UNIT 1: VERB TENSES (Th ca đng t) I. Th hiện tại đơn. (Simple Present) 1. Công thức: ĐỘNG TỪ TO BE Khẳng định - I + am … - He/She/It/D.t s t + is ….. - You/We/They/D.t s nhiu+ are …. - I am a student. - He is handsome. - They are from Vietnam. Phủ định - S+ am/is/are + not …. - I’m not a teacher. - Mary isn’t American. - Tom and Peter aren’t my friends. Nghi vấn - (WH) + Am/Is/Are + S + …? - Are you a doctor? + Yes, I am. - Is he in your class? + No, he isn’t. - Where are you from? ĐỘNG TỪ THƯỜNG Khẳng định - I/You/We/They/D. t s nhiu +Vo… - He/She/It/D.t s t + Vs/es …. - I learn English at school. - Mary works very hard. - She goes to school early every day.
Transcript
UNIT 1: VERB TENSES
(Thi cua đông tư)
I. Thi hiện tại đơn. (Simple Present)
1. Công thức:
ĐỘ
NG
TỪ
TO
BE
Khẳng định- I + am …- He/She/It/D.tư sô it + is …..- You/We/They/D.tư sô nhiêu+ are ….
- I am a student.- He is handsome.- They are from Vietnam.
Phủ định - S+ am/is/are + not ….
- I’m not a teacher.- Mary isn’t American.- Tom and Peter aren’t
my friends.
Nghi vấn - (WH) + Am/Is/Are + S + …?
- Are you a doctor? + Yes, I am.
- Is he in your class? + No, he isn’t.
- Where are you from?
ĐỘ
NG
TỪ
TH
ƯỜ
NG
Khẳng định- I/You/We/They/D. tư sô nhiêu +Vo…- He/She/It/D.tư sô it + Vs/es ….
- I learn English at school.- Mary works very hard.- She goes to school early
every day.
Phủ định S + don't/doesn't+ Vo ….
- I don't learn English at school.
- She doesn't learn French at school.
Nghi vấn (WH) + Do/Does + S + V ….?
- Does she learn French at school?
- Why do/don’t you study hard?
Chú ý:
- Những động từ tận cùng bằng những chữ cai sau đây khi đi với chủ từ ở ngôi thứ 3 số ít thì phải thêm "ES".
S, X, Z, CH, SH, O (do, go) + ESVi dụ: miss misses
Mix mixesBuzz buzzes
Watch watchesWash washes
Do doesGo goes
Vi dụ: - He often kisses his wife before going to work.
- Tom brushes his teeth everyday.
- Những động từ tận cùng bằng "Y" thì phải xét hai 2 trường hợp sau đây.
............* Nếu trước Y là nguyên âm (A, O, E, U, I) thì giữ nguyên Y rồi thêm S.
Vi dụ: - She plays the piano very well.
............* Nếu trước Y là phụ âm thì đổi Y thành I rồi thêm ES.
Vi dụ: - He often carries money with him whenever he goes out.
- Ngoai lê: have has
2. Cách dùng:
Thì hiện tại đơn được dùng để diễn tả:
a. Viêc hiên có, hiên xảy ra
Vi dụ: - I understand this matter now.
- This book belongs to her.
b. Sự hiển nhiên lúc nào cũng đúng/chân lý
Vi dụ: - The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.
- The earth goes around the sun.
c. Một thói quen ở hiên tai
Vi dụ: - I go to bed early and get up early everyday.
- Mr. Smith drinks strong tea after meals.
3. Dấu hiệu nhận biết :
- Always, usually, often, not often, sometimes, occasionally, never;
- Everyday, every week/month/year..., on Mondays, Tuesdays, .... , Sundays.
- Once/twice / three times... a week/month/year ...;
- Every two weeks, every three months (quarter)
- Whenever, every time, every now and then, every now and again, every so often
EXERCISES
Complete the following sentences by using the correct form of the verbs in brackets1. Bill (have) __________ got nine posters.2. Carol __________ (say) good bye.
18.My sister (not live) __________ in a big house.
19.What our friends usually (play) football in the park? …………………………
20. Pam (want) another T-shirt? ………………………………………………….
21. I ____________ (eat) my breakfast in the kitchen every day.
22. These boys often ___________ (play) football at weekends.
23. It ____________ (rain) in the winter.
24. She __________ (go) to school three days a week.
25. My little boy often ___________ (watch) cartoon film.
26. She ______________ (study) English very well.
27. My father often _____________ (play) tennis in the morning.
28. Ann __________ (speak) German very well.
II. Thi hiện tại tiếp diễn. (Present Continuous)
1. Công thức:
Khẳng định S + am/is/are + V-ing ….- I am dancing. - We/they/you are singing. - He/she/it is dancing.
Phủ định S + am/is/are + not V-ing … - It isn’t raining now.
Nghi vấn WH + am/is/are + S + V-ing ….? - Are you going to school?
Chú ý khi thêm ING:
a. Nếu động từ có E ở cuối, ta bỏ E đi rồi thêm ING. Vi dụ: have - having; live – living; …
b. Nếu động từ ở cuối có phụ âm, và trước phụ âm mà có một nguyên âm, ta phải gấp đôi phụ âm rồi thêm ING.Vi dụ: cut – cutting; run – running; …c. Nếu động từ có IE ở cuố , ta đổi IE thành Y rồi thêm ING.Vi dụ: tie – tying; die – dying; lie – lying; ..
2. Cách dùng:
Thì hiện tại tiếp diễn dùng để:
a. Chỉ một viêc đang xảy ra ngay lúc nói chuyên/hiên hành.
Vi dụ: - I am reading an English book now.
b. Chỉ viêc xảy ra trong tương lai (khi có trang từ chỉ tương lai).
Vi dụ: - I am calling on John tomorrow.
- I am meeting her at the cinema tonight.
3 . Dấu hiệu nhận biết :
- now, right now, at the moment, today, tonight, tomorrow, ….
- Look!, Listen!, Be careful! Be quiet!, …- Where is he now?, …
* Chú ý:
Một số động từ không được chia ở thì tiếp diễn:
knowbelievehearseesmellwish
understandhatelovelikewantsound
haveneedappearseemtasteown
EXERCISES
1. Put in the verbs in brackets into the gaps. Use the Present Continuous.
1) The teacher ___________the door. (not/to close)2) ___________you ___________the washing-up? (to do)3) They ___________the printers. (to check)4) ___________ your grandmother ___________at birds? (to look)5) We ___________ the checkpoint. (not/to pass)6) ___________they ___________to help? (to try)7) She ___________ to the centre of the town. (not/to walk)8) ___________the policemen ___________ into the bank? (to run)9) Look! Steve's mother ___________a cup of coffee. (to make)10) You ___________ the words correctly. (not/to link)
2. Put in the verbs in brackets into the gaps. Use the Simple Present or Present Continuous.1 It's seven o'clock and they ___________ to school now. (go)2 Mrs Cooper ___________ in the restaurant every Sunday. (eat)3 Our cat never ___________ on the kitchen table. (jump)4 Look! The men ___________ blue uniforms. (wear)5 Curt always ___________ his guitar in the afternoon. (play)6 The taxi ___________for them at the moment. (wait)7 He always ___________ his grandmother in the coat. (help)8 They never ___________ very much. (eat)9 Listen! Bill ___________ his electric guitar. (play)10 He ___________ his car every Sunday. (wash)11 The bell ___________ at seven o'clock every morning. (ring)12 They always ___________ their aunt a tree for Christmas. (bring)13 She ___________ a red pullover and black jeans today. (wear)14 The boys ___________ snowballs at the girls now. (throw)15 Mr Black ___________ into the classroom at the moment. (walk)
III. Thi quá khứ đơn. (Simple Past)
1. Công thức:
ĐÔ
NG
TƯ
TO
BE Khẳng định
- I/he/she/it/D.tư sô it + was …- You/we/they/D.tư sô nhiêu + were…
- I was at home last night.- Mary was sick yesterday.- My parents were away last week.
Phủ định - S + wasn’t/weren’t + ….- Tom wasn’t in class yesterday.
- They weren’t at Mary party.
Nghi vấn - Was/Were + S + …?- Was she beautiful?- Were they absent?
ĐÔ
NG
TƯ
TH
ƯƠ
NG Khẳng định - S + V-ed/2 ….
- I learned English at school.- She went out last night.
Phủ định - S + did not/didn't + Vo …- I didn't learn English at school.
Nghi vấn - Did + S + Vo ….?- Did he learn English at school?
* Chú ý khi thêm ED vào đông tư có qui tắc:
- Nếu động từ tận cùng bằng E thì chỉ thêm D.
Vi dụ: live – lived; hope – hoped; …
- Nếu tận cùng bằng “Y” và có một phụ âm đi trước “Y” thi phải đổi “Y” thành “I” rồi mới thêm “ED” (Y IED); nhưng nếu trước nó là một nguyên âm thì giữ nguyên Y rồi thêm ED.
Vi dụ: study – studied; try – tried; fry – fried; …
enjoy – enjoyed; play – played; …
- Nếu một động từ tận cùng bằng một phụ âm và đi trước phụ âm đó có một nguyên âm thì hãy gấp đôi phụ âm rồi thêm ED
Vi dụ: fit – fitted ; stop – stopped; drop – dropped; …
2. Cách dùng
Thì quá khứ đơn dùng để diễn tả:
a. Một viêc đã xảy ra và đã xong hẳn trong qua khứ.
Vi dụ: - The students came to see me yesterday.
- I came home at 9 o’clock last night.
b. Một thói quen hay một khả năng trong qua khứ.
Vi dụ: - She sang very well, when she was young.
3. Dấu hiệu nhận biết thì quá khứ đơn:
- yesterday, last week/month/year, ago (two days ago, three months ago, long long ago...)
- in the past, in those days, in 1990, …
EXERCISES
1. Put in Was or Were into the gaps. 1) I ___________ in Canberra last spring.2) We ___________ at school last Saturday.3) Tina ___________ at home yesterday.4) He ___________ happy.5) Robert and Stan ___________ Garry's friends.6) You ___________ very busy on Friday.7) They ___________ in front of the supermarket.8) I ___________ in the museum.9) She ___________ in South Africa last month.10) Jessica and Kimberly ___________late for school.2. Put in the verbs in brackets into the gaps. Use the Simple Past.
1) I ___________ my Maths homework yesterday. (to do)2) ___________ Susan ___________ to England by plane? (to go)3) They ___________ a farm two weeks ago. (to visit)4) Jenny and Peggy ___________ their brother. (not/to help)5) The children ___________ at home last weekend. (not/to be)6) When ___________ you ___________this wonderful skirt? (to design)7) My mother ___________into the van. (not/to crash)8) The boys ___________ the mudguards of their bicycles. (to take off)9) ___________ you ___________ your aunt last week? (to phone)10) He ___________ milk at school. (not/to drink)
IV. Thi quá khứ tiếp diễn. (Past Continuous/ Progressive)
1. Công thức:
Khẳng định S + was/were + V-ing …- I was dancing. - We/they/you were dancing. - He/she/it was dancing
Phủ định S + was/were + not V-ing …- Mary wasn’t watching TV at noon
yesterday.
Nghi vấn (WH)+ was/were + S + V-ing ….?- Were you sleeping at this time
yesterday?
2. Cách dùng
- Chỉ một viêc đang diễn tiếp trong qua khứ tai một thời điểm xac định.
Vi dụ: - They were singing in this room at 10 P.M yesterday.
- When I came, they were singing.
- Chỉ một hành động dang xảy ra trong qua khứ bị cắt ngang bởi một hành động khac.
Vi dụ: - While I was walking on the street, I met my girl friend.
- Chỉ nhiều hành động cùng đang diễn ra trong qua khứ.
Vi dụ: - While he was cooking, she was watching TV.
3. Dấu hiệu nhận biết
- at this time yesterday, at 10 pm last night, …- When + S + was/were + Ving, S + Ved/2…..
Vi dụ: - When I was writing a letter, I broke my pen.
- When + S + Ved/2, S + was/were + Ving…..
Vi dụ: - When he came, we were having dinner.
- While/When + S + was/were + Ving, S + was/were + Ving…..
Vi dụ: - While my mother was cooking, my father was working in the garden.
EXERCISES
1. Put in the verbs in brackets into the gaps. Use the Past Continuous.
1) She ___________ the lunch basket. (to pack)2) I ___________ (not/to whisper)3) ___________ he ___________ to help? (to try)4) The men ___________ at the street corner. (not/to fight)5) Frank ___________ the grass. (to cut)6)___________ you ___________ during the last lesson? (to yawn)7) They ___________ stickers. (to swap)8) The guest ___________ the whole evening. (to dance)9) We ___________ in the tree house. (not/to hide)10)___________ it ___________ dark? (to get)
2. Put in the verbs in brackets into the gaps. Use the Simple Past or Past Continuous.1. When I …………… (arrive) at this house, he still ………….(sleep).
2. The light ………….. ( go) out while we ……………. (have) dinner.
3. Bill …………….. (have) breakfast when I ……………. (stop) at this house this morning.
4. As we ………………. (cross) the street, we ………….. (see) an accident.
5. Tom ……………… (see) a serious accident while we ……………. (stand) at the bus stop.
6. While my father…………….. (read) a newspaper, I …………….(learn) my lesson and my
sister……………. (do) her homework.
