Second Quarter Safety

Training

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• Discuss 4 basic turning rules:Discuss 4 basic turning rules:Discuss 4 basic turning rules:Discuss 4 basic turning rules:

• Safe driving guide lines:Safe driving guide lines:Safe driving guide lines:Safe driving guide lines:

• Distracted Driving, Cause and Effect of outside influencesDistracted Driving, Cause and Effect of outside influencesDistracted Driving, Cause and Effect of outside influencesDistracted Driving, Cause and Effect of outside influences

Corning Techniques

• There are four basic turning rules. These turning rules should be followed by professional drivers.

- know the vehicle;

- plan in advance;

- allow for off-tracking; and

- watch your mirrors. Notes:

• Content: Off-tracking is a basic concept all drivers need to understand in order to successfully complete turns. It is something that happens to all vehicles with more than one set of wheels. Put simply, the term means the rear wheels don't follow the same track as the front set when moving through a turn or curve. They follow a shorter path.

Corning Techniques

• There are three factors that determine the likelihood of off-tracking in a tractor-trailer unit:- distance between the kingpin and rear trailer wheels (the greater the

distance between the kingpin and rear trailer wheels, the more off tracking occurs);

• the amount of sideways drag of the rear tires (the more sideways drag, the greater the off tracking); and

• the speed of the vehicle (at highway speed there's less off-tracking).

•

Corning Techniques

• Right Hand TurnsRight Hand TurnsRight Hand TurnsRight Hand Turns: Good judgment, proper speed control, and accurate steering are all important in executing safe right turns.

• When approaching an intersection the driver needs to adjust the vehicle's speed. The sharper the turn the slower the vehicle should be moving. This allows the driver to use all available space.

• The driver should shift into the correct gear before the turn and complete the turn in the same gear. This allows the driver to keep both hands on the wheel during the turn.

• During the turn, the driver needs to watch the vehicle's right and left mirrors for the position of the trailer wheels. He/she should also watch for vehicles

Corning Techniques

• One thing to keep in mind is that a semi-trailer must pull further into the intersection than a smaller vehicle in order to avoid hitting the curb. One basic rule of thumb is to get about 1/2 of the rig past the corner before beginning the turn. Once the vehicle has reached that point, the driver should turn the steering wheel to the right and complete the turn. He/she should accelerate slightly to smooth out the turn.

Corning Techniques • Immediately after the turn is complete, the driver should turn the

steering wheel back to straighten out the wheels.

• The following are some of the most common errors made when executing a right turn:

� not sizing up the corner properly;

� approaching the intersection too fast;

� forgetting to gear down;

� shifting gears while turning;

� forgetting to allow for off tracking; and

� not watching the right mirror before, during, and after the turn.

•

Corning Techniques

• Left Hand Turns: Left Hand Turns: Left Hand Turns: Left Hand Turns: As with a right turn, the driver needs to reduce vehicle speed when approaching the intersection.

• The driver should shift into the correct gear and keep his/her wheels straight before starting the turn. As with the right turn, the driver will want to complete the turn in the same gear.

• When executing the turn, the driver must turn from as far right as possible to allow plenty of room for the tractor. If the driver turns too soon or too tightly, off tracking may cause the left side of the vehicle to hit another vehicle.

• The driver should be watching his/her mirrors before, during, and after the turn. He/she also needs to turn the steering wheel back to the right immediately upon completion of the turn.

Corning Techniques

• The following are some of the most common errors made when executing a left turn:

� not sizing up the corner properly;

� approaching the intersection too fast;

� forgetting to gear down;

� shifting gears while turning;

� forgetting to allow for off tracking; and

� not watching the mirrors before, during, and after the turn.

Corning Techniques • Negotiating Curves: Negotiating Curves: Negotiating Curves: Negotiating Curves: Though similar to a turn, negotiating a curve

has its own skills that must be addressed.

• When going around a curve, a vehicle will naturally want to continue in the direction it was originally going. This tendency is called centrifugal force. Centrifugal force increases with the sharpness of the curve and vehicle speed.

• To help reduce centrifugal force, all curves should be taken at a reduced speed. How much a driver should slow down on a curve depends on the following four conditions:

• the sharpness of the curve;

• the condition of the road;

• weather conditions; and visibility.

Corning Techniques

• When entering a curve, a driver should start with a slower speed and accelerate slightly when moving into it. He/she should also avoid braking in order to maintain good control.

• One thing drivers should always keep in mind is that a truck can't take a curve as fast as a car. This is due to a higher center of gravity and limited suspension. A truck driver should always approach a curve at a slower speed than what is posted. The posted speed is intended for cars.

