OPEN DAYS UNIVERSITY9th European Week of Regions and Cities

BrusselsOctober 12th 2010

Shaping EU Cities in a Changing Environment

Strengthening Urban Quality in Strategies for Growth and Shrinkage

Concluding RemarksClaude JacquierSenior Researcher - CNRS

National Centre for Scientific Research France

claude.jacquier7@wanadoo.fr

Concluding Remarks 1Paradigms and Objectives

Concluding Remarks 2Social and Economical ChallengesThe rôle of Local Communities

Concluding Remarks 3Governing strategies and means

Concluding Remarks 1Paradigms and Objectives

Crisis: which possible issues?

Until now 2007-08 Downtur

n

1929options?(permanentrecession,

nationalism, xenophobia, racism, war)

Business as usual is

expected by economists

New paradigmIntegratedSustainable

Development??Certainly

both of these solutions

but in different

ways!

Local community related to Sustainable Development

Place(environme

nt)Place(environment)

People and Gender(social)

Institutions (public and private, economic and social)

Peopleand

Gender(social)

Constituents

Institutions(economy and politic)

Constituentsin unstable equilibrium

Atmosphere

Multiscale approach of sustainabledevelopment

Institutions(economy)

Local Community City and Rurban Region

Polycentric Rurban Region

ESDP (SDEC)

Cities and Urban regions are very rich considering GDP per capita…

GDP and disposable income per capita 2001

HU

SKPL

EELTLV

RO

Bucarest

CZVarsovie

Budapest

PT GR

Bratislava

ES

UE25

ITUK

BEFR

LisboaFI

SE MadridNL

IE DKPraha

DE

Berlin

UttrechtHelsinki

Stockholm

Bremen

Ile de france

Hambourg

Bruxelles

Inner London

0

10000

20000

30000

40000

50000

60000

0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 12000 14000 16000 18000 20000

Disposable income per capita

GD

P p

er c

apit

a

… but they are less considering Disposable Income per capita!

Inner London/UKGDP = 2,5

DI = 1,2

Brussels/BelgiqueGDP = 2DI = 1

Ireland/EU15GDP = 2ndDI = 13th

Cities State Members

The Challenge 2050Objective EU 2050

Divide by 4 Energy Consumption and Pollution:

We have less than 40 years to reach the goal

Considering the actual improving trend of the building stocks

150 years and more are needed

A triple lackInvestments, innovative skills, regulation

A necessityBehavior changes

How to leave this path dependancy

The Challenge 2020 concerning Energy : 3 x (–

20%) (in 8 years)

Sobriety- 20%

Efficiency- 20%

Renewable- 20%

Daily Costs are Increasing(energy, pollution, Time costs, etc.)

Daily Pricesof Square Meterare Decreasing (in absolute and relative terms)

Opportunities for Investments.(the more the gap is large the more the investment time return is short)

Gap

Place

Institutions(economypolitics)

Atmosphere

Community

Concluding Remarks 2Social and Economical

ChallengesThe rôle of Local Communities

ProductiveBase

(labour and capital incomes from local

activities

Residential Base(pension,

incomes from outside, tourism)

Social Base(social benefits,

excepted pensions and unemployment

benefit)

Public Base

(wages from public sector )

The Economic

Basesof a

Community

NeigbhborhoodDistrict

CommuneCity

or Rurban Region

(Sources : Sombart, Davezies)

Economieémergée

Economieimmergée

Trade economy Men

Poachingeconomy

Women

Immerged economy

Domesticeconomy

Welfareeconomy

Emergedeconomy

Social economy

Economical Resources: Gender and Economies

SVA SVASVASVASVASVA

Strategica

lLinkR & D

Know-HowFinances

Com

StrategicalLink

MarketingSales

Maintenance

VAS links located in deprived communities or

elsewhere in the World

The Sustainable Value Added (SVA) Chain :

Each community is a link of the chain

Which parts of these links are still Located in deprived communities

or could be re-located in them? What is the delocalisation risk for strategical Links?

Connected Community

ConnectedCommunity

Deprived Community

Deprived Community

Community elsewhere in

the world

Community elsewhere in

the world

New fields of activities and employmentsSeventeen potential fields have been identified (EU 1994):

- services related to city improvement: improvement and energy saving in housing, safety, transportation, revalorisation of public spaces, neighbourhood commercial services,

- services related to everyday life: child minding, insertion of young people, old people, disable people,

- cultural and leisure services: valorisation of cultural heritage, cultural and sporting activities, restaurants, hotels

- environment-related services: prevention and precaution concerning food and sanitation, water protection and anti-pollution measures, protection of rivers and nature areas, waste management.

Essential aspects of this census: - these activities cannot be delocated,

- these activities ensure the closing of socio-economic and urban reproduction cycles, we have open in the past.

- these activities ensure links between the various economies identified hereunder: trade economy, redistribution (Welfare State), domestic economy, social and solidarity economy, to which we may add the ‘poaching economy’ made up of illegal activities and exchanges.

Concluding Remarks 3Governing strategies and

means

Bypassing rigidities and building reformsAims of integrated policies for sustainable urban

development

Making the city Making the best of the city

Horizontal conflicting cooperation (since the end of 19s)

Fragmented territoryBalkanized ‘Tart’

Horizontal cooperation Cooperation between local authorities and organizations

Rurban Region

Making the city Making the best of the city

Vertical conflicting cooperation (since the 60s)

Hierarchical approach Specialised approach‘Pastry’

Vertical cooperation Subsidiary approachContractual policy Multilevel agreements

Making the city Making the best of the city

Transversal conflicting cooperation (since the 80s)

Sectorised approach Partitioned approach‘Slices of cake’

Transversal cooperation Transversal approach Partnership

This last cooperation is the hardest to set up: Confrontation between various professional and cultural identities, corporatism and bureaucracy.

Cross-border cooperation

(1)

Cross-border Coopération

(2)

Programmes of

Risk Prevention:floods anddrynesses

Eurométropole Lille-Kortrijk-Tournai (Belgium-France)European Grouping of Territorial Cooperation (EGTC)

Place(environment)

Peopleand

Gender(social)

-6- Project

Outcomes(LAPLocal

Action Plan)Sustainable

Added-value

-1- Community

TerritoryTheir components

-5-Cross-

fertilization

Contracts (A, B, C) (effective

LSG)

-2-The Key: Know-How

(LAT Local Action Team)

Reformist ConspiratorsGardeners, Clinicians

Create New

Atmospheres with New

Compromises

-4- Partnersh

ip(LSG Local Support

Group)A ConflictiveCooperation

A

B

C

Creating Sustainable Added-Value within a Community

Building Sustainable Local Action Plans (“Making the Best With”)

-3- Mobilizing Actors Traditional and New OneInside and Outside the

CommunityBringing Economic, Social and

Environmental Resources

Institutions(economy politics)

Action Arena

Patterns of

intégration

-7-Evaluation

URBACT – URBAMECO - C. Jacquier

Sustainable Local Action Team (SLAT) and Sustainable Local Support Group (SLSG)

Local authority A

Local authority Z

State - EU

Other political

levels(Region

Province)

Private sector

Associations

Reformist conspirators

Accomplices

Institutionsand agents

SLAT and SLSG

Reformist process

Metropolitan Area

Rurban Region

Thank you for your attention

claude.jacquier7@wanadoo.fr