Steve Croft UC Berkeley / SETI Institute

with Andrew Siemion and colleagues and support from the Breakthrough Prize Foundation

Open Sourcing the Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence

2

Steve Croft - UC Berkeley / Breakthrough Listen / SETI Institute - GNURadio Conference 2019

Steve Croft - UC Berkeley / Breakthrough Listen / SETI Institute - GNURadio Conference 2019

Steve Croft - UC Berkeley / Breakthrough Listen / SETI Institute - GNURadio Conference 2019

THIS CHART WAS CREATED BY DELMON C. MORRISONJUNE 1, 2011

UNITEDSTATES

THE RADIO SPECTRUM

NON-GOVERNMENT EXCLUSIVE

GOVERNMENT/NON-GOVERNMENT SHAREDGOVERNMENT EXCLUSIVE

RADIO SERVICES COLOR LEGEND

ACTIVITY CODE

PLEASE NOTE: THE SPACING ALLOTTED THE SERVICES IN THE SPECTRUM SEGMENTS SHOWN IS NOT PROPORTIONAL TO THE ACTUAL AMOUNT OF SPECTRUM OCCUPIED.

ALLOCATION USAGE DESIGNATIONSERVICE EXAMPLE DESCRIPTION

Primary FIXED Capital LettersSecondary Mobile 1st Capital with lower case letters

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCENational Telecommunications and Information AdministrationOffice of Spectrum Management

August 2011

* EXCEPT AERONAUTICAL MOBILE (R)

** EXCEPT AERONAUTICAL MOBILE

ALLOCATIONSFREQUENCY

STAN

DARD

FRE

QUEN

CY A

ND T

IME

SIGN

AL (2

0 kHz

)

FIXED

MARITIME MOBILE

Radiolocation

FIXED

MARITIMEMOBILE

FIXED

MARITIMEMOBILE

MARITIMEMOBILE

FIXED AER

ON

AUTI

CAL

R

ADIO

NAV

IGAT

ION Aeronautical

Mobile

AERONAUTICALRADIONAVIGATION

Mariti

meRa

diona

vigati

on(ra

diobe

acon

s)Ae

rona

utica

l Mo

bile

AERO

NAUT

ICAL

RA

DION

AVIG

ATIO

N

Aero

nauti

cal R

adion

aviga

tion

(radio

beac

ons)

NOT ALLOCATED RADIONAVIGATION

MARITIME MOBILE

FIXED

Fixed

FIXED

MARITIME MOBILE

3 kHz

MARI

TIME

RAD

IONA

VIGA

TION

(radio

beac

ons)

3 9 14 19.9

5

20.0

5

59 61 70 90 110

130

160

190

200

275

285

300

Radiolocation

300 kHz

FIXED

MARITIME MOBILE

STAN

DARD

FRE

QUEN

CY A

ND T

IME

SIGN

AL (6

0 kHz

)

AeronauticalRadionavigation(radiobeacons)

MARITIMERADIONAVIGATION

(radiobeacons)

Aero

naut

ical

Mobil

eMa

ritime

Radio

navig

ation

(radio

beac

ons) Aeronautical

Mobile

Aero

naut

ical M

obile

RADI

ONAV

IGAT

ION

AER

ONAU

TICA

LRA

DION

AVIG

ATIO

NM

ARIT

IME

MOB

ILE

AeronauticalRadionavigation

MAR

ITIM

E M

OBIL

E

MOB

ILE

BROADCASTING(AM RADIO)

MARI

TIME

MOB

ILE

(telep

hony

) MOBILE

FIXED STAN

DARD

FRE

Q. A

ND T

IME

SIGN

AL (2

500k

Hz)

FIXED

AERO

NAUT

ICAL

MOBI

LE (R

)

RADIO-LOCATION

FIXED

MOBILE

AMAT

EUR

RADI

OLOC

ATIO

N

MOBI

LEFI

XED

MARI

TIME

MOBI

LE

MARI

TIME

MOB

ILE

FIXED

MOBI

LEBR

OADC

ASTI

NG

AER

ONAU

TICA

LRA

DION

AVIG

ATIO

N(ra

diobe

acon

s)

MOBI

LE (d

istre

ss a

nd c

alling

)

MAR

ITIM

E M

OBIL

E(s

hips o

nly)

AERO

NAUT

ICAL

RADI

ONAV

IGAT

ION

(radio

beac

ons)

AERO

NAUT

ICAL

RADI

ONAV

IGAT

ION

MARI

TIME

MOB

ILE

(telep

hony

)

MOBILEexcept aeronautical mobile

MOBI

LEex

cept

aeron

autic

al mo

bile

MOBILE

MOBI

LE

MARI

TIME

MOB

ILE

MOBI

LE (d

istre

ss a

nd ca

lling)

MARI

TIME

MOB

ILE

MOBILEexcept aeronautical mobile

BROADCASTING

AERONAUTICALRADIONAVIGATION

(radiobeacons)

Non-Federal Travelers Information Stations (TIS), a mobile service, are authorized in the 535-1705 kHz band. Federal TIS operates at 1610 kHz.300 kHz 3 MHz

MaritimeMobile

3MHz 30 MHz

AERO

NAUT

ICAL

MOBI

LE (O

R)

FIXE

DM

OBIL

Eex

cept

aer

onau

tical

mob

ile (R

)

FIXED

MOBILEexcept aeronautical

mobile

AERO

NAUT

ICAL

MOBI

LE (R

)

AMATEUR MAR

ITIM

E M

OBIL

EFI

XED

MARITIMEMOBILE

FIXE

DM

OBIL

Eex

cept

aer

onau

tical

mob

ile (R

)

AERO

NAUT

ICAL

MOB

ILE (R

)

AERO

NAUT

ICAL

MOB

ILE (O

R)

MOB

ILE

exce

pt a

eron

autic

al m

obile

(R)

FIXE

D

STAN

DARD

FRE

QUEN

CY A

ND TI

ME S

IGNA

L (5 M

Hz)

FIXE

DM

OBIL

E

FIXE

D

FIXED

AERO

NAUT

ICAL

MOB

ILE

(R)

AERO

NAUT

ICAL

MOB

ILE (O

R) FIXE

DM

OBIL

Eex

cept

aer

onau

tical

mob

ile (R

)

MAR

ITIM

E M

OBIL

E

AERO

NAUT

ICAL

MOB

ILE

(R)

AERO

NAUT

ICAL

MOB

ILE (O

R) FIXE

D

AMAT

EUR

SATE

LLIT

EAM

ATEU

R

AMAT

EUR

BR

OA

DC

AS

TIN

G

FIXED

MOBILEexcept aeronautical

mobile (R)

MAR

ITIM

E M

OBIL

EFI

XE

D

AERO

NAUT

ICAL

MOB

ILE

(R)

AERO

NAUT

ICAL

MOB

ILE (O

R)