• Taking a curve too fast can lead to a rollover. There are two factors (besides speed) that can contribute to a rollover, center of gravity and load stability.

Corning Techniques

• Center of gravity. The greater the load weight, the higher the center of gravity.

• Load stability. Certain types of cargo (liquid tankers, livestock, etc.) can present stability problems.

• Positioning on a curve is also important. Positioning depends on the type of curve the driver will be negotiating.

• Right curve. The front of the rig needs to stay in the center of the road (without crossing the center line) or the wheels may leave the pavement.

• Left curve. The power unit should be positioned as close to the outer edge of the road as possible or the trailer may cross the center line.

Safe Driving Guidelines

• JBS Carriers requires its drivers to comply at all times with all federal, state, and local regulations. In addition, JBS Carriers requires its drivers to operate equipment in a safe, prudent, and professional manner at all times.

• Safety is the top priority at JBS Carriers. This is to protect our drivers and the motoring public.

• Defensive driving is to always drive prepared to take any action needed to avoid a collision, with proper regard of the conditions existing at that time and place. The basic concepts of safe driving aren’t complicated and are an absolutely necessity to follow at all times that you are driving.

Safe Driving Guidelines

1. Always Always Always Always stay at or below the posted speed limit.stay at or below the posted speed limit.stay at or below the posted speed limit.stay at or below the posted speed limit.― Read the speed limit signs and obey

― If traffic, road, or weather conditions deteriorate, slow down.

― When exiting roadways or entering curves, slow down to well below the posted speed limit.

― Maintain awareness of speed limits at all times

― Stay in control of your speed at all times

― In extreme weather events, slow down even more

― Avoid making lane changes, if at all possible

― Lane change accidents, or side-swipes, are the second most frequent type of accidents in the transportation industry.

― If you will be exiting shortly, don’t pass. This will avoid 2 lane changes.

― If visibility is limited, by fog, rain, dust storm, wind-blown snow, darkness, or any other cause, slow down.

Safe Driving Guidelines2. Keep a safe following distance.2. Keep a safe following distance.2. Keep a safe following distance.2. Keep a safe following distance.

― Stay 8 seconds behind the vehicle in front of you, at all times at highway speeds.

― This will give you more time to see, recognize, and react to driving conditions.

― Keeping 8 seconds behind creates a “Safe Space” in front of your vehicle.

― If a vehicle enters this “Safe Space”, thus reducing your safe following distance, slow down and regain your proper distance.

― When weather conditions develop, leave extra room

3. Stay constantly aware of your surroundings. 3. Stay constantly aware of your surroundings. 3. Stay constantly aware of your surroundings. 3. Stay constantly aware of your surroundings.

― Look far ahead of your vehicle. Know what is happening a long way up the road.

― Keep track of the traffic all around your vehicle, all the time.

― Know if the lane beside you is clear or not.

― Check the mirrors on both sides of your vehicle on a constant basis.

Safe Driving Guidelines

3. Stay constantly aware of your surroundings. (cont.) 3. Stay constantly aware of your surroundings. (cont.) 3. Stay constantly aware of your surroundings. (cont.) 3. Stay constantly aware of your surroundings. (cont.)

― Be aware of traffic overtaking you, or about to pass your vehicle.

― This will help you to keep a way out of “Squeeze Plays”, or being trapped.

4. Avoid 4. Avoid 4. Avoid 4. Avoid making lane changes, if at all possiblemaking lane changes, if at all possiblemaking lane changes, if at all possiblemaking lane changes, if at all possible

― Lane change accidents, or side-swipes, are the second most frequent type of accidents in the transportation industry.

― If you will be exiting shortly, don’t pass. This will avoid 2 lane changes.

― In extreme weather conditions, think twice about whether a lane change is a good idea, or not

― If you do change lanes, do so gradually, carefully, using signals ahead of time, and with plenty of room

Safe Driving Guidelines5. Intersections:5. Intersections:5. Intersections:5. Intersections:

― Stop at, or before, stop signs and red lights.

― If there is a white line painted across the lane at an intersection, stop at, or before, this point. This is called a “Stop LineStop LineStop LineStop Line”.

― If visibility is limited from this stopping point, then pull slowly forward, until you can see the traffic conditions.

― Ensure that when you begin to move forward that you do not roll back.

― Do not enter an intersection if there is no clear way out the other side.

― StraightStraightStraightStraight, leftleftleftleft, or rightrightrightright, the same rule applies.

― If there is not enough room to get your entireentireentireentire vehicle across, do not enter.

― If a traffic light turns from green to yellow, stopstopstopstop, if you safely can.

― Yellow does notnotnotnot mean hurry up.

