages. At present two possibilities are tp

considered: (1) the Totta- betsu I lce age is correlated to

WUrm I, while Tottabetsu II Ice age to VLrUrm II, and (2)

the Tottabetsu I Iee age is WUrm II, while the Tot'tabetsu II is WUrme III. However, if the latter case is true, the Poro-

shiri Ice age must be regarded

to be correlated to Wifrm I and

believable, alt･hotigh there are no

present moment that the age o£ chips found vLTith the period from Wttrm I

in the present status of in-

ages in Hokkaicto, but also the

age to eorresponding countries. Therefore the in some points in theiR gokkaido have made furthey

Tarul<ishi

Z. Niskitomi

Nishitomi is a plaee near Konbu station along the railway line from

E[akodate to Sapporo, where a differeRt type of stone implements wasfound, which may be not comparable with those of Tarukishi, althoughthey may be also assigned to the Pre-Jomon age. In this area, agg}omeratic formation, also PlioeeAe in age, is widely

Stratigraphical Position of the Stone Implements of Pre-Jomon Culture 329

deve}oped as a fundamental complex, whieh is disseeted by terracing to

make a few terra.ces of variable hei'ghts. ' ' ' The oldest one shows its surface at almost 45 m in height above thesurfaee of the alluvial plane, next is about 35 m, the stirfaee of the third

one is about 25 m in height' above the alluvial surface, and the fourth one

is less than 7 m above'the alltwial plane.'

The topographical relation of each of them is schematically represent-

'

@ 7bl-nece ,,..;!t.tl/,':i:'lili;nt7:lil

21ieOi AttavtetdspOStt

E,t`rtA fe"rece

Smpce Seit

7)Ltnt 7bl-rsee

e.'Ii1il+ +' -/ --

-tt:-}-Ftt-t

ip"s

Secendwetded tieEf

mafaLino fenrytcerP)

7xOtdest ferneee

tVltfunokaL`hayruet6ed Fig. 9. Three sites of stone implements in the neighborhood of Nishitomi,

eaeh site is found on the hills coated by welded tuff.

Further in this area, welded tuff probably derived from the volcanie

region of Niseko, imrnediately north of Konbu, is observed to cover most

of these t･erraces.

Stone implements from the neighborhood of Nishitomi have beenfound, at three sites at least up to the present day. All of them wereeollected on the surfaee of the teryaees covered by welded tuff. Aecord-=

ingly the age of these implements shou}d certaiRly be regarded to be later

than the deposition of the welded tuff, but before the fourth terracing.

If a correlation be rnade of the suecessive terraees iR the region of

Nishitomi to those of Tarukishi, it is almost indubitable, that the fotirth

terrace of the former corresponds to the Nakagawa teryace of the latter,

while the third may be eorrelable to the Warabino oiie, the second maybe also to the Warabino or the Iga}'ashi terrace and lastly the oldest ter-

race at Nishitomi may be probably regarded as contemporaneous withthe Igarashi terraee at Tarukishi. According}y the welded tuff in this area may be correlated to the

PosVWarabino and Pre-Nakagawa-terraces. The geological age of this welded tuff can, however foytunately, sett}ed

rnore aecurately. In the reg.3..on of Mena, about 16km westward fromNishitomi, the same welded tuff can be seen widely developed, where thewriter observed it covering a texrace which can definitely be correlated

to the Tarul<ishi terraee. While the welded tuff at MeRa is observed tobe covered by a gravel bed forming a more lower terraee, which is probably

330 'M'. -MINATO/'L

contemporaneous with the Neppu'gavLra gravel bed'at Tarukishi. ' 'I]herefore the age of the welded tuff, is eertainl; , post Tarukishi buf/lh/i./ee's.'i,ie,/[Pl'Pelii,11tW.Ollh,'l,X/F,Oi'eie2N:iS'i'ghi:.:tli/℃.h/sumee.;:2'ftk'gY,/iS,e//ff1sceSiiinff/je//ec,ioi"/&:crI/ll/li,tl/1,/X-,ii':n'ljs#,`

In this yegion as Nishitomi, the imple-- f-1---'r",teik'av". xe .g28tih"S.W8i,i2,f9g2S,gkne8,e,wwK,:Si.aAee.aid,Y.

iL

,'ro'-s/f',it1(-'k･t--x,:'l".Iil..-..,'.Tl''F,/SOg,M2,ii:itil,iZ,:,t･g,it,a,W,{,e,ig.eh,.f,,Z/lerl,a?,a,:'illii:gl/e,I?er.gl