7. The children ………….. (play) football when their mother…………… (come) back home.
8. The bell …………….. (ring) while Tom …………… (take) a bath.
9. I ………….(be) very tired because I …………….. (work) all day yesterday.
10. He …………(sit) in a café when I ……………..(see) him.
V. Thi hiện tại hoàn thành. (Present Perfect)
1. Công thức:
Khẳng định S + have/has + Ved/3…. - I have learnt English for ten years now.
Phủ định S + have/has not +Ved/3…- I haven't met that film star yet.
Nghi vấn Have/has + S + Ved/3….? - Have you met that film star yet?
2. Cách dùng:
Thi hiện tại hoàn thành dùng để diễn tả :
a. Một hành động xảy ra trong qua khứ không xac định thời gian.
Vi dụ: - She has just gone to the market.
- I have just signed on that contract.
b. Một hành động xảy ra nhiều lần trong qua khứ.
Vi dụ: I have been in Bangkok several times.
d. Một viêc đã xảy ra, nhưng còn tiếp tục.
Vi dụ: I have taught English for more than 10 years.
3. Dấu hiệu nhận biết thì hiện tài hoàn thành:
- Since + thời điểm (since 1990, since last week/month/year; since I last saw him...)
- For + khoảng thời gian (for two days, for the past/last two months, for the last two years ...).
1. Put in the verbs in brackets into the gaps. Use the Present Perfect.
1) Emma ___________ this film on TV. (not/to see)2) How often ___________ she ___________ the office? (to phone)3) ___________ the Millers ___________ yet? (to arrive)4) John ___________ on a trip through Alaska. (not/to go)5) ___________ they ever ___________ to New York? (to be)6) Andy ___________his sister's bike. (not/to repair)7) What ___________ you ___________ in the kitchen? (to drop)8) I ___________ a new laptop. (to buy)9) ___________ Toby ___________his blue pen? (to find)10) The students ___________ their homework. (not/to forget)
2. Put in the verbs in brackets into the gaps. Use the Present Perfect or Simple Past
1. I ___________ a great film yesterday. (see)2. ___________ a new car? (you ever buy)
3. Sue ___________ the flu last winter. (have)4. A few days ago we ___________ to his uncle. (drive)5. They ___________ bingo Wednesday afternoon. (play)6. He ___________ the bus to get there. (already take)7. Last week my rabbit ___________ away. (run)8. We ___________ a lot last Sunday. (do)9. ___________ to India? (she ever be)10. I ___________ him last Monday. (meet)11. She ___________ yet. (not wake up)12. I ___________ her since last Thursday. (not meet)13. Bob ___________ well last night. (sleep)14. I ___________ a letter from her two days ago. (get)15. They ___________in Germany. (already arrive)
VI. Thi hiện tại hoàn thành tiếp diễn. (Present Perfect Continuous)
1. Công thức:
Khẳng định S + have/has been + V-ing… - I have been waiting for you for
nearly three hours.
Phủ định S + have/has not + been + V-ing….- I haven’t been living here since
1975.
Nghi vấn Have/Has + S +been + V-ing….?- Has he been working at the same
store for ten years?2. Cách dùng:
Dùng nhấn manh rằng một viêc đã xảy ra, nhưng còn tiếp tục, không gian đoan -kéo dài đến hiên tai.
Vi dụ: I have been writing this essay for half an hour.
3. Dấu hiệu nhận biết:
- since + môc thời gian; for + khoảng thời gian
EXERCISES
Fill in the Present Perfect Continuous.
1. It ___________ (rain) for hours.2. Mike ___________ (collect) stamps since 1995.3. Bob ___________ (play) tennis since he was seven.4. I ___________ (wait) for the bus for 15 minutes.5. How long ___________ your brother ___________ (play) guitar?
6. How long ___________ he ___________ (play) golf?7. I ___________ (work) for this company for seventeen years.8. How long___________ it ___________ (rain)?9. Mary ___________ (study) German for two years.10. My grandparents ___________ (live) in that house since 1962.11. My mother ___________ (cook) for 3 hours.12. My sister ___________ (drive) since 1972.13. Peter ___________ (live) in India since last month.14. How long ___________ you___________ (work) in the garden?15. They ___________ (lie) in the sun for hours.
VII. Thi quá khứ hoàn thành. (Past Perfect)
1. Công thức:
Khẳng định S + had + Ved/3…- I had learnt English for four years before I went
to Hanoi.
Phủ định S + had not + Ved/3 …
- He was very nervous because he hadn't flown before.
- He was very nervous because he had never flown before
Nghi vấn Had + S + Ved/3 ….? - Had he left when you arrived? - Yes, he had.
2. Cách dùng:
Dùng để chỉ một viêc hoàn thành trước một thời gian nhất định ở qua khứ, hoặc trước khi một viêc qua khứ trong qua khứ.
Vi dụ: - Our children had all gone to sleep before I came home last night.
- When I came, she had left the house.
3. Dấu hiệu nhận biết:
- Before, after, never, ever,
- For + khoảng thời gian + before/after
- When S + V-ed, S +had +Ved/2…
- After + S + had + Ved/3, S + Ved/2…
- Before S + Ved/2, S + had + Ved/3 ….
EXERCISES
Fill in past simple or past perfect simple.
1. After they ___________ (see) the Tower they ___________ (go) to Westminster Abbey.2. He ___________ (ask) me which animals I ___________ (hunt) in Africa.3. After Columbus ___________ (discover) America he ___________ (return) to Spain.4. Before they ___________ (move) to Liverpool they ___________ (sell) everything.5. After he ___________ (work) very hard he ___________ (fall) ill.6. She ___________ (open) the box after she ___________ (find) the key.7. They ___________ (go) to a restaurant after they ___________ (sail).8. Before they ___________ (start) the party they ___________ (invite) some friends.9. After she ___________ (wash) the curtains she ___________ (clean) the windows.10. They ___________ (go) for a sightseeing tour after the bus ___________ (arrive).11. Before he ___________ (mow) the lawn he___________ (pick) some roses.12. After he ___________ (finish) school he ___________ (work) for a magazine.13. They ___________ (drink) a cup of tea after they ___________ (finish) lunch.14. He ___________ (ask) me for her telephone number before he ___________ (phone) her.15. My sister ___________ (eat) all the chocolate before my parents ___________ (come) home.
VIII. Thi quá khứ hoàn thành tiếp diễn. (Past Perfect Continuous)
1. Công thức:
Khẳng định S + had been + V-ing … -The police had been looking for the
criminal for 2 years before they caught him.
Phủ định S + had not + been + V-ing …- She hadn’t been crying before we
came yesterday.
Nghi vấn Had + S +been + V-ing … ?- The round was red. Had it been
raining?
2. Cách dùng:
Dùng để chỉ một viêc đã xảy ra trước một hành động qua khứ khac, và trong khi hành động qua khứ thứ 2 xảy ra, thì hành động qua khứ thứ nhất vẫn tiếp tục.
Vi dụ: - When I was woken up, it had been raining very hard.
- When I came, they had been singing for more than two hours.
EXERCISES
Fill in past perfect or past perfect continuous.
1. I (try) ___________ to get tickets for that play for months, and I didn't want to miss it.
2. By the time I finally left the coffee shop where we were supposed to meet, I (have) ___________ five cups of coffee and I (wait) ___________ over an hour.
3. I had to leave because I (arrange)___________ to meet Kathy in front of the theater.
4. When I arrived at the theater, Kathy (pick, already) ___________ up the tickets and she was waiting for us near the entrance.
5. She was really angry because she (wait) ___________ for more than half an hour.
6. She said she (give, almost) ___________ up and (go) ___________ into the theater without us.
7. Kathy told me you (be) ___________ late several times in the past and that she would not make plans with you again in the future.
8. She mentioned that she (miss) ___________ several movies because of your late arrivals.
IX. Thi tương lai đơn. (Simple Future)
1. Công thức:
Khẳng định S + will +Vo … - I will phone you when I come home
Phủ định S + will not/won't + Vo …- I will not tell him this problem.- I won't tell him this problem.
Nghi vấn Will + S + Vo …? - Will you see Tom tomorrow?
2. Cách dùng:
Dùng để diễn tả
Sự viêc xảy ra, hay tồn tai trong tương lai không có dự định trước (quyết định, suy đoan, lời hứa, …)
Vi dụ: - They will go to Ho Chi Kinh city next Monday.
- We will organize a meeting on Friday morning.
3. Dấu hiệu nhận biết:
- tomorrow, next week/month/year, ... next Monday, Tuesday, ...., Sunday,
- next June, July, ....., next December, next weekend ....
- in two days/weeks/months, in the years to come, in coming years
EXERCISES
Put in the verbs in brackets into the gap. Use Simple Future.1) Philipp ___________ 15 next Wednesday. (to be)
2) They ___________ a new computer. (to get)3) I think, my mother ___________ this CD. (to like)4) Paul's sister ___________ a baby. (to have)5) They ___________ at about 4 in the afternoon. (to arrive)6) Just a moment. I ___________ you with the bags. (to help)7) In 2020 people ___________ more hybrid cars. (to buy)8) Marvin ___________ a party next week. (to throw)9) We ___________ to Venice in June. (to fly)10) Look at the clouds! It ___________ soon. (to rain)
11)Miguel ……………. (attend) a concert this weekend.
12)I ………… (take) this box of books to my car. ……… you ………. (help) me?
13)My grades were terrible last year. I promise that I ……………(work) harder this semester.
14)A: What ……….. you ………. (do) tonight?
15)B: I ………… (study) at the library.
16)A: I’d like to do that, too, but I don’t have a car………….you ……..(give) me a ride?
17)You look cold. I …………… (get) you a coat.
18)A: … you ……….(quit) your job?
19)B: I want to quit, but I don’t have enough money. ……….you……. (lend) me $10,000?
20)A: I don’t think I heard you correctly. ……….. you ………..( say) that again?
21)I ……….. (go) to the theatre tonight. ………you……. (go) with me?
22)She ……….. (not come) until you are ready.
X. Thi tương lai tiếp diễn. (Future Continuous/Progressive)
1. Công thức:
Khẳng định S + will be + V-ing … - I will be dancing at this time
tomorrow.
Phủ định S + will not be + V-ing… - She won’t be sleeping at 9PM
tonight.
Nghi vấn Will + S + be + V-ing…? - Will you be doing homework
when I come tomorrow?2. Cách dùng:
Dùng để chỉ một viêc sẽ xảy ra trong một thời gian nhất định ở tương lai, hoặc khi một viêc khac xảy ra.
Vi dụ: - I will be working hard tomorrow morning.
- By the time next week, we will be learning English.
3. Dấu hiệu nhận biết
- at 5 PM tomorrow, at this time tomorrow, when you come, ….
EXERCISES
1. Fill in the verbs in brackets in the Future Progressive.1) Peggy ___________ to the party on Saturday. (to come)
2) We ___________ him tomorrow. (to meet)3) This time next week he ___________ to South Africa. (to fly)4) At 6 o'clock on Friday they ___________ the new song. (to sing)5) It ___________ when I reach Bangkok. (to rain)6) Tomorrow at nine I ___________ a test. (to write)7) Andy ___________ a video when I arrive tonight. (to watch)8) You ___________ pizza soon. (to eat)9) She ___________ when you telephone her. (to sleep)10) They ___________ in Budapest just about now. (to arrive)2. Put the verb in brackets into the simple future or the future continuous tense.
1. When you go into the office, Mr John ……… (sit) at the front desk.
2. Our English teacher …………. (explain) that lesson to us tomorrow.
3. We ………….. (wait) for you when you get back tomorrow.
4. What …………..(you, do) at 7 p.m next Sunday?- I ……………. (practice) my English
lesson then.
5. I …………….. (come) and ………… (see) you before I leave here.
6. When I see Mr Pike tomorrow, I …………. (remind) him of that.
7. When you come today, I ……………. (work) at my desk in Room 12.
8. We …………. (go) home as soon as we have finished our work.
9. He …………… (work) on the report at this time tomorrow.
10. The Browns ………………. (do) their housework when you come next Sunday.
XI. Thi tương lai hoàn thành. (Future Perfect)
1. Công thức:
Khẳng định S + will have + Ved/3 …- By the time I see you, I will have finished my homework.
Phủ định S + will not have + Ved/3 …- By the time I see you, I won’t have finished my homework.
Nghi vấnWill S +have + Ved/3 …?
- Will you have finished your homework by the time I see you?
2. Cách dùng:
Dùng để chỉ một viêc sẽ hoàn thành trước một thời gian nhất định ở tương lai, hoặc trước khi một viêc khac bắt đầu.
Vi dụ: - I will have lived in this city for 10 years by the end of this year.
- She will have arrived in Paris, before you start.
EXERCISES
1. Fill in the verbs in brackets in the Future Perfect.
1) Anne ___________ her bike next week. (to repair)2) We ___________ the washing by 8 o'clock. (to do)3) She ___________ Paris by the end of next year. (to visit)4) I ___________ this by 6 o'clock. (to finish)5) Sam ___________ by next week. (to leave)6) She ___________ this with her mother tonight. (to discuss)7) The police ___________ the driver. (to arrest)8) They ___________ their essay by tomorrow. (to write)9) Paolo ___________ the teams. (to manage)10) If we can do that - then we ___________ our mission. (to fulfil)
11)By this time tomorrow, I …………. (finish) the project.