FIXE

D

BR

OA

DC

AS

TIN

G

FIXE

DST

ANDA

RD F

REQU

ENCY

AND

TIME

SIG

NAL (

10 M

Hz)

AERO

NAUT

ICAL

MOB

ILE (R

)AM

ATEU

R

FIXED

Mobileexcept

aeronautical mobile (R)

AERO

NAUT

ICAL

MOB

ILE (O

R)

AERO

NAUT

ICAL

MOB

ILE

(R)

FIXE

D

BROA

DCAS

TING

FIXE

D

MAR

ITIM

EM

OBIL

E

AERO

NAUT

ICAL

MOB

ILE (O

R)

AERO

NAUT

ICAL

MOB

ILE

(R)

RADI

O AS

TRON

OMY

F

IXE

DM

obile

exce

pt a

eron

autic

al m

obile

(R)

BROA

DCAS

TING

F

IXE

DM

obile

exce

pt a

eron

autic

al m

obile

(R)

AMAT

EUR

Mob

ileex

cept

aer

onau

tical

mob

ile (R

)

FIX

ED

STAN

DARD

FRE

QUEN

CY A

ND TI

ME S

IGNA

L (15

MHz

)AE

RONA

UTIC

AL M

OBIL

E (O

R)

BROA

DCAS

TING

MAR

ITIM

EM

OBIL

E

AERO

NAUT

ICAL

MOB

ILE

(R)

AERO

NAUT

ICAL

MOB

ILE (O

R)

FIX

EDAM

ATEU

R SA

TELL

ITE

AMAT

EUR

SATE

LLIT

E

FIX

ED

3.0

3.155

3.2

3 3.4

3.5

4.0

4.0

63

4.438

4.6

5 4.7

4.7

5 4.8

5 4.9

95

5.005

5.0

6 5.4

5 5.6

8 5.7

3 5.5

9 6.2

6.5

25

6.85

6.765

7.0

7.1

7.3

7.4

8.1

8.1

95

8.815

8.9

65

9.04

9.4

9.9

9.995

1.0

05

1.01

10.15

11

.175

11.27

5 11

.4 11

.6 12

.1 12

.23

13.2

13.26

13

.36

13.41

13

.57

13.87

14

.0 14

.25

14.35

14

.99

15.01

15

.1 15

.8 16

.36

17.41

17

.48

17.9

17.97

18

.03

18.06

8 18

.168

18.78

18

.9 19

.02

19.68

19

.8 19

.99

20.01

21

.0 21

.45

21.85

21

.924

22.0

22.85

5 23

.0 23

.2 23

.35

24.89

24

.99

25.01

25

.07

25.21

25

.33

25.55

25

.67

26.1

26.17

5 26

.48

26.95

26

.96

27.23

27

.41

27.54

28

.0 29

.7 29

.8 29

.89

29.91

30

.0

BROA

DCAS

TING

MAR

ITIM

E M

OBIL

E

BROA

DCAS

TING

F

IXE

D

F

IXE

D

MAR

ITIM

E M

OBIL

E

F

IXE

D

STAN

DARD

FRE

QUEN

CY A

ND TI

ME S

IGNA

L (20

MHz

)M

obile

Mob

ile

F

IXE

D

BROA

DCAS

TING

F

IXE

D

AERO

NAUT

ICAL

MOB

ILE

(R)

MAR

ITIM

E M

OBIL

E

AMAT

EUR

SATE

LLIT

EAM

ATEU

R

F

IXE

D

Mob

ileex

cept

aer

onau

tical

mob

ile (R

)

FIX

ED

AERO

NAUT

ICAL

MOB

ILE

(OR)

MOB

ILE

exce

pt a

eron

autic

al m

obile

F

IXE

D

AMAT

EUR

SATE

LLIT

EAM

ATEU

RST

ANDA

RD F

REQ.

AND

TIME

SIG

NAL (

25 M

Hz)

LAN

D M

OBIL

EM

ARIT

IME

MOB

ILE

LAN

D M

OBIL

E

F

IXE

DM

OBIL

E exc

ept a

erona

utical m

obile

RADI

O AS

TRON

OMY

BROA

DCAS

TING

MAR

ITIM

E M

OBIL

E

LAN

D M

OBIL

E

MOB

ILE

exce

pt a

eron

autic

al m

obile

MOB

ILE

excep

t aero

nautic

al mob

ile

FIX

ED

LAN

D M

OBIL

E

F

IXE

DM

OBIL

Eex

cept

aer

onau

tical

mob

ile

F

IXE

D

F

IXE

D

MOB

ILE

F

IXE

D

AMAT

EUR

SATE

LLIT

EAM

ATEU

R

LAN

D M

OBIL

E

FIX

ED

F

IXE

D M

OBIL

E

F

IXE

D

AMAT

EUR

MOB

ILE

exce

pt a

eron

autic

al m

obile

(R)

AMAT

EUR

F

IXE

DBROA

DCAS

TING

MAR

ITIM

E M

OBIL

E

MOBILEexcept aeronautical

mobile

300

325

335

405

415

435

495

505

510

525

535

1605

16

15

1705

18

00

1900

20

00

2065

21

07

2170

21

73.5

2190

.5 21

94

2495

25

05

2850

30

00

30 MHz 300 MHz

FIXE

DM

OBIL

E

LAND

MOB

ILE

MOB

ILE

MOB

ILE

MOB

ILE

LAND

MOB

ILE

LAND

MOB

ILE

FIXE

D

FIXE

D

FIXE

D

FIXE

D

FIXE

D

FIXE

D

LAND

MOB

ILE LA

ND M

OBIL

ERa

dio a

stron

omy

FIXE

DM

OBIL

EFI

XED

MOB

ILE

LAND

MOB

ILE

MOB

ILE

FIXE

D

FIXE

DLA

ND M

OBIL

E

LAND

MOB

ILE

FIXE

DM

OBIL

E

LAND

MOB

ILE

FIXE

DM

OBIL

E

AMATEUR BROADCASTING(TV CHANNELS 2-4)

FIXE

DM

OBIL

E

RADIO

ASTRO

NOMY M

OBIL

EFI

XED

AERO

NAUT

ICAL

RAD

IONA

VIGA

TION

MOB

ILE

MOB

ILE

FIXE

DFI

XED

BROADCASTING(TV CHANNELS 5-6)

BROADCASTING(FM RADIO)

AERONAUTICALRADIONAVIGATION

AERO

NAUT

ICAL

MOB

ILE

(R)

AERO

NAUT

ICAL

MOB

ILE

(R)

AERON

AUTIC

AL MO

BILE

AERON

AUTIC

AL MO

BILE

AERON

AUTIC

AL MO

BILE (R

)AER

ONAU

TICAL

MOBIL

E (R)

MOBIL

E-SAT

ELLIT

E(sp

ace-t

o-Eart

h)

MOBIL

E-SAT

ELLIT

E(sp

ace-t

o-Eart

h)

Mobile

-satel

lite(sp

ace-t

o-Eart

h)

Mobile

-satel

lite(sp

ace-t

o-Eart

h)

SPAC

E RES

EARC

H(sp

ace-t

o-Eart

h)SP

ACE R

ESEA

RCH

(spac

e-to-E

arth)

SPAC

E RES

EARC

H(sp

ace-t

o-Eart

h)SP

ACE R

ESEA

RCH

(spac

e-to-E

arth)

SPAC

E OPE

RATIO

N(sp

ace-t

o-Eart

h)SP

ACE O

PERA

TION

(spac

e-to-E

arth)

SPAC

E OPE

RATIO

N(sp

ace-t

o-Eart

h)SP

ACE O

PERA

TION

(spac

e-to-E

arth)

MET.

