“Only Thing To Fear”

-1932 Inauguration Speech

“The only thing we have to fear, is fear itself”

-Public Relations

-Fireside Chats

FDR spoke by radio to America on a regular basis

Calmed their fears

In 1932, the presidential election showed that Americans were clearly ready for a change.

A Call to Action-Progressive programs

Experiment with solutions

Relief, Recovery, Reform

-Group Effort

Eleanor Roosevelt

More political first lady

Brain Trust

Intellectuals who helped FDR develop policies

Frances Perkins

Secretary of Labor

1st woman to hold cabinet position

-1st 100 Days

March-June 1933

The Roosevelt administration

implemented programs to provide relief to farmers. It

also aided other workers and provided for

stimulating economic recovery. What do you think

the cartoonist means by Roosevelt’s remark

concerning New Deal remedies?

Eleanor Roosevelt

A niece of Teddy Roosevelt and a distant cousin of Franklin, Eleanor lost her parents at an early age and was raised by a

strict grandmother.

As First Lady, she often urged the president to take stands on controversial issues. She became known for speaking out

against economic and social injustice. In presenting a booklet on human rights to the UN in 1958 she said, “Where after all

do human rights begin?... [In] the world of the individual person: the neighborhood…the school…the factory, farm or

office where he works.”

First New Deal

-designed for relief, recovery, and reform

-deficit spending

Spending money country does not have

-Bank Holiday closed all banks to prevent withdrawals

Reopened sound banks-those unable to repay debts stayed closed

-FDIC and SEC created

The New Deal was the title President Franklin D. Roosevelt gave to the series of programs he initiated between 1933 and 1938 with the goal of providing relief, recovery, and reform (3 Rs) to the people and economy of the United States during the

Great Depression. Dozens of alphabet agencies (so named because of their acronyms),

were created as a result of the New Deal.

Alphabet Soup

-FDIC

Federal Depositors Insurance Corporation

federal insurance for individual bank accounts up to $100,000

-SEC

Securities and Exchange Commission

regulate stock market

-PWA

Public Works Administration

Money given to states to create construction jobs

-CWA

Civil Works Administration

built schools, roads

Alphabet Soup

-SSA

Social Security Act

> 65 get retirement income

-Fair Labor Standards Act

Minimum Wage – 40 cents/hr.

44 hr max/week

ended child labor

-NLRA

National Labor Relations Act/ Wagner Act

monitor unfair management practices such as firing workers who join unions

-WPA

Works Progress Administration

provided jobs for unskilled workers, built many government buildings

Alphabet Soup-TVA

Tennessee Valley Authority

flood control

hydroelectricity

-CCC

Civilian Conservation Corp

young men age 18-25

Built roads, parks

-AAA

Agricultural Adjustment Act

attempted to raise crop prices by paying farmers not to farm

-NIRA

National Industrial Recovery Administration

set prices to ensure fair competition

Not Enough Help

-By 1935 the economy has still not recovered

Depression not over yet

-there is enough relief to keep people from starving

-some people start to demand more action

“Eighteen million Americans are so poor of this world’s goods

that they are on relief”

New Deal Critics

-Father Charles Coughlin

heavy taxes on the rich to provide income for all

guaranteed annual income

-Huey Long

“Every man a King”

guaranteed income ($2000), home and college for all

“Share Our Wealth” Plan

Limit income to <$1,000,000

“We owe debts in America today, public and private,

amounting to $252 billion. That means that every child is

born with a $2000 debt around his neck… We propose that children shall be born in

a land of opportunity, guaranteed a home, food,

clothes, and other things that make for living, including the

right to education.”-- Huey Long

Court Packing

-Several New Deal programs ruled unconstitutional

AAA, NRA

-Roosevelt proposed adding new justices

-seen as a threat to checks and balances

By the mid 1930s conservative opposition to the New Deal had received a boost from the Supreme Court. The NIRA was declared unconstitutional

because it gave legislative powers to the executive branch. The next year the court struck down the AAA on the grounds that agriculture is a local matter

to be regulated by the states. Roosevelt was dismayed by these rulings. Fearing further court decisions that might dismantle the New Deal, he

proposed that Congress enact a court-reform bill that would reorganize the federal judiciary and allow him to appoint six new Supreme Court justices.

This was quickly labeled the “court packing” bill and it received a storm of protest in Congress and in the press. Many people believed the president

violated principles of judicial independence and the separation of powers and this damaged his public image. However unforeseen circumstances would

eventually lead to support for the New Deal in the court and President Roosevelt would appoint seven new justices over four years.

African Americans

-Mary McLeod Bethune

friend of Eleanor Roosevelt

established “Black Cabinet”

Advised President on education

-Concert of Marian Anderson at the Lincoln Memorial

-Roosevelt never fully committed to civil rights

-African Americans came to support the Democratic Party

When the Daughters of the American Revolution chose not to allow Anderson to perform in their

concert hall Eleanor Roosevelt arranged for her to perform at the

Lincoln Memorial

End of the New Deal

-”I see 1/3 of a nation ill -housed, ill-clad, ill-nourished”-FDR 1937

-by 1937, some recovery so gov’t pulls back programs and

depression returns

-opposition grows to continued gov’t control-not solving the

depression

-international affairs begin to take precedence

-New deal has great legacy

WWII Ends the Great Depression

What is this political cartoon saying about the New Deal and

its affect on America?