12)By 8 o'clock, the kids …………. (fall) asleep.
13)By tomorrow morning, he …………. (sleep) wonderfully.
14)By next year, she …………. (receive) her promotion.
15)Robin …………. (sell) his car by next Sunday.
16)Morgan …………. (clean) the entire house by lunch.
17)We …………. (dance) a few dances before midnight.
18)At this time tomorrow morning, they …………. (begin) working.
19)By September, Julie …………. (teach) us for over a year.
20)Before Saturday, you …………. (do) all of your homework
2. Fill in the verbs in brackets in the Simple Future / Future Perfect
1.
Margaret: Do you think everything will be finished when I get back from the store?
Jerry: Don't worry. By the time you get back, I (pick) ___________ up the living room
and (finish) ___________ washing the dishes. Everything will be perfect when your
parents arrive.
Margaret: I hope so. They (arrive) ___________ around 6 o'clock.
Jerry: Everything (be)___________ spotless by the time they get here.
2.
Nick: I just have two more courses before I graduate from university. By this time next
year, I (graduate) ___________ , and I will already be looking for a job.
Stacey: Does that scare you? Are you worried about the future?
Nick: Not really. I (go) ___________ to a career counselor and get some advice on how
to find a good job.
Stacey: That's a good idea.
Nick: I am also going to do an internship so that when I leave school, I (complete, not
only) ___________ over 13 business courses, but I (work, also) ___________ in the
real world.
3.
Stan: Did you hear that Christine (take) ___________ a vacation in South America this
winter?
Fred: I can't believe how often she goes abroad. Where exactly does she want to go?
Stan: She (visit) ___________ Peru, Bolivia and Ecuador.
Fred: At this rate, she (visit) ___________ every country in the world by the time she's
50.
4.
Judy: How long have you been in Miami?
Elaine: I have only been here for a couple of weeks.
Judy: How long do you plan on staying?
Elaine: I love Miami, so I (stay) ___________ here for an extended period of time.
When I go back home, I (be) ___________ here for more than three months.
Judy: Wow, that's quite a vacation! You (see, definitely) ___________ just about
everything there is to see in Miami by then.
5.
Jane: I can't believe how late we are! By the time we get to the dinner, everyone (finish,
already) ___________ eating.
Jack: It's your own fault. You took way too long in the bathroom.
Jane: I couldn't get my hair to look right.
Jack: Who cares? By the time we get there, everyone (left) ___________ . Nobody
(see, even) ___________ your hair.
XII. Thi tương lai hoàn thành tiếp diễn. (Future Perfect Continuous)
1. Công thức:
Khẳng định S + will have been + V-ing…- I will have sleeping for two hours by the time Ed gets home.
Phủ định S + won't have been + V-ing…- When you come tomorrow, she won’t have been watching TV.
Nghi vấnWill S +have been + V-ing…?
- Will you have sleeping for two hours by the time Ed gets home?
2. Cách dùng:
Dùng để chỉ một viêc sẽ hoàn thành trước thời gian trong tương lai, nhưng vẫn còn tiếp tục
Vi dụ: - By next summer we will have been studying for five years in this school.
- I will have been living in this city for 12 years in 2008.
EXERCISES
I. Put the verb in brackets into the future perfect continuous tense.1. By the end of the month I …………. (live)in this town for ten years.
2. By the end of this week we …………. (work)on the project for a month.
3. By July the fifth they …………. (study)English for 3 years.
4. By 10 o'clock she …………. (watch)TV for 4 hours.
5. She …………. (sleep)for 10 hours by 11 o'clock.
6. We …………. (look for)him for 40 days by next Saturday.
7. They …………. (wait)for the president for 5 hours.
8. They…………. (be)married for 40 years by the end of this month.
II. Fill in the verbs in brackets in the Future Perfect or Future Perfect Continuous.
1. By the time we get to Chicago this evening, we (drive) ___________ more than four
hundred miles. We are going to be exhausted.
2. When Sarah goes on vacation next month, she (study) ___________ German for over two
years. She should be able to communicate fairly well while she is in Austria.
3. I have not traveled much yet; however, I (visit) ___________ the Grand Canyon and San
Francisco by the time I leave the United States.
4. By the time you finish studying the verb tense tutorial, you (master) ___________ all
twelve tenses including their passive forms.
5. Drive faster! If you don't hurry up, she (have) ___________ the baby by the time we get to
the hospital.
6. I came to England six months ago. I started my economics course three months ago. When
I return to Australia, I (study) ___________ for nine months and I (be) ___________ in
England for exactly one year.
7. Margie just called and said she would be here at 8 o'clock. By the time she gets here, we
(wait) ___________ for her for two hours.
8. Frank just changed jobs again. If he keeps this up, he (change) ___________ jobs at least
four or five times by the end of the year.
9. Come over to my house around 9 o'clock. By then, I (complete) ___________ my history
essay and we can go see a movie.
10. In June, my grandmother and grandfather (be) ___________ married for fifty years.
EXERCISES ON MIXED TENSES
Put the verbs in parentheses into the correct tense:
1. He (practice)_______________ the piano every day.
2. I (believe)____________ in you.
3. Bob (see)______________ this movie before.
4. Jorge (read)____________ the newspaper already.
5. Maria (play)_____________ the piano now.
6. He (swim)_____________ right now.
7. Mr. Johnson (work)____________ in the same place for 35 years.
8. We (not begin)_____________ to study for the test yet.
9. John (hate)____________ smoking.
10. Jill always (get up)____________ at 6.00 a.m.
11. Joan (travel)___________ around the world last year.
12. We (not see)_____________ this movie yet.
13. Terry (mow)__________ the lawn yet.
14. John and I (be)______________ pen pals for nearly 3 years.
15. Mary (stay)____________ with us at the moment.
16. He (wear)___________ the same coat since he (move)___________ here.
17. I (not see)_____________ your brother recently.
18. Listen to those people! What language they (speak)___________?
19. It (not rain)______________ much in our country in winter.
20. I never (talk)_____________ to such an interesting person.
21. They (drive)______________ to school tomorrow.
22. Gene (eat)____________ dinner when his friend called.
23. At three o’clock this morning, Eleanor (study)______________.
24. John (write)________________ his report last night.
25. After John (wash)_____________ his clothes, he began to study.
26. Tim (go)____________ to France last year.
27. When the teacher (enter)___________the room, the students were talking.
28. We (hold)_____________ a soccer match next Sunday.
29. Guillermo (call)_____________ his employer yesterday.
30. Jane sent a letter to his university after she (receive)___________ her scholarship check..
31. The car (flip)______________ ten times before it landed on its roof.
32. While Joan was writing the report, Henry (look)_____________ for more information.
33 What you (do)______________ last weekend?
33. Mr. and Mrs. Ba (take)____________ some beautiful photos a few days ago.
34. Her brother (talk)_____________ to his pen pal on the phone at the moment.
35. They (not contact)_______________ to each other for a long time.
36. Nothing (be)______________ done since I moved here.
37. I used to walk to school when I (be)_______________ in primary school.
38. He (go)_______________ to that book shop tomorrow.
39. Lan (drink)_____________ two bottles of water every day.
40. She (be)__________ a Vietnamese student. She (be)___________ born in Ho Chi Minh city.
She (go)______________ abroad last year to study English. She (learn)______________
French before she began to study English. She (make)_____________ great progress since
she (get)______________ there. Next month, she will take the final exam. She
(be)_____________ able to get a good job when she (return)_____________ to Vietnam.
UNIT 2: PASSIVE VOICE(THỂ BỊ ĐỘNG)
I. SIMPLE TENSES: (Các thi đơn giản)
.................................... Active: S + V + O
............ Passive: O + (BE) + V3/ed + (by O)
............Ex: My mother buys this book.
............ This book is bought by my mother.
We found the book in his bag.
............ The book was found in his bag.
I will buy a new house.
............A new house will be bought
II. CONTINUOUS TENSES (Các thi tiếp diễn)
........................ Active:........................ S + (BE) + V-ing +
O
........................ Passive:........................S + (BE) + BEING +
V3/ed + (by O)
Ex: She is typing the letter.
............ The letter is being typed by her.
She were planting trees in the garden
Trees were being planted in the garden by her.
I will be doing exercises at 7 o’clock tomorrow.
............ Exercises will be being done at 7 o’clock tomorrow.
III. PERFECT TENSES (Các thi hoàn thành)
Active:........................ S + (HAVE) + V3/ed + O
Passive:............ S + (HAVE) + BEEN + V3/ed + ( by O)
Active: S + V + Indirect O + Direct O
Passive: 1. Ind.O + BE + V3/ed + Direct O + ( by O )
2. Direct O + BE + V3/ed + Prep. + Ind.O + (by O)
Active: S + MODAL VERB + V0+ O
Passive: S + MODAL VERB + BE + V3/ed + ( by O)
Active: S + V(believe/say/hope/feel/report/think) + that + S + V….
Passive: IT + BE + V3/ed + that + S + V….
S + (Be) + Ved/3 + to Vo …..
They have used this car for 10 years.
............ This car has been used for 10 years.
They had bought the house before I arrived.
The house had been bought before I arrived.
I will have finished my work by tonight.
My work will have been finished by tonight.
IV. PASSIVE VOICE WITH TWO OBJECTS (Thể bị đông với 2 túc tư)
Ex: I will present him a gift.
He will be presented a gift.
A gift will be present to him.
I bought him a book.
He was bought a book.
A book was bought for him.
V. PASSIVE VOICE WITH MODAL VERBS (Bị đông với đông tư khiếm khuyết)
Ex:
He can sing a song
A song can be sung by him.
They should repair the road.
The road should be repaired.
They had better finished their project.
Their project had better be finished.
VI. PASSIVE VOICE WITH “IT” (Bị đông với ‘IT’)
Active : S + (HAVE/GET) + O(person) + (to) V0 + O (thing)
Passive: S + (HAVE/GET) + O (thing) + V3/ed + (by + O)
Ex: People believed that the earth was the center of the universe.
It was believed that the earth was the center of the universe.
The earth was believed to be the center of the universe.
VII. PASSIVE VOICE WITH CAUSATIVE FORM (Thể bị đông truyền khiến)
Ex: I have him lean the car.
I have the car cleaned.
He got the barber to cut his hair.
He got his hair cut by the barber.
Change these sentences into passive voice
1. We speak English here.
English _________________________________________________________
2. I posted the letter yesterday.
The letter _______________________________________________________
3. Thomson discovered the electron.
The electron _____________________________________________________
4. She has made so many mistakes.
So many mistakes_________________________________________________
5. Detectives were questioning three men last night.
Three men ______________________________________________________
6. The police did not find the drugs.
The drugs _______________________________________________________
7. They will destroy the drugs.
The drugs _______________________________________________________
8. The child broke the vase.
The vase ________________________________________________________
9. The guest breaks the vase.
The vase ________________________________________________________
10. The nurse gives the patient a sleeping pill.
The patient ______________________________________________________
A sleeping pill ___________________________________________________
11. John cooked the food last night.
The food _______________________________________________________
12. John cooks the food today.
The food _______________________________________________________
13. John is cooking the food.
The food _______________________________________________________
(Câu điều kiện)1. Conditional sentence type I ( real present or possible future )
Form:
If - clause Main clause
Simple Present (S + V-s/es,am/is/are) Simple Present (S+ V-s/es,am/is/are)
S + can/may/must + V0
(Please) Vo + ….
Simple Future (will + V0)
Usage:
Sự việc có thật ở hiện tại hoặc có thể xảy ra ở hiện tại hoặc tương lai.
Ex : If it is sunny, we will go to the beach.
........................ If you come here, I am happy
If we heat water at 100oC, it boils.
If you go to the market tomorrow, please buy me some eggs.
2. Conditional sentence type II ( unreal present)
Form :
If - clause Main clause
Simple Past (S+ V-2/ed), (be - were) Past Future (S+ would/ could + V0)
Usage
Sự việc không thể xảy ra ở hiện tại.
Ex: If I were you, I would drive more carefully in the rain.
............If I had enough money now, I would buy this house .
3.Conditional sentence type III ( unreal past )
Form:
If - clause Main clause
Past perfect (S + had + V3/ed) Modal Perfect (S+ would /could + have + V3/ed)
Usage:
Sự việc không có thật ở quá khứ.
Ex : If he had taken his father’s advice yesterday, he would not have got wet.
............ If I had had enough money, I would have went abroad.
Note :
Unless = If … not
If we don’t hurry, we’ll miss the bus
-> Unless we hurry, we’ll miss the bus
Omission IF (Bỏ If)
If I had tried my best, I would have passed the exam.
-> Had I tried my best, I would have passed the exam.
Exercise 1: Put the verbs in brackets into the correct tenses.
