On your terms: Terminology management defines the success ...

From the SelectedWorks of Uwe Muegge

2010

On your terms: Terminology management definesthe success of international product launchesUwe Muegge, Monterey Institute of International StudiesZachary Overline

Available at: https://works.bepress.com/uwe_muegge/10/

https://works.bepress.com/uwe_muegge/

https://works.bepress.com/uwe_muegge/10/

On Your TermsTerminology Management Defines the Success

of International Product Launches

• TerminologyManagementataGlance

• FiveReasonsWhyYouShouldManageTerminology

• SupplementingTranslationMemory

• TheRisksofaPoorlyMaintainedTermbase

• TheSnowballEffect

• InternationalStandardsforTerminologyManagement

• TwoTraditionalApproaches

• TheNewApproach

•AbouttheAuthor

Whetheryou’redealingwithproductsorservices,effectiveterminologymanagementmakesthedifferencebetweenthelong-termsuccessandfailureofproductsreleasedtooverseasmarkets.

Copyright©2010byCSOFTInternational,Inc.

Terminology Management

Terminology Management at a Glance

Terminologymanagementistheprocessofsystematicallydeveloping,

collecting,maintainingandpresentingwordsthathavespecialmeaning

andapplicationinagivensubjectfield.Theemphasishereisontheword

systematically,becausethegoalofterminologymanagementistoactual-

izeasystemthatensuresthatthewordsmostcloselyassociatedwitha

givenorganization’sproducts,services,andbrandingareusedconsistently

acrosstheboard.

Whenappliedtoenterprise-levellocalization,consistencycomprisesa

reconciliationofterminologybetweendepartments,inadditiontoastan-

dardizationoftermsacrossalldocumentsandlanguages.Dependingon

thesizeofanorganization,effectiveterminologymanagementcanbea

monumentaltask.Nevertheless,attainingterminologicalconsistencyhas

clearbenefitsforcompaniesengagingininternationalproductlaunches.

Theorganizeddispersalofclearlydefinedterminologyhasproventosave

timeandmoney,aswellasimprovetheoveralluniformityofbrand

experience.

Thefollowingisahigh-leveloverviewoftheterminologymanagement

process.

IdentifyTerms DevelopEntries

ReviewGlossary MaintainTerms

1


First,anorganizationneedstoidentifythewordsthatareimportantenoughtobeused

consistentlywithinandacrossdocuments.Thisisnosmalltask.Ifanorganizationalreadyhas

ateamofterminologystakeholders(e.g.,representativesfromproductdevelopment,technical

communications,marketingcommunications,andlegalservices)inplace,theirjobisto

collaborativelydecideonterminologybeforedevelopmentandauthoringbegins.The

challengehereis,firstandforemost,togeteveryoneinthesameroom.Inthecaseofa

mid-to-largesizedinternationalcompany,thesestakeholdersmightnotbeinthesame

location,noreveninthesametimezone.Onceeveryonehascometogether,thesecondc

hallengeistoreachaconsensusonterminologyamongvastlydiverginginterests.

Fororganizationsthathavenotyetinstitutedacircleofterminologymanagers,buthave

recognizedtheimportanceofcontrolledmultilingualcontent(whichisthemostcommon

scenariointhebusinessworldtoday),theyhavetotakeamorepost-hocapproachtotermi-

nologymanagement.Thisusuallyinvolvesthecolossaltaskofaccumulatingawidevariety

ofrelevantdocuments(includingspecifications,softwarehelpmenus,manuals,marketing

collateral,etc.)andscrutinizingthemforkeyterminology.Owingtothesheervolumeoflegacy

contentthattheaveragecompanyisdealingwith,thisprocessisusuallyfacilitatedwithtools

thatautomaticallyextractreoccurringterms,whicharethenindividuallyanalyzedand

preparedforfurtherdevelopment.

Onceanorganizationhasidentifiedthetermsthatshouldbeincludedintheirglossary,the

nextstepistodeterminehowmuchsupportinginformationisneeded.Thereismuchdebate

amongterminologistsoverwhetherornotitmakesgoodbusinesssensetocollectanyinfor-

mationbeyondasimplelistofterms.Forexample,theInternationalOrganizationforStan-

dardization’s(ISO)terminologystandard12620specifiesalmost200possibledatacategories

forasingleterminologicalentry,andyetISO12616listsonlythreeofthoseasmandatory,

i.e.,term,source,anddate.Generallyspeaking,themostpracticalsolutionformostorganiza-

tionsistoproduceadatamodelthatinvolveslessthantwodozendatacategoriesthatare

specificallycateredtotheirparticularterminologymanagementneeds.Aftercomingupwitha

suitabledatamodel,acompanyneedstothenpopulatetheirterminologyentries.

