Date post: | 22-Dec-2015 |
Category: |
Documents |
Upload: | lucy-cannon |
View: | 219 times |
Download: | 0 times |
Types of Vessels
CON-ROSUPER TANKER (liquids)(Abqaiq)
RO-RO
CONTAINERPROJECT VESSEL BULK CARGO(Sabrina 1)
OCEAN SHIPPING
In volume, the transportation by vessel represent more than 90% of all international movements. By Bulk:Petrolium, Grain, coal, chemicals
By Containers:FCL (Full container load) 20 feet, 40, 40HC,45LCL (less than container load) consolidationReefer -10 degrees ou Temp control 4 degrees)Open-topPlateformTankers
OCEAN TRANSPORT
Loading types • Bulk (grain, cereals,cement,
coal, minerals, etc)
• Liquids
• Ocean Containers
• Unit loading • mechanical loading• merchandize on skids• merchandize in cases• heavy merchandize• oversize
OCEAN SHIPPING
A. The container:
Numerous advantages:• Regroups the merchandize in a single unit;• Adapted for ocean, rail and road transportation;• It’s rectangular shape permits easy handling;• Protects the freight against damage (packaging) and theft (seals);• The industry as standardize dimensions mainly into 20 and 40 feet long
steel containers.• The reference dimension is called TEU’s for twenty feet equivalent units.
B. Rates:For FCL, rates are calculated by container (box).For LCL, rates are calculated by cubic meter. The customer
pays for the SPACE taken in the container.
OCEAN SHIPPING
OCEAN CONTAINERS
Main ocean containers
20’, 40’, 40’HC, 45’*
Standard width: 8’Standard height: 8,5’
HC height: 9,5’
NOTE: There are other types of containers.
Charge:20’: 24 TM40’: 30 TM
Limits of charge vary depending on country of origin / destination road rules.
* Available on certain destinations only
OCEAN CONTAINERS
Open top containers
20’, 40’
Standard width: 8’Standard height: 8,5’
Charge:20’: 18 TM40’: 25 TM
. Charging limits can vary upon country road rules.. Loading with cranes.
OCEAN CONTAINERS
Temperature control20’*, 40’
Standard width: 8’Standard height: 8,5’
Charge:20’: 18 TM40’: 25 TM
. Charging limits can vary upon countries road rules.. Temperature around 4 degrees C.. Freezers around -10 degrees C.
* Available on certain corridors only
CONTENEURS MARITIMES
Platform
20’, 40’
Standard width: 8’Standard height: 8,5’
Charge:20’: 18 TM40’: 25 TM
. Loading limits can vary upon road rules in countries.
Domains of Maritime Circulation
Copyright © 1998-2009, Dr. Jean-Paul Rodrigue, Dept. of Global Studies & Geography, Hofstra University. For personal or classroom use ONLY. This material (including graphics) is not public domain and cannot be published, in whole or in part, in ANY form (printed or electronic) and on any media without consent. This includes conference presentations. Permission MUST be requested prior to use.
Yangtze
Mekong
Danube
Amazon
MississippiHuang He
Xi Jiang
RhineSt. Lawrence
SuezHormuz
Panama
Malacca
Bosporus
Magellan
Good Hope
Gibraltar
Bab el-Mandab
World’s Largest Maritime Container Shipping Operators, 2007
Operator Market Share
Total Owned Chartered
TEU Ships TEU Ships TEU Ships
APM-Maersk 16.1% 1,874,502 524 975,054 184 899,448 340
MSC 10.5% 1,217,013 370 691,334 212 525,679 158
CMA CGM 7.4% 864,669 360 267,921 87 596,748 273
Evergreen 5.3% 618,458 175 376,331 107 242,127 68
Hapag-Lloyd
4.2% 487,283 139 247,831 60 239,452 79
China Shipping
3.8% 437,183 141 251,192 87 185,991 54
COSCO 3.6% 420,410 139 222,437 93 197,973 46
APL 3.4% 400,865 122 139,690 38 261,175 84
NYK 3.2% 375,949 125 229,333 48 146,616 77
OOCL 2.9% 343,228 81 195,759 34 147,469 47
Total Top 10 60.4% 7,039,560 2,276 3,596,882 950 3,442,678
1,226
Total Top 50 91.1% 10,310,241
3,936 5,134,563 1,652 5,475,678
2,284
SAILING SCHEDULE: NY to South east Asia to Freemantle
NYC CHI HOU PDX SEA SFO LAX LAX SIN BKK PTK JAK FRE
Maersk 9507
09/20 09/20 09/20 09/25 09/25 09/27 09/27 10/01 10/18 10/21 10/25 10/28
Arthur 9517 09/27 09/27 09/27 09/29 09/29 10/04 10/04 10/08 10/29 10/25 11/04
Long 9511 10/04 10/04 10/04 10/09 10/09 10/11 10/11 10/15 11/01 11/04 11/08 11/11
Luna 9517 10/11 10/11 10/11 10/16 10/16 18/10 18/10 22/10 11/08 11/12 11/18
Axel 9519 10/18 10/18 10/18 10/23 10/23 10/25 10/25 10/29 11/15 11/18 11/22 11/25
PANAMAX and POST-PANAMAX
The Post-Panamax (or Overpanamax, Postpanamax) classified vessels have a larger capacity than the Panamax class, i.e. exceeding the dimensions to use the Panama Canal lock (écluses).• Prior to the 1990’s, the Panamax class was the main factor influencing
naval architecture for the size of vessels. • Changes happened due to increase in traffic and volumes of business
(Asia) to benefit from the economy of scale.• 2009-2010: Depression in the economy. Less vessels on the seas and less
vessels in construction in shipyards.