SATE

LLITE

(spac

e-to-E

arth)

MET.

SATE

LLITE

(spac

e-to-E

arth)

MET.

SATE

LLITE

(spac

e-to-E

arth)

MET.

SATE

LLITE

(spac

e-to-E

arth)

FIXE

DM

OBIL

EAM

ATEU

R- S

ATEL

LITE

AMAT

EUR

AMAT

EUR

FIXE

DM

OBIL

E

MOBIL

E-SAT

ELLIT

E(Ea

rth-to

-spac

e)

FIXE

DM

OBIL

EFI

XED

LAND

MOB

ILE

FIXE

D LA

ND M

OBILE

RA

DIO

NAV

-SAT

ELL

ITE

MAR

ITIME

MOB

ILE

MAR

ITIME

MOB

ILE M

ARITI

ME M

OBILE

MOB

ILE

exce

pt a

eron

autic

al m

obile

FIXE

D LA

ND M

OBILE

MAR

ITIME

MOB

ILE

MOB

ILE

exce

pt a

eron

autic

al m

obile

MAR

ITIME

MOB

ILE (A

IS)

MOB

ILE

exce

pt a

eron

autic

al m

obile

FIXE

D

FIXE

DLa

nd m

obile

FIXE

DM

OBIL

E FIXE

DM

OBIL

E ex

cept

ae

rona

utica

l mob

ile

Mob

ileFI

XED

MOB

ILE

exce

pt a

eron

autic

al m

obile

FIXED

MOBILE

LAND

MOB

ILE

MAR

ITIM

E M

OBIL

E (d

istre

ss, u

rgen

cy, s

afet

y and

callin

g)

MAR

ITIME

MOB

ILE (A

IS)

MOB

ILE

exc

ept a

eron

autic

al m

obile

FIXE

D

Amate

ur

AERO

NAUT

ICAL

MOB

ILE

(R)

MOBIL

E-SAT

ELLIT

E(Ea

rth-to

-spac

e)

BROADCASTING(TV CHANNELS 7 - 13)

FIXE

DAM

ATEU

R

Land m

obile

Fixe

d

30.6

30.56

32

.0 33

.0 34

.0 35

.0 36

.0 37

.0 37

.5 38

.0 38

.25

39.0

40.0

42.0

43.69

46

.6 47

.0 49

.6 50

.0 54

.0 72

.0 73

.0 74

.6 74

.8 75

.2 75

.4 76

.0 88

.0 10

8.0

117.9

75

121.9

375

123.0

875

123.5

875

128.8

125

132.0

125

136.0

13

7.0

137.0

25

137.1

75

137.8

25

138.0

14

4.0

146.0

14

8.0

149.9

15

0.05

150.8

15

2.855

15

4.0

156.2

475

156.7

25

156.8

375

157.0

375

157.1

875

157.4

5 16

1.575

16

1.625

16

1.775

16

1.962

5 16

1.987

5 16

2.012

5 16

3.037

5 17

3.2

173.4

17

4.0

216.0

21

7.0

219.0

22

0.0

222.0

22

5.0

300.0

FIXE

D

Fixe

dLan

d mobil

e

LAND

MOB

ILE

LAND

MOB

ILE

300.0

32

8.6

335.4

39

9.9

400.0

5 40

0.15

401.0

40

2.0

403.0

40

6.0

406.1

41

0.0

420.0

45

0.0

454.0

45

5.0

456.0

46

0.0

462.5

375

462.7

375

467.5

375

467.7

375

470.0

51

2.0

608.0

61

4.0

698.0

76

3.0

775.0

79

3.0

805.0

80

6.0

809.0

84

9.0

851.0

85

4.0

894.0

89

6.0

901.0

90

2.0

928.0

92

9.0

930.0

93

1.0

932.0

93

5.0

940.0

94

1.0

944.0

96

0.0

1164

.0 12

15.0

1240

.0 13

00.0

1350

.0 13

90.0

1392

.0 13

95.0

1400

.0 14

27.0

1429

.5 14

30.0

1432

.0 14

35.0

1525

.0 15

59.0

1610

.0 16

10.6

1613

.8 16

26.5

1660

.0 16

60.5

1668

.4 16

70.0

1675

.0 17

00.0

1710

.0 17

55.0

1850

.0 20

00.0

2020

.0 20

25.0

2110

.0 21

80.0

2200

.0 22

90.0

2300

.0 23

05.0

2310

.0 23

20.0

2345

.0 23

60.0

2390

.0 23

95.0

2417

.0 24

50.0

2483

.5 24

95.0

2500

.0 26

55.0

2690

.0 27

00.0

2900

.0 30

00.0

300 MHz

AERO

NAUT

ICAL

RAD

IONA

VIGA

TION

FIXE

DM

OBIL

E

RAD

IONA

VIGA

TION

SATE

LLITE

MOBI

LE S

ATEL

LITE

(Eart

h-to-s

pace

)

STAN

DARD

FRE

QUEC

Y AN

D TI

ME S

IGNA

L - S

ATEL

LITE

(400

.1 MH

z)ME

T. AIDS

(Radio

sonde

)MO

BILE

SAT

(S-E)

SPAC

E RES

.(S-

E)Sp

ace Op

n. (S

-E)ME

T. SAT

.(S-

E)

MET. A

IDS(Ra

dioson

de)

SPAC

E OPN

. (S

-E)ME

T-SAT

. (E

-S)EA

RTH

EXPL

SAT. (

E-S)

Earth

Expl S

at(E-

S)

Earth

Expl S

at(E-

S)EA

RTH

EXPL

SA

T. (E-S

)ME

T-SAT

. (E

-S)ME

T. AIDS

(Radio

sonde

)

Met-S

atellite

(E-S)

Met-S

atellite

(E-S)

MET

EORO

LOGI

CAL A

IDS

(RAD

IOSO

NDE)

MOB

ILE

SATE

LLIT

E (E

arth

-to-s

pace

)RA

DIO

ASTR

ONOM

YFI

XED

MOB

ILE

FIXE

DM

OBIL

ESP

ACE

RES

EARC

H (s

pace

-to-sp

ace)