1. If I see him, I (give) ................................... him a lift
2. The table will collapse if you (stand)..............................on it
3. If he (eat).................................all that, he will be ill
4. The police (arrest)....................................him if they catch him
5. Someone (steal )………………… your car if you leave it unlocked
6. If you (not go)......................................... away, I'll send for the police
7. If he (be).................................... late, we'll go without him
8. He will be late for the train if he (not start) .................................... at once
9. Ice (turn)............................... to water if you heat it
10. If we had been here, we .................. (can help) you.
11. She will ask you if she..................(need) help.
12. I .................. (ask) her t go if I had thought of it.
13. I .................. (try) to visit her if I had time.
14. If you............... (drive) from London to Glasgow, which way would you go?
15. If I had known that you were in hospital I ................................... (visit) you.
16. The ground was very soft. But for that, my horse................................... (win).
17. If you ................................... (arrive) ten minutes earlier you would have got a seat.
18. You would have seen my garden at its best if you ............................. (be) here last week.
19. But for his quickness I ................................... (be) killed.
20. I shouldn’t have believed it if I................................... (not see) it with my own eyes.
21. If he had slipped he................................... (fall) 500 meters.
22. If he had asked you, you ................................... (accept)?
23. If I ................................... (had) a map I would have been all right.
24. If I ................................... (know) that you were coming I’d have baked a cake.
25. I ................................... (offer) to help him if I had realized that he was ill.
26. If you had left that wasp alone it ................................... (not sting) you.
27. If I ..........................(realize) what a bad driver you were I wouldn’t have come with you.
28. If I had realized that the traffic lights were red, I ................................... (stop).
29. But for the fog we ................................... (reach) our destination ages ago.
30. If you had taken care of your children, they might ........................... (be) more confident.
31. If I had a typewriter I ................................... (type) it myself.
32. If I ................................... (know) his address I’d give it to you.
33. He ................................... (look) a lot better if he shaved more often.
34. If you ................................... (play) for lower stakes you wouldn’t lose so much.
35. If he worked more slowly he ................................... (not make) so many mistakes.
36. I shouldn’t drink that wine if I ................................... (be) you.
37. More tourist would come to this country if it ..............................(have) a better climate.
38. If I were sent to prison you ................................... (visit) me?
39. If someone ................................... (give) you a helicopter what would you do with it?
40. I ................................... (buy) shares in that company if I had some money.
II. Rewrite these sentences using conditional sentences.
1. We didn’t know you were in hospital, so we didn’t visit you.
If ……………………………………………………………………………………
2. He’s very thin; perhaps that’s why he feels the cold so much.
If …………………………………………………………………………………………
3. She didn’t speak to him possibly because she was so shy.
If …………………………………………………………………………………………
4. He can’t buy the car unless he saves from now.
If …………………………………………………………………………………………
5. People drive very fast. That’s why there are so many accidents.
If …………………………………………………………………………………………
6. I didn’t see the signal, so I didn’t stop.
If …………………………………………………………………………………………
7. I feel tired now because I stayed up too late last night.
If …………………………………………………………………………………………
8. I didn’t turn left at the station, and I lost my way.
If …………………………………………………………………………………………
9. I didn’t realize you were tired when I asked you to go for a walk.
If …………………………………………………………………………………………
10. My friend advised me to sell the car.
If …………………………………………………………………………………………
11. I can’t write to her because I don’t have her address.
If …………………………………………………………………………………
12. Unfortunately I didn’t see him, so I couldn’t give him your message.
If …………………………………………………………………………………
13. I’d like to go abroad but I can’t afford it.
If …………………………………………………………………………………
14. They got in because you didn’t lock the door.
If …………………………………………………………………………………
15. We won’t come to the party because she’s always on holiday.
If …………………………………………………………………………………
16. He was so tired that he went home at lunchtime.
If …………………………………………………………………………………
17. We can’t go out because it’s raining.
If …………………………………………………………………………………
18. He didn’t realize what was happening or he would have run away.
If …………………………………………………………………………………
19. I am not going to buy that car because it’s so expensive.
If …………………………………………………………………………………
20. Luckily we booked a room or she would have been furious.
If …………………………………………………………………………………………
21. I can’t write to her because I don’t have her address.
If …………………………………………………………………………………
22. Unfortunately I didn’t see him, so I couldn’t give him your message.
If …………………………………………………………………………………
23. I’d like to go abroad but I can’t afford it.
If …………………………………………………………………………………
24. They got in because you didn’t lock the door.
If …………………………………………………………………………………
25. We won’t come to the party because she’s always on holiday.
If …………………………………………………………………………………
26. He was so tired that he went home at lunchtime.
If …………………………………………………………………………………
27. We can’t go out because it’s raining.
If …………………………………………………………………………………
28. He didn’t realize what was happening or he would have run away.
If …………………………………………………………………………………
29. I am not going to buy that car because it’s so expensive.
If …………………………………………………………………………………
30. Luckily we booked a room or she would have been furious.
If …………………………………………………………………………………………
31. 21.. I didn’t eat lunch, I feel hungry now.
–> If I…………………………………………………………………………………
22. If you want my advice, I wouldn’t buy it.
–> If I …………………………………………………………………………………
23. He didn’t revise all his lessons, he failed the exam.
–> If he…………………………………………………………………………………
24. The park is over there, only 5 minutes’ walk.
–> If you walk…………………………………………………………………………………
25. In case it rains, we’ll stay at home
–> If it…………………………………………………………………………………
26. He can’t go out because he has to study for his exam.
=> If…………………………………………………………………………………
27. She is lazy so she can’t pass the exam.
=>If…………………………………………………………………………………
28. He will pay me tonight; I will have enough money to buy a car.
=> If…………………………………………………………………………………
29. He smokes too much; that’s why he can’t get rid of his cough.
=>If…………………………………………………………………………………
30. She is very shy, so she doesn’t enjoy the party.
=> If…………………………………………………………………………………
31. I will get a work permit. I will stay for another month.
=> If…………………………………………………………………………………
32. He doesn’t take any exercises. He is so unhealthy
=> If…………………………………………………………………………………
33. We can’t get the ticket because I don’t have the right change.
=> If…………………………………………………………………………………
34. Study hard or you won’t pass the exam.
=> If…………………………………………………………………………………
35. Don’t be impatient or you will make mistakes.
=>If…………………………………………………………………………………
UNIT 4: REPORTED SPEECH/INDIRECT SPEECH
(Câu tường thuật/Câu gián tiếp)
I. Đông tư tường thuật ở thi hiện tại hoặc tương lai: Nếu động tư tường thuật ở thì HIỆN TẠI hoặc TƯƠNG LAI, ta
KHÔNG thay đổi thì.Ex: He says to me, “I and you will go with her father tomorrow.” ---> He tells me (that) he and I will go with her father tomorrow. * Chú ý: say to ---> tell
II. Đông tư tường thuật ở thi quá khứ: Nếu động tư tường thuật ở thì quá khứ, ta đổi ba yếu tô là ngôi, thì của động
tư và trạng tư chỉ thời gian và nơi chôn. 1) Thì của động từ: (Lùi về quá khứ một bậc)
2) Trạng từ chỉ thời gian nơi chốn:
3) Thay đổi chủ từ, túc từ và tính từ sở hữu cho phù hợp với ý nghĩa của câu.
Ex: - She said to me, “I met your brother yesterday.”
She told me that she had met my brother the day before. III. Các dạng câu tường thuật: 1. Câu khẳng định và phủ định (Statements)
S said/(said to + O), “S + V + O …” S + said/( told + O) + (that) + S + V + O
Ex1: He said, “I have seen her today.” ---> He said (that) he had seen her that day. Ex2: The teacher said to Peter, “The prize was not given to you.”
---> The teacher told Peter (that) the prize had not been given to him. * Chú ý: said to ---> told
2. Câu hỏi: (Questions)2.1 Y/N Question.
S + asked + (O), “Am/Is/Do/Does/Did/Have… + S + V + O?” S + asked + (O)+ IF/WHETHER + S + V + O
Ex1: She asked me, “Do you like him?” ---> She asked me if I liked him. Ex2: He said, “Can you speak English, Nam?” ---> He asked Nam whether he could speak English. 2.2 WH-Question.
S + asked/wondered/wanted to know, “WH + Am/Is/Do/Does/Did/Have… + S + V + O?” S + asked/wondered/wanted to know + WH + S + V + O.
Ex1: He said, “What is her name?” He asked what her name was. Ex2: She said to him, “Where do you live?” She asked him where he lived. * said to asked
3. Câu mệnh lệnh: (Commands/Requests)Động tư tường thuật thường là told/asked/ordered/reminded.. (bảo/yêu cầu/ra lệnh/nhắc nhở). 1. Khẳng định:
S + said/(said to +O), “ Vo ……., please.” S + told/asked/ordered/reminded… + (O) + TO + Vo ……
Ex: The teacher said, “Go to the board, John.” The teacher told John to go to the board. Chú ý: Không dung ‘please’ trong câu tường thuật.2. Phủ định:
S + said/(said to +O), “ Don’t + Vo ……., please.” S + told/asked/ordered/reminded… + (O) + NOT TO + Vo ……
Ex: - Nam said to his friend, “Don’t shut the door.”
Nam asked his friend not to shut the door.
EXERCISESI. Finish the sentences using Reported speech. Always change the tense, although
it is sometimes not necessary.
Example: Peter: "Clean the black shoes!"
Peter told me _________________________
Answer: Peter told me to clean the black shoes.
1) Andrew: "Clean the blue bike!"
Andrew told me ……………………………………………………………………
2) Jessica: "Write a text message!"
Jessica told me …………………………………………………………………………
3) Nelly: "Help Peter's sister!"
Nelly told me …………………………………………………………………………
4) Fred: "Wash your hands!"
Fred told me …………………………………………………………………………
5) Anna: "Open the window!"
Anna told me …………………………………………………………………………
6) Tom: "Come at 8!"
Tom told me …………………………………………………………………………
7) Teacher: "Do your homework!"
The teacher told me …………………………………………………………………
8) Doris: "Dance with me!"
Doris told me …………………………………………………………………………
9) Sabine: "Meet Sandy at the station!"
Sabine told me ……………………………………………………………………
10) Victoria: "Check your e-mails!"
Victoria told me ……………………………………………………………………
II. Finish the sentences using Reported speech. Always change the tense,
although it is sometimes not necessary.
Example: Peter: "Don't clean the black shoes!"
Peter told me _________________________
Answer: Peter told me not to clean the black shoes.
1) Karen: "Don't play football in the garden!"
Karen told me …………………………………………………………………………
2) Teacher: "Don't forget your homework!"
The teacher reminded me ………………………………………………………………
3) Mike: "Don't shout at Peter!"
Mike told me …………………………………………………………………………
4) Yvonne: "Don't talk to your neighbour!"
Yvonne told me …………………………………………………………………………
5) Denise: "Don't open the door!"
Denise told me …………………………………………………………………………
6) Marcel: "Don't sing that song!"
Marcel reminded me ……………………………………………………………………
7) Jane: "Don't watch the new film!"
Jane advised me ………………………………………………………………………
8) Walter: "Don't ring Romy on Sunday!"
Walter told me ……………………………………………………………………….
9) Lisa: "Don't fly via Paris!"
Lisa advised me ………………………………………………………………………
10) Jamie: "Don't eat so much junk food!"
Jamie reminded me ……………………………………………………………………
III. Finish the sentences using Reported speech. Always change the tense,
although it is sometimes not necessary.
Example: Peter: "I clean the black shoes."
Peter told me that ____________________________
Answer: Peter told me that he cleaned the black shoes.
1) John: "Mandy is at home."
John said that ……………………………………………………………………
2) Max: "Frank often reads a book."
Max told me that …………………………………………………………………
3) Susan: "I'm watching TV."
Susan said to me that ……………………………………………………………
4) Simon: "David was ill."
Simon said that ……………………………………………………………………
5) Peggy: "The girls helped in the house."
Peggy told me that ……………………………………………………………………
6) Richard: "I am going to ride a skateboard."
Richard said to me that ………………………………………………………………
7) Stephen and Claire: "We have cleaned the windows."
Stephen and Claire told me that ……………………………………………………
8) Charles: "I didn't have time to do my homework."
Charles remarked that ………………………………………………………………
9) Mrs. Jones: "My mother will be 50 years old."
Mrs. Jones told me that ………………………………………………………………
10) Jean: "The boss must sign the letter."
Jean said that ……………………………………………………………………
IV. Finish the sentences using Reported speech. Always change the tense, although
it is sometimes not necessary.
Example: Peter: "I cleaned the black shoes yesterday."
Peter told me that _________________________________
Answer: Peter told me that he had cleaned the black shoes the day before.
1) Emily: "Our teacher will go to Leipzig tomorrow."
Emily said that ……………………………………………………………………
2) Helen: "I was writing a letter yesterday."
Helen told me that ……………………………………………………………………
3) Robert: "My father flew to Dallas last year."
Robert told me that ……………………………………………………………………
4) Lisa: "Tim went to the stadium an hour ago."
Lisa said that ……………………………………………………………………
5) Patricia: "My mother will celebrate her birthday next weekend."
Patricia said that ……………………………………………………………………
6) Michael: "I am going to read a book this week."
Michael said to me that ……………………………………………………………………
7) Jason and Victoria: "We will do our best in the exams tomorrow."