R i.-1, eee x-`.x},,,fica,'k:,s :,.i.Si,,6rlli",fil8,uigAg,I,kE.IS,s92ss,'2if?iii:i･{W,eh,".lg,nEag;:ol:g･

,,' ontsom t}}e other blades aRd fiakes oiE diflierent type

Fig. io. site of the stone i.- either frOM Tarukishi too}s or from site A.

plementsintheneighborhood TheY are far Iarger in size LLhan the menp

of Nishitomi. tioned mierolithic tools, but smaller than the Tarukishl ones. As all these implemei3ts were found on the earth by farmers whenthey were ploughing, the exaet horizons are tmlmovyrn, but at any rate they

were originally not very deeply situate, d belox7v the stiyface.

tt ' ' ' '

ee t,"...,.,,. iVetd"d 71{e` "ljtdeCt TISEf bj"v..egnevetb.d , ･･ ･･tt･･ ･･ .T.-..ra.r.tk.fl'-rb.rrf.ff.-."J....----.----------- iZl

igertokeute grevel btd Fig. ll. Showing the stratigvaphical positiQn of the we}ded tgff in the

z'egion of Mena. ' ' ' ' ' Aceording to the veybal information of'a farmer, Ramed MIuRA, nowIiving near site C in Nishltomi, the s"t'one irnI)lements at that site were

obseTved to be buried' ilt the eayth, about 15 to 30 em below the surface.

}Iorizontally they were observed to be scattered in a narrow area,

Also from the verbcft1 information of Di". OBA, virho himself eRgagedonee in excavating at site C, it vLras definitely･ ascertained that sueh stone

.-ttt

.iv.tt

ttttts".tt

.1 k.･ .sl ,

' /l':

f .,,w'

Fig.

L

.,,,X"'

.?.

" k' ''a . ,,,i ,-},,, g, 'ge i'. { ･', S' ,k, , ,/.. t ttt tt , ･, li 111,g, 'i .'.$]' 'iif" ･i'

"t.l.' ' )gt' .pt.i wa, ""... ,. . .11its t', ft .

v',.' - ttt .- '12. Mierolithic tools found at site C, Nishitomi; eollectien of Mr. MiuRA;Material: Obsidian. Photo by M. MAEziMA; Cores found at the same time;sHIzAm; S}ightly redueed. Material: ebsidian. Photo by M. YosHIzAKi.

.E,'ss

1''tsiee'

,tw

slight]y redueed (52/6e). colieetion of Mr. Yo-

me"fl'

mgptst.

panypm

vrr,oNNove.

stT.

9Nother-

as

m8g

gv.o"

gg

gTa･

g9

os.c-f

B

eeeep

332 M. MINATO

implements as blades and fiakes, a iittle large in size, were situated in

a･ horizon a litt}e lowei-" than the microlithic tools.

Beyond what has been stated above nothing more can now be saidwith eertain't'y on the stratigraphieal relation of eaeh culture iayer, but it

may be that the layer at site A is the oldest, the }ayer containing bladeand fiake follows this, whi}e the !ayer of the microlithic tools is most new.

Besides this, all these implements, either old or new, are regarded

to have been le£t by some folk far later than the time when the weldedtuff was brought to eover the terraees in variable heights, beea,use the

artifacts are contained iR the clay, whieh may be a produc£ of the decom-positioR of the tmderlying wekied tuff, although it may be not surfaee soil.

Aecordlngly the time interval betvLTeen the stone inrplemeRts found at

Tarukishi aRd those around Nishitomi is, the writer believes, rather gyeat.

The older cuiture layer at Nishitomi lneluding site A may perhapsbe contemporaneotis with the terraces being eoryelated to the Neppugawaor even Yubetsu terraee, and the culture layer yielding the mierolithie

tools may be dated far after ehem. Anyhow the layers of these miero-}ithie tools at Nishitomi show the highest culture bed }<nowR at presentin Hokkaido belonging to the Pre-Jomon age.

4. Conclusion

The cukuire layers eontaining such o}d type of stone imp!einents thatthey ean be regarded by the archaeologists to corre}ate to the Pre-Jomon

in age are now ascertained £rom the stratigraphical side to belong to the

Upper Pleistocene in age. To speak rnore in detail, £he culture layer con-taining stone implements at Ta･rukishi is now correlated to the Totta-

betsu I and II Inter Ice age, while the others are considered to be s£rati-gyaphieally more high than this; one of them at Nishitomi contains micro-lithie too!s.

