Open House, SeattleMay 19, 2003

Bob Heile Chairman, Zigbee Alliance

Hosted by Corporation

Wireless control that simply works

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Today’s Agenda

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Today’s Agenda (2)

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The Wireless MarketS

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MULTI-CHANNELDIGITAL VIDEO

Bluetooth1

Bluetooth 2

ZigBee

802.11b

802.11a/HL2 & 802.11g

802.15.3/WIMEDIA

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What is the ZigBee Alliance?

• An Organization with a mission to define reliable, cost-effective, low-power, wirelessly networked, monitoring and control products based on an open global standard

• Primary drivers are simplicity, long battery life, networking capabilities, reliability, and low cost

• Alliance provides interoperability, certification testing, and branding

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Applications

ZigBeeWireless Control that

Simply Works

RESIDENTIAL/LIGHT

COMMERCIAL CONTROL

CONSUMER ELECTRONICS

TVVCRDVD/CDremote

securityHVAClighting controlaccess controllawn & garden irrigation

PC & PERIPHERALS

INDUSTRIALCONTROL

asset mgtprocess control

environmentalenergy mgt

PERSONAL HEALTH CARE

BUILDING AUTOMATION

securityHVAC

AMRlighting controlaccess control

mousekeyboardjoystick

patient monitoring

fitness monitoring

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Who is supporting the ZigBee Alliance?

• Seven promoter companies– Ember, Honeywell, Invensys, Mitsubishi,

Motorola, Philips and Samsung

• A rapidly growing list (now over 70 participants) of industry leaders worldwide committed to providing ZigBee-compliant products and solutions– Companies include semiconductor

manufacturers, wireless IP providers, OEMs, and end users

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How is ZigBee related to IEEE 802.15.4?

• ZigBee takes full advantage of a powerful physical radio specified by IEEE 802.15.4

• ZigBee adds logical network, security and application software

• ZigBee continues to work closely with the IEEE to ensure an integrated and complete solution for the market

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Why do we need ZigBee technology?

• ONLY standards-based technology that– Addresses the unique needs of most remote

monitoring and control network applications– Enables the broad-based deployment of

wireless networks with low cost, low power solutions

– Provides the ability to run for years on inexpensive primary batteries for a typical monitoring application

– Capable of inexpensively supporting robust mesh networking technologies

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Protocol Stack Features

• 8-bit microcontroller (e.g. 80c51)

• Full protocol stack <32 k• Supports Simple node-

only stack• Coordinators

require extra RAM– Node device database– Transaction table– Pairing table

PHY LAYER

MAC LAYER

NETWORK/SECURTIY LAYERS

APPLICATION FRAMEWORK

APPLICATION/PROFILES

IEEE

ZigBee AlliancePlatform

Application

ZigBee Platform Stack

Silicon

ZigBee or OEM

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Frequencies and Data Rates

BAND COVERAGE DATA RATE # OF CHANNEL(S)

2.4 GHz ISM Worldwide 250 kbps 16

868 MHz Europe 20 kbps 1

915 MHz ISM Americas 40 kbps 10

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• 65,536 network (client) nodes• 1 fully functional network

coordinator (master)• Optimized for timing-critical

applications– New slave enumeration:

30 ms (typ)– Sleeping slave changing to

active: 15 ms (typ)– Active slave channel access

time: 15 ms (typ)

Basic Network Characteristics

Network coordinatorFull Function nodeReduced Function node

Communications flow

Virtual links

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Topology Models

PAN coordinator

Full Function Device

Reduced Function Device

Star

Mesh

Cluster Tree

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Mesh networks overcome barriers to wireless adoption

Barrier #1: reliability • People can move when

wireless reception is poor; machines typically cannot

• Humans tolerate garbled communication; machines do not

Barrier #2: wireless expertise

• Customers (and some installers) do not want to become wireless experts

• Want “wireless control that simply works”

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Why ZigBee?

• Reliable and self healing• Supports large number of nodes• Easy to deploy• Very long battery life• Secure• Low cost• Can be used globally

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Advantages of ZigBee over proprietary solutions?

• Product interoperability• Vendor independence• Increased product innovation as a result

of industry standardization • A common platform is more cost effective

than creating a new proprietary solution from scratch every time

• Companies can focus their energies on finding and serving customers

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Working Groups

• Marketing (Venkat Bahl) • Architecture (Don Sturek)• Network (Monique Bourgeois)• Security (Larry Puhl)• Qualification (Jon Adams)• Application Framework (Phil Jamieson)• Gateway Working Group (Pat Kinney)

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Organization Structure

Technical Steering Committee

Chair: Bob Heile

Technical Steering Committee

Chair: Bob Heile

Program Management Office

Jose Gutierrez

Program Management Office

Jose Gutierrez

Architecture Working Group

Chair: Don SturekProject Manager:

Architecture Working Group

Chair: Don SturekProject Manager:

Network Layer

Working Group

Chair: Monique Bourgeois

Vice Chair:Myung Lee

Network Layer

Working Group

Chair: Monique Bourgeois

Vice Chair:Myung Lee

Security Working Group

Chair: Larry Puhl

Vice Chair:

Security Working Group

Chair: Larry Puhl

Vice Chair:

Qualification Working Group

Chair: Jon Adams

Vice Chair:Bhupender Virk

Qualification Working Group

Chair: Jon Adams

Vice Chair:Bhupender Virk

Application Framework

Working Group

Chair: Phil Jamieson

Vice Chair/ PM:Bernd Grohmann

Application Framework

Working Group

Chair: Phil Jamieson

Vice Chair/ PM:Bernd Grohmann

Profile Task

Groups

Marketing Working

Group

Chair: Venkat Bahl

Vice Chair:Ernie Hartland

Marketing Working

Group

Chair: Venkat Bahl

Vice Chair:Ernie Hartland

Gateway Working Group

Chair: Pat Kinney

Vice Chair:

Gateway Working Group

Chair: Pat Kinney

Vice Chair:

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Benefits of Membership

• If your company is planning to produce a low-power wireless product or service, you can’t afford not to join! – ZigBee Alliance membership allows you and your

company to influence the direction of standards development and to promote the wireless industry.