Jason and Victoria told me that ……………………………………………………………
8) Andrew: "We didn't eat fish two days ago."
Andrew remarked that ……………………………………………………………………
9) Alice: "I spent all my pocket money on Monday."
Alice complained that ……………………………………………………………………
10) David: "John had already gone at six."
David said that ……………………………………………………………………
V. Finish the sentences using Reported speech. Always change the tense,
although it is sometimes not necessary.
Example: Peter: "Did John clean the black shoes?"
Peter asked me _________________________________
Answer: Peter asked me if John had cleaned the black shoes.
1) Christopher: "Do you want to dance?"
Christopher asked me ……………………………………………………………………
2) Betty: "When did you come?"
Betty wanted to know ……………………………………………………………………
3) Mark: "Has John arrived?"
Mark asked me ……………………………………………………………………
4) Ronald: "Where does Maria park her car?"
Ronald asked me ……………………………………………………………………
5) Elisabeth: "Did you watch the latest film?"
Elisabeth asked me ……………………………………………………………………
6) Mandy: "Can I help you?"
Mandy wanted to know …………………………………………………………………
7) Andrew: "Will Mandy have lunch with Sue?"
Andrew asked me ……………………………………………………………………
8) Justin: "What are you doing?"
Justin asked me ……………………………………………………………………
9) Frank: "How much pocket money does Lisa get?"
Frank wanted to know ………………………………………………………………
10) Anne: "Must I do the shopping?"
Anne asked ……………………………………………………………………
VI. Finish the sentences using Reported speech. Always change the tense,
although it is sometimes not necessary.
Example: Peter: "Did John clean the black shoes yesterday?"
Peter asked me _________________________________________
Answer: Peter asked me if John had cleaned the black shoes the day before.
1) Mandy: "Are the boys reading the book?"
Yesterday Mandy asked me ………………………………………………………………
2) Jason: "Who gave you the laptop?"
Yesterday Jason wanted to know …………………………………………………………
3) Robert: "Is Tim leaving on Friday?"
Yesterday Robert asked me ………………………………………………………………
4) Daniel: "Will it rain tomorrow?"
Yesterday Daniel asked me ………………………………………………………………
5) Jennifer: "Where do you play football today?"
Yesterday Jennifer wanted to know ………………………………………………………
6) Nancy: "Why didn't Nick go to New York last summer?"
Yesterday Nancy wanted to know ………………………………………………………
7) Barbara: "Must I do my homework this afternoon?"
Yesterday Barbara asked me ……………………………………………………………
8) Linda: "Did Max fly to London two weeks ago?"
Yesterday Linda wanted to know …………………………………………………………
9) Grandmother: "Where are my glasses?"
Yesterday Grandmother asked me ………………………………………………………
10) A man: "When does the train to Liverpool leave?"
Yesterday a man asked me ………………………………………………………………
VI. Change the following sentences into reported speech.
The victims who were injured in the accident were taken to the hospital.
……………………………………………………………………
123. The message which is sent today may reach them tomorrow.
……………………………………………………………………………………….
V. REDUCE THE FOLLOWING RELATIVE CLAUSE TO PHRASE, USING
INFINITIVE OR PARTICIPLE PHRASES:
124. I don’t like people who arrived late.
…………………………………………………………………………………………
125. I lie in a house which was built a century ago.
…………………………………………………………………………………………
126. The people who work here are very interesting.
…………………………………………………………………………………………
127. The handkerchief which was embroidered by my sister was really beautiful.
…………………………………………………………………………………………
128. I want you to meet the woman who taught me how to drive.
…………………………………………………………………………………………
129. The cake which was made by my mother was very delicious.
…………………………………………………………………………………………
130. This morning I received a letter which upset me a lot.
…………………………………………………………………………………………
131. The composition which was written by Jane was really interesting.
…………………………………………………………………………………………
132. The last person who was interviewed yesterday was Jack.
…………………………………………………………………………………………
134 .Valentina Tereskova was the first woman who flied in to space.
…………………………………………………………………………………………
135. The only person that remain in the classroom was Peter.
…………………………………………………………………………………………
136. Is there any place where we can stay tonight.?
…………………………………………………………………………………………
136. This is the second person who was to be killed in that way.
…………………………………………………………………………………………
137. He hasn’t got anything that he can wear.
…………………………………………………………………………………………
138. He was the first man who told me the truth.
…………………………………………………………………………………………
139. There are some reports which you have to type right now.
…………………………………………………………………………………………
140. The road which connects the two towns is very narrow.
…………………………………………………………………………………………
141. The police never found the money which was stolen in the robbery.
…………………………………………………………………………………………
142. The boy who was injured in the accident was taken to the hospital
…………………………………………………………………………………………
143. The taxi which was taking us to the airport broke down.
…………………………………………………………………………………………
144. Do you know the man who left the message?
…………………………………………………………………………………………
145. Yuri Gagarin was the first man who flew in to space.
…………………………………………………………………………………………
146. The first group that gives the correct answer will win the game.
…………………………………………………………………………………………
147. He is the last person who leaves the room.
………………………………………………………………………
148. I don’t like the students who come late.
…………………………………………………………………………………………
149. I live in a house which was built a century ago.
…………………………………………………………………………………………
150. The people who work here are very interesting.
…………………………………………………………………………………………
151. The handkerchief which was embroidered by my sister was really beautiful.
…………………………………………………………………………………………
152. I want you to meet the woman who taught me how to drive.
…………………………………………………………………………………………
153. The cake which was made by my mother was very delicious.
…………………………………………………………………………………………
154. The composition which was written by Jane was really interesting.
…………………………………………………………………………………………
155. The last person who was interviewed yesterday was Jack.
…………………………………………………………………………………………
156. He was the first man who told me the truth.
…………………………………………………………………………………………
157. The road which connects the two towns is very narrow.
…………………………………………………………………………………………
158. The boy who was injured in the accident was taken to the hospital
…………………………………………………………………………………………
159. The first group that gives the correct answer will win the game.
…………………………………………………………………………………………
UNIT 6: COMPARISON (SO SÁNH)(ADJECTIVES & ADVERBS & NOUNS)
I. SO SÁNH CỦA TÍNH TỪ HOẶC TRẠNG TỪ: A. Comparison of equality: (So sánh bằng)
S1 + (V) + AS + ADJ/ADV + AS + S2
Ex: - She is as tall as her mother (is). - He is as intelligent as his brother (is). - I drive as carefully as he does/him.
B. Inferiority: (So sánh không bằng)
S1 + (NOT + V) + AS/SO + ADJ/ADV + AS + S2
Ex: - She is not so tall as her mother. - He drives less carelessly than she does/her.
Ex: - She is not so tall as her mother. - He drives less carelessly than she does/ her.
C. Comparative: (So sánh hơn)1. Tính từ/trạng từ ngắn (Short Adjectives/Adverbs)
S1 + (V) + ADJ/ADJ+ER + THAN + S2
Ex: - He is taller than me. - I play the organ better than him. - He types faster than me. - His sister is younger than my sister. - My shoes are newer than hers.
2. Tính từ/trạng từ dài (Long adjectives/adverbs)
S1 + (V) + MORE/LESS + ADJ/ADV + THAN + S2
Ex: - I drive more carefully than him. - Peter is more intelligent than Mary. - We run more slowly than those students (do).
D. Superlative: (So sánh nhất)1. Tính từ/ trạng từ ngắn(Short Adjectives/Adverbs)
S + (V) + THE ADJ/ADV+EST + (N) + IN/OF ……Ex: - He is the fastest worker in my company.
- She studies the best in my class.
2. Tính từ/ trạng từ ngắn (Long adjectives/adverbs)S + (V) + THE MOST + ADJ/ADV + (N) + IN/OF ……
Ex: - She is the most beautiful girl in my class. - Tom is the most careless driver that I’ve ever known.
E. So sánh kép: (Double comparison)1. Tinh tư/trạng tư ngắn
THE + ADJ/ADV-ER + S1 + V, THE ADJ/ADV-ER + S2 + V
Ex: - The warmer the weather is, the better I feel. - The earlier we leave, the sooner we arrive.
2. Tinh tư/trạng tư dàiTHE + MORE + ADJ/ADV + S1 + V, THE MORE + ADJ/ADV + S2 + V
Ex: - The more expensive the hotel is, the better service is. - The more electricity you use, the higher your bill will be. - The more you have, the more you want.
good / well........................ better the best tôtbad / badly........................ worse the worst xấu, tồi tệmany / much more............ the most............ nhiêulittle............ less............ the least............ itold............ older / elder the oldest / eldest già, cũfar farther / further the farthest / furthest xa, hơn nữa
- Qui tắc thêm ER và EST đối với tính từ/trạng từ ngắn:1) Tư tận cùng bằng “e” hay phụ âm + “y”
Ex: Large lager largest easy easier easiest
2) Gấp đôi phụ âm: Ex: hot hotter hottest - Những tính từ 2 âm tiết tận cùng bằng ‘–ow, -er, -et, -le, -y’ là TÍNH TỪ NGẮN.
Ex : narrow narrower clever cleverer happy happier- Những trạng từ tận cùng bằng –LY là trạng từ dài (trừ badly và early)
Ex: quickly more quickly; carefully more carefullyII. SO SÁNH DANH TỪ
A. Danh từ đếm được (Countable nouns)S1 + (V) + MORE/FEWER + N + THAN + S2 + (V)
Ex: - I have more friends than he does.- She eats fewer apples than I do.
B. Danh Từ Không Đếm Được (Uncountable nouns)S1 + (V) + MORE/LESS + N + THAN + S2 + (V)
Ex: - I drink less coffee than my brother does.- I earn more money than she he does.
EXERCISES Rewrite the following sentences as suggested.
1. Have you got a cheaper carpet than this?
- Is this ___________________________________________________________.
2. No one in this group is younger than Mary.
- She is ___________________________________________________________.
3. Tom is the best football player in the team.
- No one __________________________________________________________.
4. Everest is higher than any other mountain in the world.
- His car ___________________________________________________________.
20. You are young. You learn easily.
- The younger ______________________________________________________.
21. I get up later than my brother.
- My brother _______________________________________________________.
22. Linda speaks French more fluently than Tom.
- Tom ______________________________________________________________.
UNIT 7: VERB FORMS(Hinh thức đông tư)
1. List of Common Verbs Followed By Gerunds (V + Ving)
Verbs Meanings Examples
admit thưa nhận He admitted stealing the money
advise khuyên She advised waiting until tomorrow.
anticipate đoán trước I anticipate having a good time on vacation.
appreciate cảm kich I appreciated hearing from them.
avoid tránh He avoided answering my question.
complete hoàn thành I finally completed writing my term paper.
consider xem xét I will consider going with you.
delay trì hoãn He delayed leaving for school.
deny phủ nhận She denied committing the crime.
discuss thảo luận They discussed opening a new business.
dislike không thich I dislike driving long distances.
enjoy thich We enjoyed visiting them.
finish kết thúc She finished studying about ten.
forget quên I never forget visiting Napoleon's tomb.
keep giữ I keep hoping he will come.
mention đê cập She mentioned going to a movie.
mind phiên Would you mind helping me with this?
miss nhớ I miss being with my family.
postpone trì hoãn Let's postpone leaving until tomorrow.
practice luyện tập The athlete practiced throwing the ball.
quit ngưng He quit trying to solve the problem.
recommend khuyên She recommended seeing the show.
regret hôi tiếc I regret telling him my secret.
remember nhớ I can remember meeting him when I was a child.
resent bực bội I resent her interfering in my business.
resist chông lại I couldn't resist eating the dessert.
risk mạo hiểm She risks losing all of her money.
stop ngưng She stopped going to classes when she got sick.
suggest đê nghị She suggested going to a movie.
tolerate tha thứ She won't tolerate cheating during an examination.
understand hiểu I don't understand his leaving school.
1. List of Common Verbs Followed By Infinitives (V + To + Vo)
Verbs Meanings Examples
agree đồng ý They agreed to help us.
appear có vẻ She appears to be tired.
ask yêu cầu He asked to come with us.
beg van xin He begged to come with us.
care quan tâm I don't care to see that show.
claimcho là She claims to know a famous movie star.
consentđồng ý She finally consented to marry him.
decide quyết định I have decided to leave on Monday.
demand yêu cầu I demand to know who is responsible.
deserve xứng đáng She deserves to win the prize.
expectmong đợi I expect to enter graduate school in the fall.
failthất bại She failed to return the book to the library on time.
forgetquên I forgot to mail the letter.
hesitate do dự Don't hesitate to ask for my help.
hope hy vọng Jack hopes to arrive next week.
learn học He learned to play the piano.
manage tranh thủ She managed to finish her work early.
mean dự định I didn't mean to hurt your feelings.
needcần I need to have your opinion.
offer đê nghị They offered to help us.
plan dự định I am planning to have a party.
prepare chuẩn bị We prepared to welcome them.
pretend giả vờ He pretends not to understand.
promise hứa I promise not to be late.
refuse tư chôi I refuse to believe his story.
regret hôi tiếc I regret to tell you that you failed.
remember nhớ I remembered to lock the door.
seem dường như That cat seems to be friendly.
threatenđe dọa She threatened to tell my parents.
wait chờ đợi I will wait to hear from you.
want muôn I want to tell you something.
wish ao ước She wishes to come with us.