― Watch for “Stale Green”“Stale Green”“Stale Green”“Stale Green” lights and anticipate the light changing to yellow.

Safe Driving Guidelines

6. Know 6. Know 6. Know 6. Know where you are and where you are goingwhere you are and where you are goingwhere you are and where you are goingwhere you are and where you are going

― Plan your route with a Motor Carrier Road Atlas

― Check if there are truck restricted routes, using your atlas

― Know if there are height limited roads on your route

― Be aware of any weight limited routes

― Read your route signs – stay aware of any truck route restrictions

― Do not trust any GPS navigation system

― Call your customer for exacting directions on local roads

Safe Driving Guidelines

7. If 7. If 7. If 7. If you do get lost:you do get lost:you do get lost:you do get lost:

― Do not proceed if you are not 100% certain it is safe to do so.

― If you have any doubts, STOPSTOPSTOPSTOP… and call local authorities for assistance

― Never make a UNever make a UNever make a UNever make a U----TurnTurnTurnTurn

― Try going around the block on city streets, instead of making a U-Turn.

― Try turning left if possible – Left turns have more room than right turns.

― Again, stay on truck routes and avoid residential areas, when lost.

― Never back-up on a public roadway – you cannot see a vehicle directly behind your vehicle

Safe Driving Guidelines

8. Plan 8. Plan 8. Plan 8. Plan for the mistakes of other driversfor the mistakes of other driversfor the mistakes of other driversfor the mistakes of other drivers

― Prepare to take whatever defensive action is necessary to safely prevent a collision.

― Even if the other vehicle is supposed to yield, always be ready to yield the Right-of-Way, if they do not.

― Vehicles around you may stop suddenly, or change lanes without warning

― Have a plan for how to avoid a collision if they do the “Unexpected”

― Be extremely cautious when weather conditions develop

Safe Driving Guidelines9. Observe 9. Observe 9. Observe 9. Observe and obey all traffic control signs and and obey all traffic control signs and and obey all traffic control signs and and obey all traffic control signs and devicesdevicesdevicesdevices

― Traffic lights

― Speed limit signs

― Designated ruck routes

― Truck restricted routes

― Low clearance signs and signals

― Weight restrictions

― Truck lane restrictions

― Truck exit signs and signals

― Weigh Station signs and signals

― Signs stating No Left or No Right Turns

― It is your responsibility to obey all signs and signals

― Traffic lights

― Weigh Station signs and signals

― At all times you must be aware and in compliance

― Signs that restrict turns from particular lane

•

Safe Driving Guidelines

10. Backing 10. Backing 10. Backing 10. Backing events require extreme events require extreme events require extreme events require extreme caution, Avoid caution, Avoid caution, Avoid caution, Avoid backing if you can backing if you can backing if you can backing if you can

― Backing accidents are the most frequent type of accidents in all of trucking

― If you must back up, GET OUT AND LOOKGET OUT AND LOOKGET OUT AND LOOKGET OUT AND LOOK

― Check for proper clearance on all six sides: up, down, left, right, front, and rear

― Continue to GET OUT AND LOOKGET OUT AND LOOKGET OUT AND LOOKGET OUT AND LOOKmultiple times

― Don’t just think you’re clear, KNOW you’re clear: GET OUT AND LOOKGET OUT AND LOOKGET OUT AND LOOKGET OUT AND LOOK

― Using a ground guide to assist is always a good idea

― Even with assistance, it is the driver’s responsibility to not strike anything

― GET OUT AND LOOKGET OUT AND LOOKGET OUT AND LOOKGET OUT AND LOOK, even if a dozen people are flagging you back

― GET OUT AND LOOKGET OUT AND LOOKGET OUT AND LOOKGET OUT AND LOOK

Safe Driving Guidelines11. Road 11. Road 11. Road 11. Road RageRageRageRage

― Anticipate that there will be delays, rude & discourteous drivers, situations, etc.

― Determine in advance that you will respond professionally & courteously regardless of what happens.

― Never assume that an apparently aggressive act was intended; don’t take it personally.

― Don’t react to aggressive behavior; ignore it.

― Don’t let someone else determine your behavior. Think through your actions & consider the consequences of those actions.

― Avoid eye contact with aggressive drivers and give them plenty of room.

― Don’t make offensive gestures that may offend others; ignore others if they use them.

― Use your horn only when necessary and don’t flash your headlights.

― Only drive in the passing lane when actually passing. Don’t block the passing lane.

― Do not tailgate. Always leave the proper following distance.

Distracted Driving

• Why driving while using hands-free cell phones is still a risky behavior

• Distractions now join alcohol and speeding as leading factors in fatal and serious injury crashes.