LOADING / UNLOADING AT PORT OF JAWAHARLAL, MUMBAI, India
OCEAN CARGO CALCULATION
FULL CONTAINERS:
The tare mass (weight) is the weight of an empty container. The payload is the weight of the cargo is it’s maximum gross
weight Maximum gross weight is the maximum weight including the
cargo
PALLETS:When the cargo is being loaded on pallets inside the container,
remember to include the size, weight and quantity of the pallet in the overall calculation.
CONTAINER LOADING / STUFFING
Stuffing Plan To avoid problems such as cargo overflow or wastage of space, it is essential for shippers to have a stuffing plan
before cargo is loaded into the container.
MeasurementGenerally speaking, a 20' container can hold as much as 26-28 cbm or 980-1,060 cu.ft., while a 40' can hold about 56-58 cbm or 1,980-2,110 cu.ft. and a 40’HC can hold 60-62cbm.
The actual loading Internal Capacity of a container depends not only on the dimensions of the carton boxes
but also on many other factors such as the packaging material and the competence and experience of the
stuffing personnel.
CONTAINER LOADING / STUFFING
WeightBesides the cargo's measurement, the stuffing plan should alsotake the weight into consideration. It is important to note thatin many countries the permissible weight limits for road and railtransportation are lower than the maximum payload a containercan afford.
OCEAN RATING
OCEAN TARIFFS:
Steamship lines and NVOCC’s publish their rates in tariffs.Ocean rates are regulated and are lane specific (sometimes commodity, ex. fruits in South America).
So, they have less flexibility, officially.‘According to FMC: Offer equitable rates = same rate to all customers tendering the same commodity under similar circumstances’.• Tariffs, Rates are for FCL• For LCL, rates are determined using the volume of the freight.
It is fixed at the ‘discretion’ of the freight forwarder.
OCEAN PRICES
RATES LOCATION:From and to locations can be either a terminal (inland or a port), which is equal to Container yard or a location where the container is to be stuffed, which is equal to Store door.
CONTAINER YARD (CY):Port facility at which containers are accepted for loading onboard ships, and off-loaded containers are delivered to the consignees. Also called Marshalling yard.
OCEAN TRANSPORT RATES
Container ratingPOTENTIAL EXTRA FEES TO THE FREIGHT:
Origin fees:• Local transport origin to port• Terminal charges (THC) origin• Documentation charges• B.A.F. (fuel surcharge, caused by fluctuation)• C.A.F. (currency adjustment)• Security fees
Destination fees:• Terminal charges (THC) destination• Local transport from port to destination
ASKING FOR A QUOTE
Q. How to know if you are quoted the fair price for your movement?
A. Obtain quotes, minimum 2 or 3 to compare and choose.
Q. How to know if you are charged the quoted price for your movement?
A. Compare the invoice with the quote!
BE PRECISE: When contacting a freight / Ocean forwarder for a quotation, the information YOU are supplying are crucial. Why?
• A difference in size or in weight can have a large impact of final rate that will be charged.
• The forwarder does not see or touch your freight• They work with your information; if not precise, potential
problem.
QUOTE REQUEST
YOUR responsibility:Supply complete informations
FORWARDER’s responsibility:Supply detailed quote
AVOID to accept an ‘all included’ rate. Example: ‘It will be 1200$ + taxes’.
QUOTE REQUEST
AVOID ASSUMING by asking for a documented and complete quote:
REGULAR movements:Obtain minimum 3 quotations from forwarders Re-look at your rates regularly, maximum 3 monthsOCCASIONALs movements / Spot Quotes: Obtain minimum 3 quotations from forwardersQuotes need to be detailled (see attached)Compare, select forwarder and contact by phone + email Build an ‘Open shipments’ table for follow-ups (in your ERP or
Excel sheet)