3. List of Common Verbs Followed By Gerunds or Infinitives (V + to Vo/Ving)- Same Meaning (Y nghĩa giông nhau)begin, start, like, love, hate, continue, prefer, can't stand / can't bearEx: - I began to study English 5 years ago. - I began studying English 5 years ago. - Different Meaning (Y nghĩa khác nhau)
Infinitive GerundRemember - nhớ để làm 1 viêc gì / bổn phận
Ex: Jane always remembers to turn off the lights before going to bed.
- nhớ lai viêc đã làm Ex: I remember seeing Niagara Falls for the first time
Forget - quên làm 1 viêc gì / bổn phận Ex: Sometimes John forgets to turn off the lights before going to bed
- quên đã làmEx: I will never forget seeing Niagara Falls for the first time.
Try - cố gắng làm 1 viêc gìI'm trying to learn how to cook.
- thử làm 1 viêc gì I tried turning on the fan.
Regret - lấy làm tiếc phải làm Ex: I regret to tell you that you failed the test
- ân hận về điều đã làm Ex: I regret not listening to my parents' advice. They were right.
Stop - dừng lai để làm 1 viêc gì Ex: When I saw a doll in the shop window, I stopped to look at it.
- thôi / ngưng / không làm viêc đó nữaEx: I stopped walking in order to look at it
Need - cần làm điều gìEx: I need to study well.
- cần được làm (nghĩa bị động)Ex: My house needs repairing.
2. List of Common Verbs Followed By Noun/Pronoun and Infinitive (V + O + to Vo)
Verbs Meanings Examples
advise khuyênShe advised me to wail until tomorrow.
allow cho phép She allowed me to use her car.
ask yêu cầu I asked John to help us.
beg van xin They begged us to come.
cause gây ra, làm cho Her laziness caused her to fail.
challenge thách thức She challenged me to race her to the corner.
convince thuyết phụcI couldn't convince him to accept our help.
dare dámHe dared me to do better than he had done.
encourage động viênHe encouraged me to try again.
expect mong đợiI expect you to be on time.
forbid cấm I forbid you to tell him.
force bắt buộc They forced him to tell die truth.
hire thuê She hired a boy to mow the lawn.
instruct hướng dẫn, dạy He instructed them to be careful.
invite mờiHarry invited the Johnsons to come to his party.
need cầnWe needed Chris to help us figure out the solution.
order ra lệnhThe judge ordered me to pay a fine.
permit cho phép He permitted the children to slay up late.
persuade thuyết phục I persuaded him to come for a visit.
remind nhắc nhởShe reminded me to lock the door.
require yêu cầuOur teacher requires us to be on time.
teach dạyMy brother taught me to swim,
tell bảoThe doctor told me to take these pills.
urge hôi thúcI urged her to apply for the job.
want muônI want you to be happy.
warn cảnh báoI warned you not to drive too fast.
Chú ý: - Sau giới tư, động tư ở dạng Ving
- Ex: You can start the machine by pressing that button.- Sau tư để hỏi, động tư ở dạng TO + Vo
- Ex: I don’t know what to do now.
EXERCISES Complete the sentences with the correct form, gerund or infinitive, of the words in parentheses.1. He made me............(do) it all over again. 2. He wants me............(go) with him. 3. I prefer............ (drink) tea to coffee. 4. She can............(sing) quite well. 5. Would you like (go) now or shall we............(wait) till the end? 6. After (hear) that sorry, we dare not to go out. 7. I used to............(live) in a caravan. 8. We enjoy (go) on a trip with our classmates. 9. You ought............(go) today. 10. You needn’t............(say) anything. 11. I don’t mind............(wait) for you. 12. May I............(use) your telephone? 13. They refused............(help) me when I asked them. 14. Please let me............(know) your decision. 15. It is easy............(be) wise after that event. 16. You seem............(know) this area well. 17. I advise her (start)............(look) for a flat at once. 18. They don’t allow............(smoke) in the meeting room. 19. I can’t stand her............(behave) like that. 20. I tried............(persuade) him (agree) with my project. 21. You are too young (ride) motorbike. 22. Before............(give) evidence, you must............(swear). 23. It is nice............(see) you again. 24. My parents allowed me............(go) with you. 25. We are fed up with............(do) the same work everyday. 26. He is strong enough............(lift) this metal box.
27. I intend............(visit) him. 28. I have a mountain of work............(do). 29. I can’t help (sneeze) because I caught a cold. 30. It is very kind of you............(say) so. 31. They keep............(talk) about the animal performances. 32. Do you remember (buy) me a box of colored pencils? 33. We arrange (meet) them here. 34. I hate............(listen) to Rap music. 35. He wore dark glasses to avoid............(be) recognized. 36. Would you mind............(close) the windows? 37. I wish............(see) the Queen. 38. He stopped (smoke) two years ago. 39. We can’t find the place where............(park) the car. 40. She told me............(follow) her. 41. He insisted on............(see) the documents. 42. Ask him............(come) in, please. 43. They succeeded in............ (escape) from the burning house. 44. The man began............(fire). 45. The flight attendant reminded us............(fasten) the belts. 46. This bag is worth............(buy). 47. I’m looking forward to............(hear) from you soon. 48. There is no point in (go) by car when we can’t find the parking place. 49. Be careful of............(speed) cars when you cross the street. 50. We had better............(meet) him this afternoon. 51. You’d rather............(not / go) out at midnight. 52. It is difficult for foreigners to get used to............(eat) with chopsticks. 53. In England............(drive) on the right-hand side of the road is illegal. 54. Sometimes Americans are said............( be) superficially friendly. 55. A lot of smokers want to quit............(smoke). 56. She is very keen on............(play) tennis. 57. Americans tend............(be) informal in get-together. 58. You have to study harder (keep) pace with your classmates. 59. Mary will have............ (go) to New York next week. 60. My brother gave up............(drink) beer 2 years ago. 61. Are you accustomed to............(get) up early? 62. We have Mary............ (clean) and iron our clothes. 63............. (smoke) is harmful to your health. 64. Seeing is............(believe) 65. I have no objection to............ (hear) your story again. 66. Touch your toes without............(bend) your knees. 67. I’d hate............(live) beside a volcano when it started (erupt) 68. Even lazy people would rather............(work) than starve. 69. They paused on the steps............(look) at the beautiful garden. 70. He spent most of his time (work) in the garden. 71. Why does he detest............(write) letters? 72. We are willing............(check) our work. 73. It’s no use (help) him, is it? 74. Keep (talk)…………….. I'm listening to you.75. The children promised (play) …………….more quietly. They promised (make, not) …………..so much noise.
76. Linda offered (look after) ………………...my cat while I was out of town.77. Alex's dog loves (chase) ………………..sticks.78. The doctor ordered Mr. Gray (smoke, not) ……………….79. Don't tell me his secret. I prefer (know, not)……………………….80. Could you please stop (whistle)……………….? I'm trying (concentrate)……………81. Pat told us (wait, not) …………… for her.82. Mr. Buck warned his daughter (play, not)…………. with her classmates.83. Would you please remind me (call) ………….Gina tomorrow?84. Liz encouraged me (throw away) my old running shoes a with holes in the toes and (buy)…………..85. Sally reminded me (ask) …………… you (tell)…………Bob (remember)………….. (bring) ……….. his soccer ball to the picnic.86. The students practiced (pronounce)……………….. the "th" sound in the phrase "these thirty-three dirty trees."87. My little cousin is a blabbermouth! He can't resist (tell) ……………everyone my secrets!88. I think Sam deserves (have)………………….. another chance.89. Please (stop) ……………… smoking in my office.90. Margaret challenged me (race)……………………. her across the pool.91. I finally managed (persuade) ……………………. Yoko (stay)……………..in school and (finish) her degree.92. Olga finally admitted (be)…………………. responsible for the problem.93. Don't forget (tell)…………..Jane (call)………………me about (go) …………..(swim) ……… tomorrow.94. Put the correct form of the verb in the parentheses.
UNIT 8: INVERSION & FRONTING(Sự đảo ngữ)
1. Questions: (Câu hỏi)
Ex: - What are you looking for?
- Why do you to study English?
- Has your father arrived?
- Are you reading the magazine?
2. Exclamations: (Câu cảm thán)
Ex: - Isn’t it cold? = How cold it is!
- Hasn’t she got lovely eyes? = What lovely eyes she has got!
- Am I mad! = How mad I am!
3. After SO, NEITHER, NOR:
Ex: - I’m very hungry. So is he.
- We don’t like beer. Neither do they.
- He cannot play tennis. Nor can she.
- The room was so tidy that you needn’t arrange anything.
- So tidy was the room that you needn’t arrange anything.
4. After negative and restrictive expressions: (Sau các cụm tư giới hạn và phu định)
Một sô trạng tư hoặc ngữ trạng tư được đưa lên đầu câu để nhấn mạnh thì chúng thường
được theo sau bởi một trợ động tư và chủ tư (đảo ngữ)
Ex: Under no circumstances can we cash cheques.
At no time was the President aware of what was happening.
Not until much later did she learn who her real father was.
Hardly had I arrived when trouble started.
Seldom have I seen such an interesting film.
Little did he realize the danger he faced.
Never does she behave like that.
Only then did I understand what she meant.
Only after her death did I recognize she was my mother.
Not only did we lose our money but we were nearly killed.
Not a single word did she say.
On no condition are they to fire.
In no case can you come out of the room.
5. Conditional clause: (Mệnh đề điều kiện)
Trong câu điêu kiện có thể đảo WERE và HAD lên trước chủ ngữ và bỏ chữ IF.
Ex: - If I were a millionaire, I would buy that castle.
Were I a millionaire, I would buy that castle.
- Had we not spent all the money already, we would have lent you some.
6. Whole verb before subject: (Tất cả đông tư trước chu tư)
Một sô trạng tư chỉ nơi chôn khi được đưa lên đầu câu để nhấn mạnh thì phải đảo toàn
bộ động tư chinh của câu đó lên trước chủ tư.
Ex: - Under the tree was lying one of the biggest men I had ever seen.
- On the grass sat an enormous frog.
- Near the window sits a handsome boy!
- Along the road came a strange person.
- Here comes Jack
- There goes your brother.
Khi chủ ngữ là một đại tư nhân xưng thì không được đảo ngữ.
Ex: - Here she comes.
- There you are.
EXERCISEPut the adverb or adverbial phrase at the beginning of the sentence to emphasize.
1. Mrs. Jones spends too much time making this dress.
smart. (adjective)now. (adverb)English. (noun)her. (pronoun)his own business. (noun phrase)to study abroad. (verb phrase)in the front yard. (prepositional phrase)French at this school. (noun+ prepositional phrase) to get married soon. (verb phrase + adverb)
3)
Subject VerbComplement
Indirect Object Direct ObjectHe They
teachesbought
usMary
English.some flowers.
Chú ý: Nếu indirect object đi sau direct object thì nó được bắt đầu bởi giới tư TO hoặc FOR.
B. Negative StatementsCâu phủ định chủ yếu được thể hiện bằng hai cách:
1. Thêm NOT vào sau trợ động tư (Auxiliary Verbs), BE và động tư khiếm khuyết (Modal Verbs).
Subject Be/M.Verb/Aux + NOT ComplementAliceHeAll of usTheyWe
is notcannot swimare not workingwill not behave not arrived
an engineer.across this river.at this moment.doctors.yet.
2. Mượn trợ động tư rồi thêm NOT vào trợ động tư và trả động tư chinh vê Vo.
Subject do, does, did + NOT + Vo ComplementIMy teacherTom
do not knowdoes not enjoydid not like
anybody here.classical music.coffee.
C. Interrogative (Câu hỏi)Khi thành lập câu hỏi, chúng ta đặt động tư BE, động tư khiếm khuyết hoặc trợ động tư trước chủ tư.
1. Yes/No Questions
Aux/Be/M. Verb Subject (Main Verb) ComplementIsDo Will
HCM cityyouthe committee
believedecide
a major cultural center?on the proposal today?
2. Wh-Questionsa) Who, what hoặc Which trong câu hỏi chu tư
Who/What/Which Verb Complement?WhoWhatWhich
washappenedis
the first to come?last night?your hat?
b) Whom, what hoặc which trong câu hỏi bổ ngữ
Whom/what/which Aux Subject Verb Complement?WhomWhat
dodid
YouPeter
likebuy
most?at the supermarket?
c) Câu hỏi When, where, how và Why
WhenWhereWhyHow
Aux Subject Verb Compliment?
WhyWhen
don'tshould
youI
buyend
some meat for dinner?a letter with “Your sincerely”?
3. Indirect questions (Câu hỏi gián tiếp)
a) Subject Verb Question word Subject Verb Complement I know why he is happened worried.
b)Aux Subject Verb Question word Subject Verb Complement ?DoDo
youyou
knowknow
whoTom
has been invitedwas
to the party ?absent yesterday ?
II. COMPOUND SENTENCES (Câu ghép)
A. Với liên tư chính : and, but, so, for, or, yet, …
S + V + O, liên tư chính S + V + OWe’re making good progress, but we’ve still got a long way to go.He obviously doesn’t have a plan, or he would have said something.She was often sad, and sometimes she didn’t eat her food.