2

Identification of Key Terms

Development of Entries


Theimportanceofcommissioningsubjectmatterexpertstoevaluatemonolingualand

multilingualterminologycollectionspriortotheirpublicationisoftheutmostimportance.Asde

factowarehousesofcorporateknowledge,glossariesandtermbasesarenormativedocu-

mentsthatareideallyembeddedthroughouttheentireproductdevelopmentchain.Ifproperly

puttouse,theyareemployedbyalldepartmentsandcommunicatorswithinanorganization.

Thisincludesvendorsofcommunicationservices,suchasPR,marketing,advertisingand

translationagencies.Becauseofthis,itisimperativethatanexpert—whoisintimatelyfamiliar

withboththeorganizationitselfandthedomainscoveredbytheterminological

collection—signsoffoneachentry.

Tothisend,itiscommontoemployareviewerwhofocusesontheaccuracyofdefinitionsand,

basedontherequirementsoftheorganizationsponsoringtheterminologyproject,decides

whichtermsshouldbeused(preferredterms)andwhichtermsshouldbeavoided(deprecated

terms).Thesamereviewprocessshouldalsoberepeatedforeachtargetlanguageina

multilingualglossary.Areviewerwithsubjectmatterexpertise,wholivesandworksinthe

countrywherethetargetlanguageisspoken,shouldscrutinizeeachtermentryandits

translationforculturalandlinguisticaccuracy.

Theonlyconstantinbusinessischange,andthisadageisespeciallytrueofterminologyman-

agement.Asbothtechnologyandlanguageareconstantlyevolving,soshouldglossariesand

termbases.Inordertoprovideinternalandexternalteamsalikewiththemostrelevantand

up-to-dateterminology,organizationsmustcontinuouslyexpandtheirterminologyrepositories

withnewandemergingterms.Beyondthat,existingtermsmustalsobeevaluatedforvalidity

onaregularbasis.Thedevelopmentandcontinuousmanagementoftermbasesisanongoing

processtowhichcompaniesmustsystematicallyattendinordertomaximizethereuseofcon-

tent,minimizeterminologicaldiscrepanciesbetweendocuments,andunifythepresentationof

theirproductsandservicesintheglobalmarket.

DefinitionsInterestinglyenough,definitionsareanoptionaldatacategoryinallmajorterminol-

ogystandards.Granted,writingdefinitionscaneasilybethemosttime-consuming

andcostlystepintheterminologydevelopmentprocess.Nevertheless,termdefini-

tionsremaintobethemostvaluablepartofanentry,especiallyifanorganization

employsitstermbaseasarepositoryforcompanyknowledge,whichmanydo.It’s

thedefinition,afterall,thathelpsanengineerpickthecorrecttermfromarangeof

options,andit’sthedefinitionthatenablesanewemployeetobetterunderstandan

unfamiliarconcept.

3

Review and Approval of Glossaries and Termbases

Terminology Maintenance


Five Reasons Why You Should Manage Terminology

Havingacomprehensive,project-specifictermbaseavailableattheoutset

ofaprojectfreesdevelopersandwritersfromthetedioustaskofresearch-

ingtermsontheirown.Thisnotonlysavestime,butitreducestheriskof

multiplecommunicatorsaccidentallycoiningdifferenttermsforthesame

feature.Effectiveterminologymanagementcancurbthisrisk.Withacol-

lectionofapprovedterminologyorganizedinacentrallocation,developers,

writers,editors,reviewersandtranslatorscanincreasethespeed—and

thus,volume—oftheiroutput.

This reduces time-to-market.

Anycommunicationaimedatinformingconsumersmustbeconsistentin

thenamingoffeaturesandfunctionstomaximizetheusabilityofaproduct

orservice.Thechallengeistomaintainterminologicalconsistencynotonly

withinagivendocumentbutalsoacrossalldocuments,documenttypes,

andevenlanguages.Forexample,thetermusedforamenuiteminasoft-

wareapplicationmustappearthesameonallscreens,aswellasonevery

pageintheonlinehelpsystemandallpages

intheusermanualthatdealwiththatparticularfunction.Ifthereareany

inconsistencies,usersmightgetfrustratedandconfused,resultinginother-

wiseunnecessary—andcostly—callstosupportcenters.