In Hokkaido, stone imp}ements of Pre-Jomon in age have beendeseribed already by YosmzA- in pre]iminary form from Toyoda, nearAinonai in Kitami Province, howeve}' the site of these implements hasnot been fully investigated from the view point of stratigraphy. 'I'he tools at Toyoda, according to YosmzAI<I, are believed to be muel}

similar to those of Tarukishi. At Toyoda the stone implemeiits were col-

Iected at a depth of about 1 to 1.2m below the sm'face. Il'robab}y the

stratigraphical horizon of the culture layer at Toyo(la may be simiiar £othe one at [l]arukishi.

Beyond this, the writer does not･ wish at present to make any further

Stratigraphieal Position of the Stone Implements of Pre-Jomon Cu]ture

Eit ta

tk3esmp

･ .x ･,･x '-. tss.

.. ;g - S4$'

Fig. 13. Provinee.

statements, although hemost sites of these

the Kitami Provinee.of following pa.peys.

IR coneluding, thecerning the eultuye

Z

･z:lg "

i?･

f '"' ,

- g,

m

f

4

i''"l'glll}

ltx. Il.

･t---

Nk "'-NH

Y'bl "=s-}:r- .,N ' ss7S:lt

T=gt=,

g;J' ¥ .g 2

i

{

r

i'''itsy.V'1/tk

,tteqt/es'ee/¥/,S,

lvi ""J-t2.celf;J- .f-

// f'

. fi-

'" 'Jsk

i-gi.;=g

i'-...L

- / ss==

l -ti-

pt 2?.

47L.--.

fp x../･

ef'

"tnt. z.

.wx`"N:l':=Siut･

sc-

-

a,

g

Xs.st=t'

.kiS':' ge

-g:}' .,.Rl"ltL

'--'"'gext..=== "ISs

Ili ' ilSi

,Xhik.Xt.J'

g g,

,

"i'l}ll{-"-'-"HthN-'-i----'--

=--= -･S4f{. av･,1 .

-'i

ss

ests'

-pt

6

333

t.tsdewhmuwhthim. /ecm , iteot"

Stone implements found at Toyoda, near Ainonai in Kitami

After M. YosHIzAI<I.

has already made a stratigraphical survey on beds, not only ill southwestern ffokkaido but also in It is proposed to report fu}]y oR them in a series

writer wishes to annex a coi"relation table con- layers, dealt with in the present paper oniy.

cocopt

CORRELATION [E'ABLE

GEOLAOGGEICAL I IcE AGEs

ii' II HOLeCENE I ' i l

// 11 1I･ 1l 1! /.................. ........... ....

?? i-'-"'-------------1- ll 1 ttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttt t tt ttttttttttttt ttttt t

li I1 jTOTTABETSU UI i ICE AGE I

UPPER l '' ' IPLEISTO- i l CENE'

' ,TOTTABETSU I･ ICE AGE ii

' l tttttttt ttttttt ttttttt tttttttttt i

1.1 /1 1･1 11 11 I1 11 1i

CLIMATE 1 TERRACES &

I-'l

1il '' "' '-' "'''I'Na.k.adgz･,w,a,.t.eur,iebe.dts

Yubetsu £errace

DE?OSITS/i, VOLCANIC

! NEAftTemperate

Warm

ACTIVITIESNISEKO

Cool?

tttttttt

Cold

i･ 1･ ttl tt tt ttt ttt l 1 I Warm 11

ttttt

I Ce}d

.+ ..-........

/tttttttt ttt f

1 I INeppugawa terrace I/ and its gravel bed 2tttttttt i tttttttttttt tttttttttttttttttt tttttt tttttttttttttttttttttt

I,

1/Taruklshi terrace i i 1 t / t ttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttt ttttttttttttt

i,Warabino terrace

I･ and its gravel bed

1 .t.l .................L.L.......tt.t..ttttt.t.....t...t.t"t.ttt

l IIgarashi terraee l

Ternperate

i' P6RosmRI1 ICE AGE

Very eoldl

]j

:

vo$wpu

ng

Nw>aNze

:

xe

Fourth terrace at Nishitomi

!

llI1

i:

(

0' g6gE'i' lteiV61'' 6e-d'""L

near Cape Erimo MZzon7nontens pri- migeni･zes pTi7?zi-

genus

CULTURES &INDUSTRIES

NEWER VOLCANOES as, lwaonuppuri, Niseko ete.

lgge:illl,'ik2/l't/Ji.ll/Jiea''/G'''''//'t"'"""