B. Với trạng tư liên kết : however, nevertheless, moreover, furthermore, accordingly, therefore, …
S + V + O; trạng tư liên kết, S + V + ONo formal complaint was made; accordingly, the police took no action.It’s a difficult race; nevertheless, about 1,000 runners participate every year.Many colleges do not have dormitories; however, they provide housing referral service.
C. Với dấu chấm phẩy (;)
S + V + O ; S + V + OBob dominated Dave; Ken dominated me.American way of life does not foster happiness; half of all the American marriages end in divorce.
III. COMPLEX SENTENCES (CÂU PHỨC)
A. Complex sentences with Adjective Clauses (Câu phức chứa mệnh đề tính tư)1. With WHO, WHOM, WHICH, THAT, WHOSE
SUBJECT PRONOUNSWho, which, that
The student is from China. He sits next to me.- The student who sits next to me is from China.- The student that sits next to me is from China.
OBJECT PRONOUNSWho(m), which, that
I liked the woman. I met her at the party last night.- I like the woman who(m) I met at party last night.- I liked the woman that I met at party last night.- I liked the woman Ø I met at the party last night.
OBJECT OF A PREPOSITIONWho(m), that, Ø
The man was very kind. I talked to him yesterday.- The man to who(m) I talked yesterday is very kind.- The man who(m) I talked to yesterday is very kind.- The man Ø I talked to yesterday is very kind.
POSSESSIVEWhose
I know the boy. His bicyle was stolen.- I know the boy whose bicycle was stolen.I have a chair. One leg of which is broken.- I have a chair whose one leg is broken.
2. With WHERE, WHEN, WHY
Where=in which The building is very old. He lives there.- The building in which he lives is ver old.
- The building where he lives is very old.When=on which / at which I’ll never forget the day. I met you then.
- I’ll never forget the day when met you.- I’ll never forget the day on which I met you.
Why=for which I don’t know the reason. She left me for that reason.- I don’t know the reason why she left me.- I don’t know the reason for which she left me.
B. Complex sentence with adverb clauses (Câu phức chứa mệnh đề trạng tư)
1. Adverb clause of time (Mệnh đề trạng tư chỉ thời gian)
while, before, afterS + V + as soon as, just as, since + S + V
Whenever,when, until- My children had gone to bed when I came home.- I won’t believe you until I’ve seen it for myself.
2. Adverb clause of Place (Mệnh đề trạng tư chỉ Nơi chốn)
S + V + where/wherever + S + V- We go fishing where we can find a lake.- He slept wherever he could find a hotel.
3. Adverb clause of Condition (Mệnh đề trạng tư chỉ Điều kiện) - If I have money, I will buy a car.- If we caught the early train, we’d get there by lunch.- If she had worked harder, she would have passed the exams.
4. Adverb clause of Manner (Mệnh đề trạng tư chỉ Cách thức)
S + V + as if/as though + S + V- He acts as if he were very sad.- The house was in such a mess – it looked as though a bomb had dropped on it.
5. Adverb clause of Comparison (Mệnh đề trạng tư chỉ So sánh)
as ….. asS + V + -er ….. than + S + V
more ….. thanThe climate is not as hot as it would be.Is the world a safer place than it was a year ago?
6. Adverb clause of Reason (Mệnh đề trạng tư chỉ Nguyên nhân)
S + V + since/as/because + S + VI couldn’t phone you because I hadn’t got your number.You should talk to Tom since he’s the one responsible for the authorizing payments.
7. Adverb clause of Result (Mệnh đề trạng tư chỉ Kết quả)
S + V + so adj/adv that/such (a/an) + N that + S + V
New textbooks are so expensive that many students buy used ones.He speaks to me in such a way that I always feel he is insulting me.
8. Adverb clause of Purpose (Mệnh đề trạng tư chỉ Mục đích)
S + V so that/in order that + S + VWe planned for a long time so that we had a good trip.Regular checks are required in order that safety standards are maintained.
9. Adverb clause of Concession (Mệnh đề trạng tư chỉ Sự nhượng bô)
S + V + though/although/even though + S + VHe bought the tickets although the price was high.Even though I have a master’s degree in business administration, I can’t fill out my tax form.
C. Complex sentence with Noun Clauses (Câu phức chứa mệnh đề danh tư)
1. NOUN CLAUSE + VERB + COMPLEMENTThat he will succeed is certain.What I need is a good long holiday.
2. SUBJECT + VERB + NOUN CLAUSEHe said that he was glad of your success.Experts agree that women learn languages more easily than men do.
3. SUBJEC + VERB + ADJECTIVE + NOUN CLAUSEI was sure that I had left my keys on the computer.It is necessary that all citizens comly with the new restrictions.
EXERCISES
1. They / just / decide / save money / by / use / paper / economically.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
2. Everyone / excited / the / Euro Cup.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
3. He / not / be / able / read / if / he / lose / glasses.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
4. Now / father / try / stop / smoke / because / bad health.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
5. It / necessary / us / pass / final exam.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
6. A new road / build / our village / next year.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
7. My mother / used / getting / early / morning.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
8. We / willing / help you / if / ask.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
9. The man / too / old / apply / that job.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
10. I / never / see / that film / before.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
11. We / ready / go / you / if / you / want.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
12. The boy / so / intelligent / he / answer / all the questions.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
13. She / advise / not / go out / alone / night.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
14. I / live / Hanoi / 20 years
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
15. It / quite / difficult / learn / a new language
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
16. It / such / dirty / restaurant / Nobody / eat / there.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
17. They / look forward / see / you / again.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
18. He / not / go / work / yesterday / because / sick.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
19. If / we / enough money / go / holiday.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
20. It / take / me / 20 minutes / do / homework / last night.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
21. It / important / us / master / foreign language.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
22. The question / difficult / noone /answer .
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
23. It / such / long / book / I / not / finish it / two days.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
24. If / today / Sunday / we / go /swimming.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
25. It / take / them / a week / decorate / their house
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
26. I / not / see / him / since / we / leave /school.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
27. She / ask / me / if / I /go /school / the day before.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
28. He / stay / home / now / because / he / ill.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
29. The door / too / heavy / children / push / open.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
30. They / used to / go / swim / they / young.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
31. The old man / not read / newspaper / because / lose / glasses.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
32. How long / it / take you /get / office ?
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
33. You / be able / speak English / well / if /study / hard.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
34. If / I / you / not do so.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
35. It / too / late / them / go / party.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
36. He / play football / since / ten years old.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
37. She / ask / me / if / I /like /classical music.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
38. He / go / HCM city / next week / take part / international conference.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
39. The water / so / cold / children / not / go swimming.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
40. They / be used to / drive / the left / England.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
41. It/ necessary / you / finish / reports / by Sartuday.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
42. The lesson / difficult / Nobody / understand / it
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
43. I / look forward / hear / all about it.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
44. I / wish / I / not miss / your party / last night.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
45. It / such / interesting / video film / I / see / twice.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
46. She / cook / kitchen / since / she / return home / market.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
47. It / take / me / twenty minutes / do / morning exercise / every day.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
48. He / study / hard / pass / final examination.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
49. The sea / so / rough / children / not / go swimming.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
50. He / used to / smoke / 20 cigarettes a day / when / young.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
51. All of us / be / used / work / eight hours / day / now.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
52. If / she / be / here / now / help / me.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
53. A building / next / bank / repair / next year.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
54. I / wish / I / have / more time / do / homework / last night.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
55. It / such / boring / film / I / fall asleep / before / end
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
56. They / wait / living room / since / the doctor / go out.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
57. It / take / him/ twelve hours / fly / Moscow.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
58. He / learn / English / because / international language.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
59. The news / so / wonderful / they / decide / have a celebration.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
60. Nowadays / our lives / improved / much / progress / science and technology.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
61. Jack London / born / 1876 / Sans Francisco,California.
63. He / learn / English / he / talk / foreigners.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
64. The news / so / good / Hellen / dance / all the way home.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
65. English / speak / all / the world.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
66. We/ be / used / get up / early / do / morning exercises.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
67. If / she / learn / hard / she / pass / English test.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
68. Nobody here / invite / her party / last Sunday.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
69. I / wish / I / meet / her new boyfriend / yesterday.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
70. Coffee / strong / me / drink
………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
UNIT 10: SENTENCE TRANSFORMATION(CHUYỂN ĐỔI CÂU)
1. S + V + -ER…. THAN/MORE … THAN + S + V S + V (NOT) + SO/AS ……. AS + S + V- She plays tennis better than I do.
I don’t play tennis as well as she does.
- Britain isn’t as warm as Greece.
Greece is warmer than Britain.
2. S + V + ADJ/ADV + ENOUGH + (FOR + …) TO + Vo
S + V + SO + ADJ/ADV + THAT + S + V.
S + V + SUCH + (A/AN + N) + THAT + S + V
- The song is simple enough for all of us to sing.
The song is simple that all of us can sing
3. S + V + SO + (ADJ/ADV + THAT/ SUCH A/AN + N) + S + V.
S + V + ADJ/ADV + ENOUGH + (FOR + …) TO + Vo
- He sings so well that I he can become a singer.
He sings well enough to become a singer.
4. S + V + SO + (ADJ/ADV + THAT/ SUCH A/AN + N) + S + V + NOT.
S + V + TOO + ADJ/ADV + (FOR + …) TO + Vo…
- The house was so expensive that my brother couldn’t buy it.
The house was too expensive for my brother to buy it.
5. IT + BE + ADJ + TO Vo…. TO Vo + BE + ADJ.
- It is wonderful to lie on the beach all day.
To lie on the beach all day is wonderful.
6. S + Ved….. + KHOẢNG THỜI GIAN + AGO.
S + HAVE/HAS + V3/ED + FOR + KHOẢNG THỜI GIAN
IT + (BE) + KHOẢNG THỜI GIAN + SINCE + S + Ved/2.
- He started working here three years ago.
He has worked here for 3 years.
It’s three year since he started working here.
7. ACTIVE PASSIVE
The dog bit me yesterday.
I was bitten by the dog yesterday.
8. DIRECT INDIRECT
- “You must wear a tie,” the teacher said.
The teacher told him he had to wear a tie.
9. S + V, OR S + WILL (not) + Vo …
IF S + DON’T/DOESN’T + Vo, S + WILL (not) + Vo ..
You have to go now, or you will be late for school.
If you don’t go now, you will be late for school.
10. SA + VA(HIỆN TẠI ĐƠN-KHẲNG ĐỊNH) BECAUSE + SB + VB (HIỆN TẠI ĐƠN-KHẲNG ĐỊNH)
IF + SB + VB (QUÁ KHỨ ĐƠN-PHỦ ĐỊNH), SA + WOULDN’T + VO
- He studies badly because he is lazy.
If he weren’t lazy, he wouldn’t study badly.
11. SA + VA(QUÁ KHỨ TẠI ĐƠN-KHẲNG ĐỊNH) BECAUSE + SB + VB (QUÁ KHỨ ĐƠN-KHẲNG ĐỊNH)
IF + SB + VB (QUÁ KHỨ HOÀN THÀNH-PHỦ ĐỊNH), SA + WOULDN’T + HAVE + VED/3
- I was late because it rained.
If it hadn’t rained, I wouldn’t have been late.
12. IF + S + V+ NOT… UNLESS + S + V….
- You will be late for dinner if you don’t hurry.
You will be late for dinner unless you hurry.
13. ALTHOUGH
THOUGH + S + V, S + V
EVENTHOUGH
DESPITE / IN SPITE OF + N/VING, S + V
Thouh he was inexperienced, he got a good salary.
Despite his inexperience, he got a good salary.
14. IT + (TAKE) + O + TO Vo
S + (V) + IN + KHOẢNG THỜI GIAN
S + (SPEND) + KHOẢNG THỜI GIAN + Ving
- It took us 2 hours to write the letter.
We wrote the letter in two ours.
We spent two hours writing the letter.
15. SA + VA + not + UNTIL SB + VB
IT + (BE) + NOT UNTIL SB + VB+ THAT + SA + VA
NOT UNTIL Sb + Vb + AUX + Sa + Va.
- Mary couldn’t speak until she was five.
It was not until Mary was five that she could speak.
- They couldn't go on working until the rain stopped.
Not until the rain stopped could they go on working.
16. WHY DON’T YOU + V…? S + SUGGEST THAT + S + (SHOULD) + Vo.
- “Why don’t you buy them this picture as a wedding present, Sarah?” said Robin.
Robin said that Sarah (should) buy them the picture as a wedding present.
17. S + OFTEN/ALWAYS + Ved/2 S + USED TO + Vo ….
- When I was a child, I often played in the rain.
When I was a child, I used to play in the rain.
18. S + BE/GET + ACCUSTOMED TO + Ving
S + BE/GET + USED TO + Ving
- John is accustomed to swimming every day.
John is used to swimming every day.
19. LET’S + Vo WHY DON’T WE + Vo? / HOW ABOUT + Ving?
- Let’s go out tonight?
Why don’t we go out tonight?
How about going out tonight?
20. NOT ONLY ….. BUT ALSO BOTH … AND
- Both oil and coal are irreplaceable natural resources.
Not only oil but also coal is an irreplaceable natural resource.