This reduces post-sales support.

The Benefits

4

Streamlined Authoring and Editing

Coherent Documentation


Terminologymanagementenablesorganizationsofanysizetousethesametermsconsistently

withinandacrossthedifferenttypesofcommunicationthataccompanyaproductorservice.

Typicalcommunicationtypesincludespecifications,drawings,userinterfaces,softwarestrings,

helpsystems,technicaldocumentation,marketingmaterials,anddocumentsforregulatorysub-

mission,etc.Asmultipleauthorstypicallycontributetotheseformsofwrittencommunication,

terminologymanagementisthemostefficientsolutionforensuringthatanentireorganization

speakswithonevoice.

This improves brand image.

Twocardinaltranslationstandards,ASTMF2575andCENEN15038,describethecreation

ofproject-specific,multilingualtermbasesasanindustrybestpractice.Linguistswhomaintain

glossariesinExcelspreadsheets,Wordtables,orPDFdocumentshavetointerruptthetransla-

tionprocessandperformanactivesearcheachtimetheycomeacrossanunknownterm.Inad-

dition,theoutcomeofthatsearchisuncertain,asthetranslatortypicallydoesnotknowwhether

theunknowntermisactuallyincludedintheglossaryornot.Thetranslatoralsohasnoefficient

wayofdistinguishingoldtermsfromnewterms,ordeprecatedtermsfrompreferredones,etc.

Justaspost-hocreactionstoterminologymanagementarecostlyandtime-consuming,correct-

inginconsistenciesandtranslationerrorspost-publicationcanbefinanciallydetrimentaltoa

companyonatightbudget.Terminology-relatedinconsistenciesoftengoundetectedincom-

plicated,large,ortime-sensitiveprojects,whichcancauseconfusionfortheconsumer,aswell

asunnecessarydelays,non-compliance,andexpensiverevisionsinordertoattainterminologi-

calharmony.Maintainingacomprehensiveglossarybeforeprojectkickoffthereforeenablesa

companytocontroltranslationatthesource,givingrisetotextualfidelity,andenablinglinguists

totranslateeventhemostterminologicallychallengingtextswithoutinterruption.

This saves money.

Justaspost-hocreactionstoterminologymanagementarecostlyandtime-consuming,correct-

inginconsistenciesandtranslationerrorspost-publicationcanbefinanciallydetrimentaltoa

companyonatightbudget.Terminology-relatedinconsistenciesoftengoundetectedincom-

plicated,large,ortime-sensitiveprojects,whichcancauseconfusionfortheconsumer,aswell

asunnecessarydelays,non-compliance,andexpensiverevisionsinordertoattainterminologi-

calharmony.Maintainingacomprehensiveglossarybeforeprojectkickoffthereforeenablesa

companytocontroltranslationatthesource,givingrisetotextualfidelity,andenablinglinguists

totranslateeventhemostterminologicallychallengingtextswithoutinterruption.

This improves quality.

5

Consistent Corporate Communication

Faithfulness to the Source

Dispersible Intellectual Assets


Supplementing Translation Memory

Manylanguageserviceprovidersuseatranslationmemorysystemfor

storingandreusingtranslations.Whileitistruethatatranslationmemory

makesitpossibletoretrievetranslatedsentencesinadditiontosub-sen-

tentialelements,suchasterminology,theconcordancefeaturesgenerally

presentintranslationmemorysystemsarenosubstituteforcreatinga

termbase.

And this is why:

Translationmemorytoolsquerybothtranslationmemoriesandtermbases

duringtheanalysisofatext.Whenamaturetermbaseisintegratedinto

atranslationmemoryenvironment,ifthesourcesentenceinquestion

containsanytermsthatarepresentinthetermbase,theseterms(andtheir

translationsaswell)areautomaticallypresentedtothetranslator.Inother

words,thetranslatordoesn’thavetoliftafingerinordertofindappropri-

ate,up-to-datetranslationsforeverycriticaltermstoredinthetermbase,as

dictionarylookupfunctionsaretypicallyautomatic.

Incontrast,theconcordancefunctionsintranslationmemorysystemsare

manuallookuptoolsthatenabletranslatorstosearchtranslationmemo-

riesforlinguisticmatchesonthesub-segment(thatis,phrase,compound,

orword)level.Astranslationmemorysystemscustomarilyoperateona

phraseorsentencelevel,itiscommonfortranslatorstoencountertermsin

asourcesentenceforwhichthereisnodirectmatchintranslationmemory

provided.