Oldest terraee at NishitomG

] C` MIDDLE

TERRACES "

de+i' ruptlon of weldedV tuff, and calderal:. ?{n,ig-gn.g.}"N`ih,Zko*)

& Shiko£su Welded tuff

{JOMON-CULTUREB.c. sooe

fMierolithle tools )

t at Nishitoml SfBlades & ffakes 4it at Nishitomi a

1'B'i/,.':,./.,iker,g,fSa'k;j

re

xNcl-

oxozb

oav8¢pa

N

ge

E%o

*) Note: In Hekkaido welded tuffs have been known te diBtribute in several distries besides the region of Niseko here mentioned. AII of

them are observed to devolop in a wide area surrounding calderas, sorne o£ which are now eollapsed or buried by the products of the Newer volcanees. The age of sueh chracteristic volcanic products as these is quite worthy of note. It .is now be}ieved that the age o£ most of thern with a £ew exceptions, is Upper Pleistocene, as already reported by Ishika,wa and the presg.nt writer himself. Nevertheless, to speak strictly, all these welded tuffs brought in the Upper Pleistoeene age are not product of one definite age. e.g,, the welded euff surrounding the Shikotsu Caldera iB now regarded to be s]ig])tly elder tban that in the region of Niseko, that iB to say, the Shikotsu welded tuff eorrelates with the pogt Middle terraces with certainly but is before the Tarukishi age showing the stone implements here stated or even pre Tottabetsu I Ice age.

Stratigraphical Position of the Stone Implements of Pre-Jomon Culture 335

' S. Bibliography

FuNT, R.F.: Glaeial Geology and the Pleistocene Epoch, 1945.HAsmMoTo, S. und KuMANo, S.: Zur Kartopographie im Hidaka-Gebirge, Hol{kaido, Japan (Japanese with German resume), Jour. Geol. Soe. Japan, vol. 61, p. 208,

l955.HAsmMoTo, S. and MiNATo, M.: On the Ice age and post glacial age of the Hidaka mountain range. Jour. Fae. Sci., Hokkaido Univ., ser. vol. IX, p. 7, l955.

IsHIKAwA, [r. and MiNATo, M.: Geologieal age of welded tuff in Northern Japan. Acta

INQUA, 1955. ･Xli?.".oth.P'il,., Oilltg':e..oiS,ih, e.eloftzfiffkg-p ,yot<x"gidg./t?.ka,p.a,ngs.g)･ 2o.¥"wwx?･lkrk･.}g3g,･,

Abashiri-Sees. ' Jour. Fac. Sci., Hokkaido Univ., ser. IV, vol. VIII, 1953.

MINATo, M. uud HAsHiMoTo, S.: Zur Karbildieg im Hjdaka-Gebirge, E[okkaido, Japan.

Proe. Japan Acad. vol. 30, 1954.MINATo, M.: The outline of the Quaternary Geology in Hold{aido (in Japanese) Kagaku

(Seience of Iwanami) vol. 25, No. 3, 1955.

MINATo, M.: Zu den Mammon£eusfaunen llokkaido. Japanese Jour. Geol. and Geogr. vol. 26, p. 105, l955.

OsBoRN, H.F.: Men of the Old Stone Age, 1923.SERIzAwA, C.: End of the Non-Ceramic-culture and the origin of the Jomon-Cuiture in

Central Japan, ineluding Kanto district (in Japanese) Sundai Historical Review,

no. 4, 1954.SERIzAwA, C.: A Preliminary report on the Baba-daira site in Nagano Prefeeture (in

Japanese) The Stone Age, no. 1, A Journal of the Stone Age Culture Researeh

Association. 1955.SuGmARA, S.: Stages of stone age eulture in Japan. Sundai Historical Review, no. 4,

1954.SuGmARA, S. and OTuKA, H.: Pre-Jomon eulture diseovered in Joso Upland in the Kanto

area. Sundai Histrieal Review, no. 5, 1955.TAKEucHI, S., KoNo, Il., SuGIHARA, S., OBA, [I]. and MINATo, M.: Pveliminary report

on the elxcavation at the site o£ Tarukishi, Hol<kaido. (in Japanese) Report of the Hakodate Municipal Museurn, 1954.YosHIzAKi, M.: A report to the Toyoda site, Ainonai village, Kitaminokuni, Hol<kaido.

(in Japanese) The Stone Age, no. 1, 1955.

WERTH, E.: Der fossile Mensch, 1928.

ZEuNER, F.E.: Dating the Past, !946.