– You get early access to the specifications and to other companies with complementary skills and capabilities

– You get the invaluable opportunity to test new products and services with other industry companies

– You get the ability to capitalize on the ZigBee brand and promotional activities

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Benefits of Membership

– Membership allows you and your company to learn early on about the latest products and services being developed and tested in the industry.

– Membership assists you and your company with networking opportunities among other member companies and industry standards bodies.

– Membership also allows for participation in ZigBee Alliance–sponsored events that address factors that are critical to the development and adoption of the industry.

But wait, there’s more--

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Member Growth & Geographical Distribution

56%

25%

19%

Asia/Pacific

Europe/Middle East

North /South America

Region Dec. 2002 Dec. 2003 May 2004

Asia/Pacific 3 (8%) 12 (19%) 14 (19%)

Europe/Middle East 9 (25%) 14 (22%) 18 (25%)

North/South America 24 (67%) 37 (59%) 41 (56%)

Total Member Companies

36 63 73

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ZigBee Champions

• OEM• Pat Gonia – Honeywell• Ernie Hartland – Leviton

• Silicon• Tim Kubitschek – Atmel• Bill Craig – ZMD

• Software / IP• Bhupender Virk – CompXs• John Morris - Figure 8 Wireless

• VC / Analyst• Deepak Kamlani – Global Inventures

• ZigBee Membership / General• Bill Chase – Global Inventures

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More Information

ZigBee Alliance web site http://www.ZigBee.org

IEEE 802.15.4 web sitehttp://www.ieee802.org/15/pub/TG4.html

Bob Heile, Chairbheile@ieee.org

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More Information

ZigBee Alliance web site http://www.ZigBee.org

IEEE 802.15.4 web sitehttp://www.ieee802.org/15/pub/TG4.html

Bob Heile, ZigBee Alliance Chairmanbheile@ieee.org

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State of the Alliance

• ONE YEAR AGO…– Berlin, Germany meeting– 2nd Open House – hosted by Nanotron– 5 Promoters, 45 ZigBee Participant Member

Companies

• TODAY…– Open House #3– Hosted by Ember

• Over 200 Registered, 12 company demos, ZigBee stacks and silicon available

– 7 Promoters, 66 Participant Member Companies

ZigBee and Bluetooth

Competitive or Complementary?

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• Bluetooth is a cable replacement for items like Phones, Laptop Computers, Headsets

• Bluetooth expects regular charging– Target is to use

<10% of host power

ZigBee and Bluetooth

Address Different Needs

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• ZigBee is better for devices Where the battery is ‘rarely’ replaced– Targets are :

• Devices where only a tiny fraction of host power is available

• New opportunities where wireless not yet used

ZigBee and Bluetooth

Address Different Needs

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ZigBee and Bluetooth

• ZigBee

– Smaller packets over large network

– Mostly Static networks with many, infrequently used devices

– Rapid Network Join

• Bluetooth

– Larger packets over small network

– Ad-hoc networks

– Long Network Join Times

Optimized for different applications

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Bluetooth:• Network join time = >3s• Sleeping slave changing to active = 3s typically• Active slave channel access time = 2ms typically

Timing Considerations

ZigBee protocol is optimized for timing critical applications

ZigBee and Bluetooth

ZigBee:• Network join time = 30ms typically • Sleeping slave changing to active = 15ms typically• Active slave channel access time = 15ms typically

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ZigBee and Bluetooth

AIR INTERFACE FHSS DSSS

PROTOCOL STACK 250 kb 28 kb

BATTERY rechargeable non-rechargeable

DEVICES/NETWORK 8 2^16

LINK RATE 1 Mbps 250 kbps

RANGE ~10 meters ~70meters

Comparison OverviewBluetooth ZigBee

(w/o power amp) (w/o power amp)

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A Light Switch Example

• Wireless Light switch – – Easy for Builders to Install

• A Bluetooth Implementation would either :– keep a counter running so

that it could predict which hop frequency the light would have reached or

– use the inquiry procedure to find the light each time the switch was operated.

Battery Life & Latency in a Light Switch

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Light switch using Bluetooth• Option 1: use counter to predict hop frequency reached by

light– The two devices must stay within 60 us (~1/10 of a hop)– With 30ppm crystals, devices need to communicate once a

second to track each other's clocks.– Assume this could be improved by a factor of 100 then

devices would need to communicate once every 100 seconds to maintain synchronization.

– => 900 communications / day with no information transfer + perhaps 4 communications on demand

– 99.5% Battery Power wasted

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Light switch using Bluetooth

• Option 2: Inquiry procedure to locate light each time switch is operated– Bluetooth 1.1 = up to 10 seconds typical– Bluetooth 1.2 = several seconds even if

optimized

– Unacceptable latency

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Light switch using ZigBee

• With DSSS interface, only need to perform CSMA before transmitting – Less than 15ms of latency– Highly efficient use of battery power

ZigBee offers longer battery life and lower latency than a

Bluetooth equivalent.

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ZigBee and Bluetooth-- Conclusion

• Protocols are substantially different and designed for different purposes

• ZigBee designed for low to very low duty cycle static and dynamic environments with many active nodes

• Bluetooth designed for high QoS, variety of duty cycles, moderate data rates in networks with limited active nodes