RADI

OLOC

ATIO

NAm

ateu

r

LAND

MOB

ILE

FIXE

DLA

ND M

OBIL

ELA

ND M

OBIL

EFI

XED

LAND

MOB

ILE

MeteorologicalSatellite

(space-to-Earth)

LAND

MOB

ILEFI

XED

LAND

MOB

ILE

FIXE

D LA

ND M

OBILE

LAND

MOB

ILE

LAND

MOB

ILEFI

XED

BROADCASTING(TV CHANNELS 14 - 20)

FIXEDBROADCASTING

(TV CHANNELS 21-36)

LAN

D M

OB

ILE

(med

ical

tele

met

ry a

ndm

edic

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RADIONAVIGATION

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Radio-location

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RADIO - LOCATION

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FIXED-SATELLITE

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Space research

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ITE

FIXE

D-SA

TELL

ITE

(Ear

th-to-

spac

e)

FIXE

D-SA

TELL

ITE

(Ear

th-to-

spac

e)

RADI

OLOC

ATIO

NMA

RITI

MERA

DION

AVIG

ATIO

N

AERO

NAUT

ICAL

RAD

IONA

VIGA

TION

INTE

R-SA

TELL

ITE

Inter-satellite

Earthexploration -

satellite (active)

FIXE

DFIXE

D-SA

TELL

ITE

(Ear

th-to-

spac

e)

FIXED

Spac

e res

earch

Radio

locat

ionRa

dioloc

ation

Radio

locat

ion

RADI

OLOC

ATIO

N

RADI

OLOC

ATIO

N

Earthexploration-

satellite (active)

3.0

3.1

3.3

3.5

3.6

3.65

3.7

4.2

4.4

4.5

4.8

4.94

4.99

5.0

5.01

5.03

5.15

5.25

5.255

5.3

5 5.4

6 5.4

7 5.5

7 5.6

5.6

5 5.8

3 5.8

5 5.9

25

6.425

6.5

25

6.7

6.875

7.0

25

7.075

7.1

25

7.145

7.1

9 7.2

35

7.25

7.3

7.45

7.55

7.75

7.85

7.9

8.025

8.1

75

8.215

8.4

8.4

5 8.5

8.5

5 8.6

5 9.0

9.2

9.3

9.5

9.8

10

.0 10

.45

10.5

10.55

10

.6 10

.68

10.7

11.7

12.2

12.7

13.25

13

.4 13

.75

14.0

14.2

14.4

14.5

14.71

45

14.8

15.13

65

15.35

15

.4 15

.43

15.63

15

.7 16

.6 17

.1 17

.2 17

.3 17

.7 17

.8 18

.3 18

.6 18

.8 19

.3 19

.7 20

.2 21

.2 21

.4 22

.0 22

.21

22.5

22.55

23

.55

23.6

24.0

24.05

24

.25

24.45

24

.65

24.75

25

.05

25.25

25

.5 27

.0 27

.5 29

.5 30

.0

MOBI

LE

FIXE

D-SA

TELL

ITE

(spac

e-to-

Earth

)

FIXE

D-SA

TELL

ITE

(spac

e-to-

Earth

)

FIXE

D-SA

TELL

ITE

(Ear

th-to-

spac

e)

Earthexploration -

satellite (active)

Amat

eur-s

atell

ite(s

pace

-to-E

arth

)

FIXE

D-SA

TELL

ITE

(Ear

th-to-

spac

e)

FIXE

D -

SATE

LLIT

E(E

arth-

to-sp

ace)

MOBI

LE -

SATE

LLIT

E(E

arth-

to-sp

ace)

Standard Frequency and

Time SignalSatellite

(space-to-Earth)

FIXE

DMO

BILE

RADI

OAS

TRON

OMY

SPAC

ERE

SEAR

CH

(pas

sive)

EART

HEX

PLOR

ATIO

N -

SATT

ELLIT

E (p

assiv

e)

RADI

ONAV

IGAT

ION

INTE

R-SA

TELL

ITE

RADI

ONAV

IGAT

ION

Radio

locat

ion

FIXE

D

FIXE

D

MOBI

LE

MobileFixed

BROA

DCAS

TING

MOBI

LE

SPAC

E RE

SEAR

CH

(pass

ive)

EART

H EX

PLOR

ATIO

N-SA

TELL

ITE (p

assiv

e)

SPAC

E RE

SEAR

CH (p

assiv

e)EA

RTH

EXPL

ORAT

ION-

SATE

LLIT

E (p

assiv

e)

EART

H EX

PLOR

ATIO

N-SA

TELL

ITE

(pas

sive)

SPAC

ERE

SEAR

CH(p

assiv

e)

MOBILE

FIXED

MOBILESATELLITE(space-to-

Earth)

MOBI

LE-

SATE

LLIT

ERA

DIO

NAVI

GATI

ONRA

DIO

NAVI

GATIO

N-SA

TELL

ITE

FIXED-SATELLITE(space-to-

Earth)

AMAT

EUR

AMAT

EUR-

SATE

LLIT

E

SPACERESEARCH

(passive)

RADIOASTRONOMY

EARTH EXPLORATION-

SATELLITE(passive)

MOBI

LEFI

XED

RADI

O-LO

CATI

ON

INTE

R-SA

TELL

ITE RADIO-

NAVIGATION

RADIO-NAVIGATION-

SATELLITE

AMAT

EUR

AMAT

EUR

- SAT

ELLI

TE

RADI

OLO

CATI

ON

EART

HEX

PLOR

ATIO

N-

SATE

LLIT

E (p

assiv

e)SP

ACE

RESE

ARCH

(pas

sive)SP

ACE

RESE

ARCH

(pas

sive)

RADI

OAS

TRON

OMY

MOBI

LEFI

XED

RADI

OAS

TRON

OMY

INTE

R-SA

TELL

ITE

RADI

ONAV

IGAT

ION

RADI

ONAV

IGAT

ION-

SATE

LLIT

E

SPACERESEARCH

(Passive)

RADI

OAS

TRON

OMY

EARTHEXPLORATION-

SATELLITE(Passive)

MOBI

LEFI

XED

MOBI

LEFI

XED

MOBILE

FIXED

FIXED-SATELLITE

(space-to-Earth)

RADI

OLOC

ATIO

NAM

ATEU

RAM

ATEU

R-SA

TELL

ITE

Amat

eur

Amat

eur-s

atell

ite

EART

H EX

PLOR

ATIO

N-

SATE

LLIT

E (p

assiv

e)

MOBI

LE

SPAC

E RE

SEAR

CH(d

eep

spac

e) (s

pace

-to-E

arth)

MOBI

LE

Mobile-

satellite

(space-to-Earth)

SPACE

RESEARCH

(Earth-to-space)

FIXED-SATELLITE

(space-to-Earth)

BROA

DCAS

TING

-SA

TELL

ITE

INTE

R- S

ATEL

LITE

EART

H EX

PLOR

ATIO

N-SA

TELL

ITE

(pas

sive)