Distracted Driving

� Driver distractions leading factor in fatal and serious injury crashes

� In 2008, 28% of all crashes attributable to cell phones

• 1.6 million crashes

• 645,000 injuries

� Cell phone users 4 times as likely to crash

Distracted Driving

• Millions of People are Talking While Driving

� 11% of drivers at any point during the day are on cell phones

� 81% of drivers admit to talking on cell phone while driving:

• 74% of Boomers

• 88% of Gen X

• 89% of Gen Y

• 62% of Teen Drivers

Distracted Driving

• Millions of People are Texting While Driving

� 18% of drivers admit to texting while driving:

• 4% of Boomers

• 15% of Gen X

• 39% of Gen Y

• 36% of Teen Drivers

Distracted Driving

• How Cell Phones Distract:

� Visual – Eyes off road

�Mechanical – Hands off wheel

� Cognitive – Mind off driving

Some drivers don’t understand or realize that talking on a cell phone distracts the brain and takes focus away from the

primary task of driving.

Distracted Driving

• The Problem:

� Hands-free seen as solution and mistakenly believed to be safer than handheld

� People recognize the risk of talking on handheld and texting more than the risk of hands-free

� Most legislation focuses on only handheld devices or textingHands-free devices offer no safety benefit when driving.

Distracted Driving

• Cognitive Distraction:

� Cognitive distraction still exists with hands-free

• Talking occurs on both handheld and hands-free cell phones

• Mind focuses on conversation

• Listen and respond to disembodied voice

Hands-free devices do not eliminate cognitive distraction.

Distracted Driving

• Multitasking: A Brain Drain:

� Multitasking for the brain is a myth

� Human brains do not perform two tasks at same time

• Brain handles tasks sequentially

• Brain switches between one task and another

Distracted DrivingBrain engages in a constant process to:

1. SelectSelectSelectSelect information brain will attend to

2. ProcessProcessProcessProcess information

3. EncodeEncodeEncodeEncode to create memory

4. StoreStoreStoreStore information

It must also:

5. RetrieveRetrieveRetrieveRetrieve

6. ExecuteExecuteExecuteExecute or act on information

When brain is overloaded these steps are affected

Distracted Driving

• Multitasking is a Brain Drain:

� Brain juggles tasks, focus and attention

� Brain switches between primary and secondary tasks

� Inattention blindness

• When people do 2 cognitively complexcognitively complexcognitively complexcognitively complex tasks (driving and using a cell phone), causing brain to shift focus

� Bottleneck

• Different regions of brain must pull from a shared and limited resource for unrelated tasks

Overloading your brain with too many tasks at once is like taking a drink from a fire hydrant.

Distracted Driving

• Inattention Blindness:

� A type of cognitive distraction

• “looking” but not “seeing”

� Hands-free drivers lesslesslessless likely to see:

• High and low relevant objects

• Visual cues

• Exits, red lights and stop signs

• Signage

• Content of objects

• Changing Conditions

Distracted Driving

• Inattention Blindness:

A narrowed scope

Where drivers not using a hands-free cell phone looked.

Where drivers using a hands-free cell phone looked.

Source: Transport Canada

Distracted Driving

• Multitasking: Impairs Performance

� Just listening to sentences on cell phones decreased activity by 37% in the brain’s parietal lobe which perceives movement, integrates sensory information and also has importance for language processing

� Listening and language comprehension drew cognitive resources away from driving

� Also decreased activity in brain’s occipital lobe which processes visual information

Distracted Driving

• Multitasking: Impairs Performance

� We can walk and chew gum safely because it is not a cognitively-demanding task

� But even cell phone-using pedestrians act unsafely and are less likely to:

• Look for traffic before stepping into street

• Look at traffic while crossing street

• Notice unusual objects placed along path

Hazard Perception is critical to see pedestrians or drivers using cell phones that are distracted.

Distracted Driving

• Multitasking: Impairs Performance

� Driving involves a more complex set of tasks than walking:

• Visual

• Manual

• Cognitive

• Auditory

� A driver’s job is to watch for hazards, but this cannot be done when brain is overloaded

It’s difficult to focus on these

blind spots when you're not

focused on driving

Distracted Driving

• Cell Phone: Driver Risks

� Inattention blindness

� Slower reaction/response times

� Problems staying in lane

� More than 1.6 million crashes are caused by cell phone use and texting while driving each year.

� Countless lives have been lost as a result.

� Tell other drivers: On the Road, “Off the Phone”

Thanks!!!

This concludes our 2nd Quarter Safety Training. Please have a Safe quarter and remember……

Good Judgment beats Good Skills

Just Be Safe!!