21. CAN/COULD + V BE ABLE TO + V
- He can swim very well.
He is able to swim very well.
22. S + REGRET + VING ….
S + (WISH) + S + HAD (NOT) + V3.ED
- She regrets telling him the truth.
She wishes that she hadn’t told him the truth.
23. S + (BE) + A/AN + ADJ + N
S + V + ADV.
- He is a good teacher.
He teaches well.
24. S + NO LONGER + Vo/s/es…
S + USED TO + VO ….
- She no long works in this company.
She used to work in this company.
25. S + VED/2 + WHEN + S + VED/2…
S + HAVE/HAS + VED/3 + SINCE + S + VED/2…..
- He was a teacher when he graduated.
He has been a teacher since he graduated.
26. INVERSION WITH NEGATIVE WORDS
- He has never drunk wine before.
Never has he drunk before.
27. S + V, BUT S + V
ALTHOUGH + S + V, S + V.
He tried his best, but he couldn’t win the race.
Although he tried his best, he couldn’t win the race.
28. S + VED/ED + WHEN/THE MOMENT/BEFORE + S + VED
HARDLY + DID + S + Vo WHEN/BEFORE + S + Ved/2
NO SOONER + DID + S + Vo + THAN + S + Ved/2
- It started to rain when he came home.
Hardly did it start to rain when he came home.
No sooner did it start to rain than he came home.
29. S + HAD + Ved/3 WHEN/BEFORE/THE MOMENT + S + Ved/2.
HARDLY + HAD + S + Ved/3 + WHEN/BEFORE + S + Ved/2.
NO SOONER + HAD + S + Ved/3 + THAN + S + Ved/2.
He had eaten breakfast before he went to work.
Hardly had he eaten breakfast before he went to work.
No sooner had he eaten breakfast than he went to work.
30. S1 + V, OR S2 + V
EITHER S1 OR S2 + V
You will go win, or he will win.
Either you or he will win.
31. S1 NOT V, and S2 + NOT + V
NEITHER + S1 NOR + S2 + V
Mary does not like football, and Tom does not, either.
Neither Mary nor Tom likes football.
32. S1 + V, AND S2 + V
NOT ONLY S1 BUT ALSO S2 + V
BOTH S1 AND S2 + V
I drink coffee, and he drinks coffee, too.
Not only I but also he drinks coffee.
Both I and he drink coffee.
EXERCISES
1. The problem is difficult to solve.
It is ………………………………………………………………………………………
2. It is difficult to solve the problem.
It is a …………………………………………………………………………………….
3. We were sorry when we heard your bad news.
We were sorry to ………………………………………………………………………..
4. The coffee was too hot for her to drink.
The coffee was so ……………………………………………………………………….
5. The tea is so cool that the child can drink it.
The tea is cool …………………………………………………………………………..
6. These shoes are too small for my feet.
These shoes are not ……………………………………………………………………..
7. The bag was too heavy for him to carry.
It was such ………………………………………………………………………………
8. She asked someone to paint her room.
She had her ……………………………………………………………………………...
9. Who does this book belong to?
Whose …………………………………………………………………………………...
10. I really want to go out tonight.
I’d rather …………………………………………………………………………….......
11. Although he has a good salary, he is unhappy.
In spite of ………………………………………………………………………………..
12. Because it rained, they were late for school.
Because of ………………………………………………………………………………
13. It they do not water those flowers, they will die.
Unless …………………………………………………………………………………...
14. Mary is not here now.
I wish Mary ……………………………………………………………………………..
15. He doesn’t go to France, so he won’t study French.
If he ……………………………………………………………………………………..
16. I haven’t drunk coffee before.
It is the first time I ………………………………………………………………………
17. I walk to school in 20 minutes.
It takes …………………………………………………………………………………..
18. Mekong River is longer than any other river in Vietnam.
Mekong River is the ……………………………………………………………………
19. Tom is taller than Mary.
Mary is not ………………………………………………………………………………....
20. Ken doesn’t smoke, and I don’t either.
Ken doesn’t smoke, and neither ………………………………………………………...
21. The garage is going to repair the car for us.
We are going to have ……………………………………………………………………
22. My mother cooks better than I do.
I can’t cook ……………………………………………………………………………...
23. My friend can’t swim.
I wish my friend ………………………………………………………………………...
24. You can cook and I can, too.
You can cook and so ……………………………………………………………………
25. “I am busy”, said Mary to me.
Mary told ……………………………………………………………………………….
26. We have studied English for two years.
We began to study English ……………………………………………………………...
27. Nguyen Du wrote “Kieu”.
“Kieu” …………………………………………………………………………………..
28. Jean is both beautiful and intelligent.
Jean is not only …………………………………………………………………………
29. Tom began to work for the company two years ago.
Tom has worked ………………………………………………………………………..
30. It can be done by Peter.
Peter …………………………………………………………………………………….
31. The woman is a famous novelist. She lived here before us.
The woman who ………………………………………………………………………...
32. The man is Mary’s father. John saw him at the concert.
The man whom ………………………………………………………………………….
33. The book is very interesting. I bought it yesterday.
The book which …………………………………………………………………………
34. Mary cleans the floor every day.
The floor ………………………………………………………………………………...
35. Did he write the letter last night?
Was ……………………………………………………………………………………...
36. I will plant some trees in the garden.
Some trees will ………………………………………………………………………….
37. I can’t eat because I am very tired.
I’m too …………………………………………………………………………………..
38. She is ill, so she can’t join in the trip.
If ………………………………………………………………………………………...
39. Jane will be fifteen next week.
It is Jane’s ...……………………………………………………………………………..
40. The train journey from London to Bristol takes two hours.
It is a …………………………………………………………………………………….
41. I started working for the company a year ago.
I’ve been ………………………………………………………………………………...
42. People say that he is a good student.
He is said …………………………………………………………………………….....
43. He wants someone to take photographs.
He wants photographs …………………………………………………………………..
44. Janet is the best tennis-player in the club.
No one in the club is …………………………………………………………………….
45. I feel miserable when it is hot.
The hotter ……………………………………………………………………………….
46. He not only spent all his money, he even borrowed some from me.
Not only …………………………………………………………………………………
47. My father seldom goes to the movies.
Seldom …………………………………………………………………………………
48. She laughed but she did not reply.
She laughed without ……………………………………………………………………
49. The owners of newspapers are usually very rich.
The people who …………………………………………………………………………
50. I would like you to help me to put the chairs away.
Do you mind ……………………………………………………………………………
51. “Don’t tell your brother about this Peter.” Mary said. Peter answered, “ No, I won’t “
Mary asked …………………………………………………………………………………………………
52. We took a two-hour flight to Bangkok.
-It……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
53. They did this test in 120 minutes.
It……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
54. They will import new cars from Japan.
- New ………………………………………………………………………………………………………
55. She has to finish these exercises in one hour.
- These ………………………………………………………………………………………………………
56. The teacher gave a clear explanation of the new lesson.
- The teacher explained ……………………………………………………………………………………
57. He speaks Japanese well.
- He is ………………………………………………………………………………………………………
58. He began researching on Pandas ‘habitat in 2005.
- He has ……………………………………………………………………………………………………
59. They have learnt English for three years.
They began…………………………………………………………………………………………………
60. Helen is the most intelligent student in her class.
- No other students …………………………………………………………………………………………
61. Ho Chi Minh city is the biggest city in Viet Nam.
- No other cities …………………………………………………………………………………………….
62. A Mercedes is more expensive than a Toyota.
- A Toyota isn’t …………………………………………………………………………………………..
63. Tom has more books than Pete.
- Peter doesn’t ……………………………………………………………………………………………….
64. They frequently spent their holiday in Da Lat.
- They used ………………………………………………………………………………………………….
65. We often went fishing when we lived in the countryside.
- We used ……………………………………………………………………………………………………
66. I can’t get success without your help.
- If ………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
67. She arrived at work late because the streets were crowded.
- Because of ……………………………………………………………………………………………….
68. Because of the heavy rain, we couldn’t go camping.
-Because it …………………………………………………………………………………………………..
69. She couldn’t go to work because she was sick.
- Because of ………………………………………………………………………………………………..
70. Though he is busy, he helps me.
- Despite ……………………………………………………………………………………………………
71. In spite of not having enough money, he was able to buy a new bicycle.
- Although …………………………………………………………………………………………………
72. Even though the exercises are difficult, he can do them quickly.
- Despite …………………………………………………………………………………………………..
73. It is said that they made him work too hard.
- It is said that he ………………………………………………………………………………………….
74. It is said that you are very rich.
-You ………………………………………………………………………………………………………
75. People thought that he won a big lottery.
- He ………………………………………………………………………………………………………
76. People believed that the earth was flat.
- The earth ……………………………………………………………………………………………..
77. This resort has more convenient facilities than that one.
- That resort doesn’t …………………………………………………………………………………..
78. He has more money than I do.
- I don’t……………………………….. …………………………………………………………….
79. “Shall we go camping? “
- He suggested ……………………………………………………………………………………………..
80. The tourists wanted us to take a guided tour to Ba Na Hills.
- The tourists would rather ……………………………………………………………………………..
82. Whose are these shoes?
- Who ………………………………………………………………….. ?
82. How old is she?
- What ……………………………………………………………………………………….. ?
83. What is the depth of this river?
- How ………………………………………………………………….?
84. I want my son to study harder.
- I’d rather ………………………………………………………………………………………………….
85. Would you mind not smoking here?
- I’d rather …………………………………………………………………………………………………..
86. I don’t have money. I can’t buy that dictionary.
- If I ………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
87. He is too young to get married.
- He is not …………………………………………………………………………………………………..
88. It is such a difficult test that he can’t do it.
- The test ………………………………………………………………………………………………….
89. The coffee was so hot that he couldn’t drink it.
- It ………………………………………………………………………………………………………
90. The bag is so heavy that the boy can’t carry it.
- The bag is too ………………………………………………………………………………………..
91. The weather is too cold for us to go out.
- The weather is not ……………………………………………………………………………………
92. “I am sorry. I’m late for the meeting.”
- He apologized for ……………………………………………………………………………………
93. “What’s your name? “. He said to me.
-He wanted ……………………………………………………………………………………………..
94. “Is Ba Na resort in Da Nang city? “
The tourist asked me ……………………………………………………………………………………..
95. It is a festival in which people have their bulls fight against each other.
- It is a ……………………………………… ……………………………………………………
96. This part of the sea is too dirty for us to swim .
- This part of the sea is not ……………………………………………………………………………….
97. He said to me: “Have you ever seen a fireworks competition? “ I said, “Yes, I have”
- He asked ……………………………………………………………………………………………….
98. We are pleased with his hard work.
- We are pleased that ……………………………………………………………………………………
99. The plumber will fix the pipes in my house.
-I will …………………………………………………………………………………………………….
100. She asked a tailor to make a new dress.
-She had …………………………………………………………………………………………………
101. I bought a dictionary. I want my son to study better.
- I …………………………. so as ………………………………………………………………………..
102. My elder brother studies hard this year so as to pass the entrance exam to the university.
- My ……………………………………… so that ……………………………………………
103. The United States was presented the Statue of Liberty by France.
- France …………………………………………………………………………………………………….
104. Can I borrow your pen? = Would you ………………………………………………………………..
105. We must type the password to get access to this computer.
- A correct password is needed so …………………………………………………………………………
106. “Are you keen on learning English?”, I said and she answered “Yes “
- I asked ……………………………………………………………………………………………………
LIST OF COMMONLY USED IRREGULAR VERBS
No. Base Form Past Form Past Participle Vietnamese meaning1. be was/were been2. beat beat beaten3. become became become4. begin began begun5. bet bet bet6. bite bit bitten, bit7. bleed bled bled8. blow blew blown9. break broke broken10. bring brought brought11. build built built12. buy bought bought13. cast cast cast14. catch caught caught15. choose chose chosen16. come came come17. cost cost cost18. deal dealt dealt19. dig dug dug20. do did done21. draw drew drawn22. drink drank drunk23. drive drove driven24. eat ate eaten25. fall fell fallen26. feed fed fed27. feel felt felt28. fight fought fought29. find found found30. fly flew flown31. forbid forbade forbidden32. forget forgot fogot33. freeze froze frozen34. give gave given35. go went gone36. grind ground ground37. grow grew grown38. have had had39. hear heard heard40. hide hid hidden41. hit hit hit42. hold held held43. hurt hurt hurt44. keep kept kept45. know knew known46. lay laid laid47. leave left left48. lend lent lent49. let let let
50. light lit lit51. lose lost lost52. make made made53. mean meant meant54. meet met met55. pay paid paid56. put put put57. read read read58. ride rode ridden59. ring rang rung60. rise rose risen61. run ran run62. say said said63. see saw seen64. sell sold sold65. send sent sent66. set set set67. shoot shot shot68. show showed shown69. sing sang sung70. sink sank, sunk sunk71. sit sat sat72. sleep slept slept73. speak spoke spoken74. stand stood stood75. steal stole stolen76. sting stung stung77. strike struck struck78. swim swam swum79. take took taken80. teach taught taught81. tell told told82. think thought thought83. throw threw thrown84. understand understood understood85. wake woke woken86. wear wore worn87. win won won88. write wrote written
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