SPAC

E RE

SEAR

CH

(pass

ive)

FIXE

DMO

BILE

**

SPAC

ERE

SEAR

CH(p

assiv

e)

EART

HEX

PLOR

ATIO

N-SA

TELL

ITE

(pas

sive)

RADI

ONAV

IGAT

ION

RADI

O-LO

CATI

ONSP

ACE

RESE

ARCH

(dee

p sp

ace)

(Ear

th-to-

spac

e)Ra

dio-

locat

ion

Spac

e res

earch

(dee

p sp

ace)

(Ear

th-to-

spac

e)

Radio

locat

ionRA

DIOL

OCAT

ION

EART

H

EXPL

ORAT

ION

-

SATT

ELLIT

E (a

ctive

)

RADIOLOCATION

SPACERESEARCH

(active)

Earth

explo

ratio

n -sa

ttellit

e (ac

tive)

Radiolocation

Spaceresearch (active)

EART

H EX

PLOR

ATIO

N -

SATE

LLIT

E(p

assiv

e)FI

XED

MOBI

LESP

ACE

RESE

ARCH

(p

assiv

e) SPAC

E RE

SEAR

CH(sp

ace-

to-Ea

rth) FIXE

DMO

BILE

FIXE

D-SA

TELL

ITE

(spa

ce-to

-Ear

th)

EART

H E

XPLO

RATI

ONSA

TELL

ITE

(Ear

th-to-

spac

e)

Earth

explo

ration

satel

lite(sp

ace-t

o-Eart

h)

FIXED-SATELLITE(space-to-Earth)

FIXEDMOBILE

BROA

DCAS

TING

-SA

TELL

ITE

BROA

DCAS

TING

FIXED

- SA

TELL

ITE(sp

ace-t

o-Eart

h)

FIXE

DMO

BILE

BROA

DCAS

TING

BROA

DCAS

TING

SAT

ELLIT

E

FIXE

DMO

BILE

**FIX

ED-S

ATEL

LITE

(EAR

TH-to

-spac

e)RA

DIO

ASTR

ONOM

Y

FIXED

-SAT

ELLIT

E (Ea

rth-to

-spac

e)MO

BILE

-SAT

ELLIT

E (E

arth-

to-sp

ace)

MOBI

LEMO

BILE

-SAT

ELLIT

E (E

arth-

to-sp

ace)

MOBI

LE-S

ATEL

LITE

(Ear

th-to-

spac

e)MO

BILE

FIXE

D

FIXE

DMO

BILE

FIXE

D-SA

TELL

ITE

(Ear

th-to-

spac

e)

FIXE

DMO

BILE

FIXE

D-SA

TELL

ITE

(Ear

th-to-

spac

e)

MOBI

LE-S

ATEL

LITE

(Ear

th-to-

spac

e)

FIXED

MOBILE

FIXE

D-SA

TELL

ITE

(Ear

th-to-

spac

e)

EART

H EX

PLOR

ATIO

N-SA

TELL

ITE

(pas

sive)

SPAC

E RE

SEAR

CH (p

assiv

e)

INTE

R- S

ATEL

LITE

INTE

R- S

ATEL

LITE

EART

H EX

PLOR

ATIO

N-SA

TELL

ITE

(pas

sive)

SPAC

E RE

SEAR

CH (p

assiv

e)

FIXED

MOBILE

EART

H EX

PLOR

ATIO

N-SA

TELL

ITE

(pas

sive)

SPAC

E RE

SEAR

CH (p

assiv

e)IN

TER-

SAT

ELLI

TE

FIXED

MOBILE

INTE

R- S

ATEL

LITE

EART

H EX

PLOR

ATIO

N-SA

TELL

ITE

(pas

sive)

SPAC

E RE

SEAR

CH (p

assiv

e)

MOBILE

FIXED

RADI

O-LO

CATI

ON

INTE

R- S

ATEL

LITE

FIXE

DMO

BILE

INTE

R- S

ATEL

LITE

INTE

R- S

ATEL

LITE

EART

H EX

PLOR

ATIO

N-SA

TELL

ITE

SPAC

E RE

SEAR

CH

FIXE

DMO

BILE

**

INTE

R- S

ATEL

LITE

MOBI

LE

BROA

DCAS

TING

FIXED- SATELLITE(space-to-

Earth)

Spaceresearch

(space-to-Earth)

MOBILE

Amat

eur

RADI

OAS

TRON

OMY

RADI

OLOC

ATIO

NSp

ace r

esea

rch(sp

ace-

to-Ea

rth)

Amat

eur

RADI

OLOC

ATIO

NSp

ace r

esea

rch(sp

ace-

to-Ea

rth)

AMAT

EUR

RADI

OLOC

ATIO

N

FIXED-SATELLITE

(Earth-to-space)

MOBILE-SATELLITE(Earth-to-space)

Spaceresearch

(space-to-Earth)

FIXED

MOBILE

FIXED-SATELLITE

(Earth-to-space)

FIXED

MOBILE

EARTHEXPLORATION-

SATELLITE(active)

SPACERESEARCH

(active)

RADIO-LOCATION

RADI

O-LO

CATI

ONMO

BILE

FIXE

D

FIXED

MOBILE

RADIOASTRONOMY

RADIO-LOCATION

RADIO-NAVIGATION

RADIO-NAVIGATION-

SATELLITE

RADI

OAS

TRON

OMY

SPAC

ERE

SEAR

CH(p

assiv

e)EA

RTH

EXPL

ORAT

ION-

SATE

LLIT

E (p

assiv

e)

SPAC

ERE

SEAR

CH(p

assiv

e)

FIXE

DMO

BILE

SPAC

ERE

SEAR

CH(p

assiv

e)

EART

HEX

PLOR

ATIO

N-SA

TELL

ITE

(pas

sive)

SPAC

ERE

SEAR

CH(p

assiv

e)EA

RTH

EXPL

ORAT

ION-

SATE

LLIT

E (p

assiv

e)

SPAC

ERE

SEAR

CH(p

assiv

e)IN

TER-

SATE

LLIT

E

FIXE

DMO

BILE

Amat

eur FIXED-

SATELLITE(space-to-Earth)

MOBILE-

SATELLITE

(space-to-Earth)

Radioastronomy FIXED

MOBILE

INTER-SATELLITE

EART

HEX

PLOR

ATIO

N-SA

TELL

ITE

(acti

ve)

RADI

OAS

TRON

OMY

Radio

astro

nomy

Amat

eur -

sate

llite

Amat

eur

FIXE

DMO

BILE

RADI

O AS

TRON

OMY

SPAC

E RE

SEAR

CH(p

assiv

e)RA

DIO

ASTR

ONOM

YEA

RTH

EXPL

ORAT

ION-

SATE

LLIT

E (p

assiv

e)

FIXE

DMO

BILE

RADI

O AS

TRON

OMY

RADI

OLOC

ATIO

NEA

RTH

EXPL

ORAT

ION-

SATE

LLIT

E (p

assiv

e)