Translation Memory

6


Whenatranslationmemorytooldoesnotautomaticallyreturnamatch,translatorscanonly

selectpartofthesourcesentence,e.g.,asinglewordorterm,andmanuallysearchthe

translationmemoryonthismoregranularlevel.Withanyluck,thetranslationmemorytoolwill

returnsegmentsthatcontaintheterminquestion,atwhichpointtranslatorshavetoidentify

thematchingterminthetargetsegmentandtranslateaccordingly.Theconcordancesearch

asdescribedaboveisproblematicforthreereasons.

Itisimportanttokeepinmindthattheaboveexplanationdescribesthebestcasescenario

inwhichalltermshavealreadybeentranslated.Fornewterminology,translationmemorysys-

temsprovidenohelpwhatsoever,whichputstheconsistencyofanorganization’sterminology

acrossdocumentsandlanguagesatrisk.

Intheabsenceofatermbase,translationmemoriestypicallycontainsynonyms,i.e.,

multipletranslations,abbreviatedformsandvariantsofthesameterm,makingitvery

difficult—ifnotimpossible—forteamsoftranslationprofessionalstoconsistentlypick

thesametranslatedterm.

Translationproductivitysignificantlydecreaseswhenperformingconcordancesearch-

es.Whiledictionarylookupisautomatic(asmentionedabove),concordancesearches

aremanualbynecessity.

Concordancesearchesmayreturnmanyhits(unlikeadictionarylookup,wherein

searchesgenerallyonlyreturnasingledictionaryentry),whichrequiremoretimespent

onanalysisandselection.

7


8

Whileit’scertainlytruethatmanagingterminologycostsmoney,notmanagingterminology

cancostsubstantiallymore.Considerthissimplefact:Withproject-specificglossariesin

place,allprojectstakeholders,includingdevelopers,writers,andtranslators,utilizeonlyterms

thathavemetwithformalapprovalintheirvariousmediumsofcommunication.Compliance

withthecorporatelexiconcanthenbecheckedwithautomatedconsistencytools.Without

glossaries,aproduct—andeverydocumentassociatedwithit—mustbecheckedmanually

forconsistencywithallotherdocuments.Owingtothecomplexityofthetask,thereisagood

chancethatnoteveryinconsistencywillbediscovered—afterall,unlessasuper-multilingual

someoneishiredexpresslytoreadalldocumentsinvolvedinthelaunchofaproductorser-

vice,it’srarethatanyonepersonhasthebandwidthorexpertisetocatchallinconsistencies.

Intheoffchancethatallinconsistenciesareidentified,fixingthemafterthefactisanexpen-

siveundertakingthatcaninvolvere-printing,re-publishing,re-distributionandevenproduct

recalls.

Theout-of-budgetcostofcorrectinginconsistenciesacrossexistingdocumentsisperhaps

theleastofanorganization’sworries.Muchworseareinstancesinwhichalaunchhastobe

postponedbecauseofdelayscausedbycriticallyinconsistentterminology.It’snotuncommon

foraproductlaunchinamajorinternationalmarkettobedelayedformonthsonendasa

resultoftranslationandterminologyissues.Thesekindofdelayscaneasilyresultintheloss

ofmillionsofdollarsofrevenue.

Lost Revenue


Astudyconductedintheautomobileindustryindicatesthatachangeinterminologyatthemain-tenancestageis200timesmoreexpensivethanchangesincorporatedattheproductdatastage.

The Snowball EffectRising Costs

9

Effectiveterminologymanagementstartslongbeforeanywritingactuallybegins.

Ideally,anorganization’sterminologymanagementteamshouldhavealready

decidedonthenewtermsthatwilldepictthefeaturesandfunctionsoftheir

latestforeign-boundproductinasearlyasthespecificationstageofdevelop-

ment,.Beginningtomanageterminologyatanypointbeyondthespecification

stage—forexample,byextractingtermsfromexistingdocumentsandapplying

themafter-the-fact—will,bynecessity,requiresignificantchangestoallrelated

documentation.Suchchangesareinevitablyexpensiveandtime-consuming:A

studyconductedintheautomobileindustryindicatesthatachangeinterminology

atthemaintenancestage,i.e.,afterpublication,is200timesmoreexpensivethan

changesimplementedattheproductdata,orspecificationstage.