FIXED

RADI

O A

STRO

NOMY

FIXE

D-SA

TELL

ITE

(spac

e-to-

Earth

)

MOBI

LE-

SATE

LLIT

E(sp

ace-

to-Ea

rth)

FIXE

DMO

BILE

FIXE

DMO

BILE

FIXE

D-SA

TELL

ITE

(spac

e-to-

Earth

)

INTE

R-SA

TELL

ITE

EART

HEX

PLOR

ATIO

N-

SATE

LLIT

E (p

assiv

e)SP

ACE

RESE

ARCH

(pas

sive)

INTE

R-SA

TELL

ITE

SPAC

E RE

SEAR

CH(p

assiv

e)EA

RTH

EXPL

ORAT

ION-

SA

TELL

ITE

(pas

sive)

EART

HEX

PLOR

ATIO

N-

SATE

LLIT

E (p

assiv

e)IN

TER-

SATE

LLIT

ESP

ACE

RESE

ARCH

(pas

sive)

EART

H EX

PLOR

ATIO

N-

SATE

LLIT

E (p

assiv

e)SP

ACE

RESE

ARCH

(pas

sive)

FIXED

MOBILE

MOBI

LESA

TELL

ITE

INTE

R-SA

TELL

ITE

SPAC

E RE

SEAR

CH(p

assiv

e)EA

RTH

EXPL

ORAT

ION-

SA

TELL

ITE

(pas

sive)

RADI

OAS

TRON

OMY

FIXE

DMO

BILE

FIXE

D-SA

TELL

ITE

(Ear

th-to-

spac

e)

RADI

OAS

TRON

OMY

SPAC

E RE

SEAR

CH (p

assiv

e)

FIXED

FIXE

D-SA

TELL

ITE

(Ear

th-to-

spac

e)RA

DIO

ASTR

ONOM

Y

MOBILE

FIXE

DMO

BILE

FIXE

D-SA

TELL

ITE

(spac

e-to-

Earth

)

EART

HEX

PLOR

ATIO

N-

SATE

LLIT

E (p

assiv

e)SP

ACE

RESE

ARCH

(pas

sive)

FIXE

D-SA

TELL

ITE

(spac

e-to-

Earth

)

RADI

O-NA

VIGA

TION

RADI

O-NA

VIGA

TION

-SA

TELL

ITE

RADIO-LOCATION

RADI

OLOC

ATIO

NRA

DIOA

STRO

NOMY

Radio

astro

nomy

SPAC

E RE

SEAR

CH(p

assiv

e)RA

DIOA

STRO

NOMY

FIXED

MOBILE

MOBI

LE-S

ATEL

LITE

(Ear

th-to-

spac

e)RA

DIO

ASTR

ONOM

YRA

DION

AVIG

ATIO

N-SA

TELL

ITE

RADI

O NA

VIGA

TION

FIXE

DFIX

ED-S

ATEL

LITE

(Eart

h-to-s

pace

)

NOT A

LLOC

ATED

MOBI

L-ES

ATEL

LITE

(spac

e-to-

Earth

)

RADI

OLOC

ATIO

N

RADI

OLOC

ATIO

N

MOBI

LEFI

XED-

SATE

LLIT

E(sp

ace-

to-Ea

rth)

Amat

eur

FIXE

DFI

XED-

SATE

LLIT

E(sp

ace-

to-Ea

rth)

MOBI

LE

FIXE

D-SA

TELL

ITE

(spac

e-to-

Earth

)

MOBILE-

SATELLITE

(space-to-Earth)

MOBILE

FIXED

MOBI

LE

FIXED

FIXE

D

FIXE

D

30.0

31.0

31.3

31.8

32.3

33.0

33.4

34.2

34.7

35.5

36.0

37.0

37.5

38.0

38.6

39.5

40.0

40.5

41.0

42.0

42.5

43.5

45.5

46.9

47.0

47.2

48.2

50.2

50.4

51.4

52.6

54.25

55

.78

56.9

57.0

58.2

59.0

59.3

64.0

65.0

66.0

71.0

74.0

76.0

77.0

77.5

78.0

81.0

84.0

86.0

92.0

94.0

94.1

95.0

100.0

10

2.0

105.0

10

9.5

111.8

114.2

5 11

6.0

122.2

5 12

3.0

130.0

13

4.0

136.0

14

1.0

148.5

15

1.5

155.5

15

8.5

164.0

16

7.0

174.5

17

4.8

182.0

18

5.0

190.0

19

1.8

200.0

20

9.0

217.0

22

6.0

231.5

23

2.0

235.0

23

8.0

240.0

24

1.0

248.0

25

0.0

252.0

26

5.0

275.0

30

0.0

30GHz 300 GHz

Amateur

-sate

llite

Amateur

-satellite

Amateur

-satellite

RADIOASTRONOMY

RADIO

ASTRO

NOMY

RADIO

ASTRO

NOMY

RADIO

ASTRO

NOMY

BRO

ADC

ASTI

NG

SATE

LLIT

E

SPAC

E RE

SEAR

CH(sp

ace-

to-Ea

rth)

RADI

ONAV

IGAT

ION-

SATE

LLIT

ERA

DIO-

NAVI

GATI

ON-

SATE

LLIT

E

Spac

e res

earch

(spac

e-to-

Earth

)

Spac

e res

earch

(spac

e-to-

Earth

) RADIO

ASTRO

NOMY

RADIO

ASTRO

NOMY

ISM - 6.78 ± .015 MHz ISM - 13.560 ± .007 MHz ISM - 27.12 ± .163 MHz

ISM - 40.68 ± .02 MHz

3 GHzISM - 915.0± .13 MHz ISM - 2450.0± .50 MHz

3 GHz

ISM - 122.5± 0.500 GHz

This chart is a graphic single-point-in-time portrayal of the Table of Frequency Allocations used by the FCC and NTIA. As such, it does not completely reflect all aspects, i.e. footnotes and recent changes made to the Table of Frequency Allocations. Therefore, for complete information, users should consult the Table to determine the current status of U.S. allocations.