This200-foldincreaseincostonlyappliestoonelanguage.Ifyourorganization

localizesintosay,50differentlanguages,thenmultiplyingcostsbyafactorof

200mustbeappliedtoeverysinglelanguage.Thisincludesthecostofreprint-

ingmaterial,updatingwebsites,potentialfineslevied,etc.,thenecessityofwhich

allstemsfromterminologicalinconsistencyatthesourcelevel.It’satrue-to-form

exampleofthesnowballeffect.

TheRisingCostofTerminology-RelatedChangesatDifferentStagesintheProductLifecycle.

It is 200 times more expensive to implement terminology-related changes at the maintenance stage, as opposed to the specification stage of a product’s lifecycle.

International Standards for Terminology Management

TheInternationalOrganizationforStandardization(ISO)hascreatedanumber

ofstandardsthatoutlinerecognizedbestpracticesinterminologymanagement.

Someofthemorerelevantstandardsinclude:

Also,manynationalstandardizationbodies,aswellasgovernmentalandnon-

governmentalorganizations,publishextensive,domain-specificglossariesthat

canhelpkick-startyourorganization’sterminologymanagementstrategy.

International Standards

10

ISO 704:2009TerminologyWork–PrinciplesandMethods

This38-pagedocumentisanexcellentintroductorytexttoterminologymanagement,includingdetailedguidelinesforwritingdefinitions.

ISO 1087-1:2000TerminologyWork–VocabularyPart1:TheoryandApplication

Thisisanotheroverviewtextthatdescribesthema-jor,high-levelconceptsbehindterminologymanagement.

ISO 12616:2002Translation–OrientedTerminography

Thisdocumentprovidesawealthofinformationonmanagingterminology,withafocusonintegrationwithtranslationenvironments.

ISO 12620:2009ComputerApplicationsinTerminology–DataCategories

Thisdocumentspecifiesthedatacategoriesthatshouldbeemployedtoensureeasydataexchangebetweensystemsthatstoreandprocessterminology.



Five Reasons Why You Should Manage Terminology

Traditional Approaches

Anumberoflarge,internationalorganizationshavedevelopedtheirown

sophisticatedinternalmethodsofmanagingterminology.Medtronicisaprime

exampleofahighlysuccessfulenterpriseintheLifeSciencesindustrythat

hasspentwelloveramilliondollarsonterminologymanagement.Theyhave

hireddedicatedterminologists,developedcustomterminologymanagement

software,andtranslateterminologyinternallytofacilitatetheiroveralllocaliza-

tionefforts.Formulti-national,multibillion-dollarorganizationsthathavean

establishedsetoflocalresourcesineverymarketthattheyserve,thismodel

makesperfectsense.

Thetraditionalin-house

terminologymanagement

modelisaself-sufficient

infrastructureofresources

thatisnotnecessarilycost-

effectiveforanybutthe

largestofcorporations.

11

The In-House Model


Fororganizationswhoseglobalizationeffortsarestillinamorenascentstage,itmakessense

toalignthemselveswithatrustedlanguageserviceproviderthatcanassistthemintheimple-

mentationofmoreinvolvedterminology-relatedtasks.Inanoutsourcedscenario,theorgani-

zationsponsoringaterminologymanagementprojectneedstoprovidetwosetsofresources:

In the development stages of a glossary: Theorganizationneedstomakeitssubjectmatterexpertsavailabletotheirlocalizationpart-

nerfortaskssuchastherankingofsynonyms(e.g.,preferred,admitted,deprecated,etc.)and

thewritingandreviewingdefinitions.

After the glossary is complete: Theorganizationneedstoprovideameansfordispersingterminologicalinformationtoall

stakeholders—typicallyasearchablesiteontheircompanyintranet.

Asidefromselectingtherightlocalizationpartner,therearefivefactorsthathaveaprofound

effectonthesuccessofanoutsourcedterminologymanagementproject.

Five Factors

Strategy�Terminologymanagement

mustbeintegratedintothe

overalllaunchplan.

AllocationSubject-matterexpertsmust

beavailableduringkeyphases.

DispersalFinishedglossariesmustbe

effectivelydisseminatedtoall

stakeholdersinaprojectlaunch.

TimingTerminologydevelopment

effortsmustbeinitiatedatthe

earliestpossibletime.

SelectionOrganizationsmustalign

themselveswithLSPsthatare

experiencedinterminologyman-

agement.

12

The Outsourcing Model


The New Approach to Terminology Management

TermWiki

Whetheryourorganizationemploysanin-houseoroutsourcedmethodof

terminologymanagement,thelogisticsbehindmaintainingtightcontrolover

theconsistencyofmono-andmultilingualcontentcanbemessy,depend-

ingonthesizeofyourorganizationandthecomplexityofyourlocalization

projects.

Determiningthescopeofyourterminologymanagementefforts,creating

andreviewingglossaries,collaboratingonthedevelopmentofterminologi-

calentries,andapplyingtheresultstoyourproductionworkflowasawhole,

cancollectivelybecomeamonumentalundertaking.Tothis,addthefact

thatmostpeopleinvolvedintheterminologymanagementprocessare

generallynotinthesameoffice,nordotheyhavethetimetofrequently

conveneinacentralizedlocationtoexecutethetasksathand.

TermWikiisarobustterminologymanagementsystemthatcanassistyouin

takingamoreorganized,powerfulapproachtothedevelopmentandongo-

ingmanagementofyourcorporateglossary.Itisthelocalizationindustry’s

firstcompletelymultilingual,wiki-basedonlineterminologymanagement

systemthatoperatesonanopenly-editable,collaborativemodel.

13

There are tools that can help.


TermWikirevitalizesthetraditional,off-the-shelfapproachtoterminologymanagementbyal-

lowingyoutoefficientlydevelop,manageandtranslateterminologyinastructuredcollabora-

tiveenvironment.Itsimplifiesthetraditionalapproachtoterminologymanagementintothree

practicalsteps:

Collaborate

TermWiki is a centralized portal in which termi-

nologists, product managers, technical writers,

translators, and reviewers alike can gather

remotely and cooperate on the development and

maintenance of termbases in real time. In the

event that disputes arise regarding the validity

of a particular term or definition, Termwiki

is designed to host and facilitate a structured

discussion to resolve all consistency and

translation issues.

Develop

TermWiki can be tailored to automatically import

and export existing termbases, and it also provides

standardized forms for the convenient creation of

new multilingual content. By nature of its carefully

chosen group of dynamic data categories, TermWiki

facilitates the consistency and ISO-compliance of

old and new terms alike, thus establishing a platform

that enables your corporate glossary to mature with

use and become increasingly tailored to your unique

workflow and organizational needs.

Control

With definable notification functions, automatic history tracking, and robust user profile management features,

TermWiki grants you complete control over who sees what content, and how they can interact with it.

Regain Control—On Your Terms.

14


Definitions

Terminology Management

collectionofwordsthathavespecialmeaninginaproject

wordthathasthesamemeaningasanotherword

wordthathasaspecialmeaninginagivensubjectfield

databasethatcontainsacollectionofwordsthathavespecialmeaningina

givensubjectfield

collectionofwordsthathavespecialmeaninginagivensubjectfield

softwareapplicationthatenablesuserstoefficientlycollect,process,and

presentterminology

softwareapplicationthatenablestranslatorstoreuseprevioustranslations

storedinatranslationrepository

15

glossary

synonym

term

termbase

terminology

terminology management system

translation memory system


About CSOFT

CSOFTInternationalisaleadingproviderofmultilinguallocalization,test-

ingandsoftwaredevelopmentservicesfortheworldwidemarket.Powered

byourexpertin-countrylinguisticresources,CSOFTdeliversmultilingual

translationandtechnologicalsolutionsintomorethan90languages.

CSOFTservicesanumberoftheworld’stopFortune500companies,

andavarietyofmultinationalenterprisesacrossallindustries,including

InformationTechnology,Manufacturing,LifeSciences,FinancialServices,

ChemicalandEnergy.Employingindustrybestpracticesandprocesses,

CSOFTstreamlinesthetranslationandlocalizationprocessesforsoftware,

productmanuals,onlinehelp,marketingcollateralandwebsitecontent,

anddeliversmultilingualpublishinginallpopularformats.

For more information on CSOFT, please visit www.csoftintl.com

For more information on TermWiki, check out www.csoftintl.com/termwiki

UweMueggeisadirectoratCSOFTwithmorethan

15yearsofexperienceinthetranslationandlocaliza-

tionindustry.BeforejoiningCSOFT,heservedasthe

CorporateTerminologistatMedtronic,theworld’slarg-

estmanufacturerofmedicaldevicesandtechnology.

Uweiscurrentlyamemberofthetechnicalcommittee

forterminologyattheInternationalOrganizationfor

Standardization(ISO)andteachesgraduatecourses

inTerminologyManagementattheMontereyInstitute.

Uwecanbereachedat+1(952)955-7708,orviae-mail:[email protected].

About CSOFT

16

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