For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing OfficeInternet: bookstore.gpo.gov Phone toll free (866) 512-1800; Washington, DC area (202) 512-1800

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ISM - 61.25± 0.25 GHz ISM - 245.0± 1 GHz

AERONAUTICALMOBILE

AERONAUTICALMOBILE SATELLITE

AERONAUTICALRADIONAVIGATION

AMATEUR

AMATEUR SATELLITE

BROADCASTING

BROADCASTINGSATELLITE

EARTH EXPLORATIONSATELLITE

FIXED

FIXED SATELLITE

INTER-SATELLITE

LAND MOBILE

LAND MOBILESATELLITE

MARITIME MOBILESATELLITE

MARITIMERADIONAVIGATION

METEOROLOGICAL

METEOROLOGICALSATELLITE

MARITIME MOBILE

MOBILE

MOBILE SATELLITE

RADIO ASTRONOMY

RADIODETERMINATIONSATELLITE

RADIOLOCATION

RADIOLOCATION SATELLITE

RADIONAVIGATION

RADIONAVIGATION SATELLITE

SPACE OPERATION

SPACE RESEARCH

STANDARD FREQUENCY AND TIME SIGNAL

STANDARD FREQUENCY AND TIME SIGNAL SATELLITE

MOBIL

E SAT

ELLIT

E(sp

ace-t

o-Eart

h)FI

XED

MOB

ILE

BROA

DCAS

TING

SATE

LLIT

E

RADI

OAS

TRON

OMY

MOBI

LE

FIXED

Radio

locat

ion

Radiolocation

FIX

ED

RADI

O AS

TRON

OMY

MOBI

LE

LAND MOBILE

Radio

locat

ion

FIXED-SATELLITE (space-to-Earth)

FIXE

DME

TEOR

OLOG

ICAL

- S

ATEL

LITE

(spac

e-to-E

arth)

RADI

OLOC

ATIO

N

RADI

OAS

TRON

OMY

RADI

OAS

TRON

OMY

RADI

OAS

TRON

OMY MO

BILE

MOBI

LEFIX

ED FIXED

RADI

OAS

TRON

OMY

RADI

OAS

TRON

OMY

RADI

OAS

TRON

OMY

RADI

OAS

TRON

OMY Ra

dioloc

ation

Radio

locati

on

Radio

locati

on

Radio

locati

on

RADI

O AS

TRON

OMYTHIS CHART WAS CREATED

BY DELMON C. MORRISONJUNE 1, 2011

UNITEDSTATES

THE RADIO SPECTRUM

NON-GOVERNMENT EXCLUSIVE

GOVERNMENT/NON-GOVERNMENT SHAREDGOVERNMENT EXCLUSIVE

RADIO SERVICES COLOR LEGEND

ACTIVITY CODE

PLEASE NOTE: THE SPACING ALLOTTED THE SERVICES IN THE SPECTRUM SEGMENTS SHOWN IS NOT PROPORTIONAL TO THE ACTUAL AMOUNT OF SPECTRUM OCCUPIED.

ALLOCATION USAGE DESIGNATIONSERVICE EXAMPLE DESCRIPTION

Primary FIXED Capital LettersSecondary Mobile 1st Capital with lower case letters

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCENational Telecommunications and Information AdministrationOffice of Spectrum Management

August 2011

* EXCEPT AERONAUTICAL MOBILE (R)

** EXCEPT AERONAUTICAL MOBILE

ALLOCATIONSFREQUENCY

STAN

DARD

FRE

QUEN

CY A

ND T

IME

SIGN

AL (2

0 kHz

)

FIXED

MARITIME MOBILE

Radiolocation

FIXED

MARITIMEMOBILE

FIXED

MARITIMEMOBILE

MARITIMEMOBILE

FIXED AER

ON

AUTI

CAL

R

ADIO

NAV

IGAT

ION Aeronautical

Mobile

AERONAUTICALRADIONAVIGATION

Mariti

meRa

diona

vigati

on(ra

diobe

acon

s)Ae

rona

utica

l Mo

bile

AERO

NAUT

ICAL

RA

DION

AVIG

ATIO

N

Aero

nauti

cal R

adion

aviga

tion

(radio

beac

ons)

NOT ALLOCATED RADIONAVIGATION

MARITIME MOBILE

FIXED

Fixed

FIXED

MARITIME MOBILE

3 kHz

MARI

TIME

RAD

IONA

VIGA

TION

(radio

beac

ons)

3 9 14 19.9

5

20.0

5

59 61 70 90 110

130

160

190

200

275

285

300

Radiolocation

300 kHz

FIXED

MARITIME MOBILE

STAN

DARD

FRE

QUEN

CY A

ND T

IME

SIGN

AL (6

0 kHz

)

AeronauticalRadionavigation(radiobeacons)

MARITIMERADIONAVIGATION

(radiobeacons)

Aero

naut

ical

Mobil

eMa

ritime

Radio

navig

ation

(radio

beac

ons) Aeronautical

Mobile

Aero

naut

ical M

obile

RADI

ONAV

IGAT

ION

AER

ONAU

TICA

LRA

DION

AVIG

ATIO

NM

ARIT

IME

MOB

ILE

AeronauticalRadionavigation

MAR

ITIM

E M

OBIL

E

MOB

ILE

BROADCASTING(AM RADIO)

MARI

TIME

MOB

ILE

(telep

hony

) MOBILE

FIXED STAN

DARD

FRE

Q. A

ND T

IME

SIGN

AL (2

500k

Hz)

FIXED

AERO

NAUT

ICAL

MOBI

LE (R

)

RADIO-LOCATION

FIXED

MOBILE

AMAT

EUR

RADI

OLOC

ATIO

N

MOBI

LEFI

XED

MARI

TIME

MOBI

LE

MARI

TIME

MOB

ILE

FIXED

MOBI

LEBR

OADC

ASTI

NG

AER

ONAU

TICA

LRA

DION

AVIG

ATIO

N(ra

diobe

acon

s)

MOBI

LE (d

istre

ss a

nd c

alling

)

MAR

ITIM

E M

OBIL

E(s

hips o

nly)

AERO

NAUT

ICAL

RADI

ONAV

IGAT

ION

(radio

beac

ons)

AERO

NAUT

ICAL

RADI

ONAV

IGAT

ION

MARI

TIME

MOB

ILE

(telep

hony

)

MOBILEexcept aeronautical mobile

MOBI

LEex

cept

aeron

autic

al mo

bile

MOBILE

MOBI

LE

MARI

TIME

MOB

ILE

MOBI

LE (d

istre

ss a

nd ca

lling)

MARI

TIME

MOB

ILE

MOBILEexcept aeronautical mobile

BROADCASTING

AERONAUTICALRADIONAVIGATION

(radiobeacons)

Non-Federal Travelers Information Stations (TIS), a mobile service, are authorized in the 535-1705 kHz band. Federal TIS operates at 1610 kHz.300 kHz 3 MHz

MaritimeMobile

3MHz 30 MHz

AERO

NAUT

ICAL

MOBI

LE (O

R)

FIXE

DM

OBIL

Eex

cept

aer

onau

tical

mob

ile (R

)

FIXED

MOBILEexcept aeronautical

mobile

AERO

NAUT

ICAL

MOBI

LE (R

)

AMATEUR MAR

ITIM

E M

OBIL

EFI

XED

MARITIMEMOBILE

FIXE

DM

OBIL

Eex

cept

aer

onau

tical

mob

ile (R

)

AERO

NAUT

ICAL

MOB

ILE (R

)

AERO

NAUT

ICAL

MOB

ILE (O

R)

MOB

ILE

exce

pt a

eron

autic

al m

obile

(R)

FIXE

D

STAN

DARD

FRE

QUEN

CY A

ND TI

ME S

IGNA

L (5 M

Hz)

FIXE

DM

OBIL

E

FIXE

D

FIXED

AERO

NAUT

ICAL

MOB

ILE

(R)

AERO

NAUT

ICAL

MOB

ILE (O

R) FIXE

DM

OBIL

Eex

cept

aer

onau

tical

mob

ile (R

)

MAR

ITIM

E M

OBIL

E

AERO

NAUT

ICAL

MOB

ILE

(R)

AERO

NAUT

ICAL

MOB

ILE (O

R) FIXE

D

AMAT

EUR

SATE

LLIT

EAM

ATEU

R

AMAT

EUR

BR

OA

DC

AS

TIN

G

FIXED

MOBILEexcept aeronautical

mobile (R)

MAR

ITIM

E M

OBIL

EFI

XE

D

AERO

NAUT

ICAL

MOB

ILE

(R)

AERO

NAUT

ICAL

MOB

ILE (O

R)

FIXE

D

BR

OA

DC

AS

TIN

G

FIXE

DST

ANDA

RD F

REQU

ENCY

AND

TIME

SIG

NAL (

10 M

Hz)

AERO

NAUT

ICAL

MOB

ILE (R

)AM

ATEU

R

FIXED

Mobileexcept

aeronautical mobile (R)

AERO

NAUT

ICAL

MOB

ILE (O

R)

AERO

NAUT

ICAL

MOB

ILE

(R)

FIXE

D

BROA

DCAS

TING

FIXE

D

MAR

ITIM

EM

OBIL

E

AERO

NAUT

ICAL

MOB

ILE (O

R)

AERO

NAUT

ICAL

MOB

ILE

(R)

RADI

O AS

TRON

OMY

F

IXE

DM

obile

exce

pt a

eron

autic

al m

obile

(R)

BROA

DCAS

TING

F

IXE

DM

obile

exce

pt a

eron

autic

al m

obile

(R)

AMAT

EUR

Mob

ileex

cept

aer

onau

tical

mob

ile (R

)

FIX

ED

STAN

DARD

FRE

QUEN

CY A

ND TI

ME S

IGNA

L (15

MHz

)AE

RONA

UTIC

AL M

OBIL

E (O

R)

BROA

DCAS

TING

MAR

ITIM

EM

OBIL

E

AERO

NAUT

ICAL

MOB

ILE

(R)

AERO

NAUT

ICAL

MOB

ILE (O

R)

FIX

EDAM

ATEU

R SA

TELL

ITE

AMAT

EUR

SATE

LLIT

E

FIX

ED

3.0

3.155

3.2

3 3.4

3.5

4.0

4.0

63

4.438

4.6

5 4.7

4.7

5 4.8

5 4.9

95

5.005

5.0

6 5.4

5 5.6

8 5.7

3 5.5

9 6.2

6.5

25

6.85

6.765

7.0

7.1

7.3

7.4

8.1

8.1

95

8.815

8.9

65

9.04

9.4

9.9

9.995

1.0

05

1.01

10.15

11

.175

11.27

5 11

.4 11

.6 12

.1 12

.23

13.2

13.26

13

.36

13.41

13

.57

13.87

14

.0 14

.25

14.35

14

.99

15.01

15

.1 15

.8 16

.36

17.41

17

.48

17.9

17.97

18

.03

18.06

8 18

.168

18.78

18

.9 19

.02

19.68

19

.8 19

.99

20.01

21

.0 21

.45

21.85

21

.924

22.0

22.85

5 23

.0 23

.2 23

.35

24.89

24

.99

25.01

25

.07

25.21

25

.33

25.55

25

.67

26.1

26.17

5 26

.48

26.95

26

.96

27.23

27

.41

27.54

28

.0 29

.7 29

.8 29

.89

29.91

30

.0

BROA

DCAS

TING

MAR

ITIM

E M

OBIL

E

BROA

DCAS

TING

F

IXE

D

F

IXE

D

MAR

ITIM

E M

OBIL

E

F

IXE

D

STAN

DARD

FRE

QUEN

CY A

ND TI

ME S

IGNA

L (20

MHz

)M

obile

Mob

ile

F

IXE

D

BROA

DCAS

TING

F

IXE

D

AERO

NAUT

ICAL

MOB

ILE

(R)

MAR

ITIM

E M

OBIL

E

AMAT

EUR

SATE

LLIT

EAM

ATEU

R

F

IXE

D

Mob

ileex

cept

aer

onau

tical

mob

ile (R

)

FIX

ED

AERO

NAUT

ICAL

MOB

ILE

(OR)

MOB

ILE

exce

pt a

eron

autic

al m

obile

F

IXE

D

AMAT

EUR

SATE

LLIT

EAM

ATEU

RST

ANDA

RD F

REQ.

AND

TIME

SIG

NAL (

25 M

Hz)

LAN

D M

OBIL

EM

ARIT

IME

MOB

ILE

LAN

D M

OBIL

E

F

IXE

DM

OBIL

E exc

ept a

erona

utical m

obile

RADI

O AS

TRON

OMY

BROA

DCAS

TING

MAR

ITIM

E M

OBIL

E

LAN

D M

OBIL

E

MOB

ILE

exce

pt a

eron

autic

al m

obile

MOB

ILE

excep

t aero

nautic

al mob

ile

FIX

ED

LAN

D M

OBIL

E

F

IXE

DM

OBIL

Eex

cept

aer

onau

tical

mob

ile

F

IXE

D

F

IXE

D

MOB

ILE

F

IXE

D

AMAT

EUR

SATE

LLIT

EAM

ATEU

R

LAN

D M

OBIL

E

FIX

ED

F

IXE

D M

OBIL

E

F

IXE

D

AMAT

EUR

MOB

ILE

exce

pt a

eron

autic

al m

obile

(R)

AMAT

EUR

F

IXE

DBROA

DCAS

TING

MAR

ITIM

E M

OBIL

E

MOBILEexcept aeronautical

mobile

300

325

335

405

415

435

495

505

510

525

535

1605

16

15

1705

18

00

1900

20

00

2065

21

07

2170

21

73.5

2190

.5 21

94

2495

25

05

2850

30

00

30 MHz 300 MHz

FIXE

DM

OBIL

E

LAND

MOB

ILE

MOB

ILE

MOB

ILE

MOB

ILE

LAND

MOB

ILE

LAND

MOB

ILE

FIXE

D

FIXE

D

FIXE

D

FIXE

D

FIXE

D

FIXE

D

LAND

MOB

ILE LA

ND M

OBIL

ERa

dio a

stron

omy

FIXE

DM

OBIL

EFI

XED

MOB

ILE

LAND

MOB

ILE

MOB

ILE

FIXE

D

FIXE

DLA

ND M

OBIL

E

LAND

MOB

ILE

FIXE

DM

OBIL

E

LAND

MOB

ILE

FIXE

DM

OBIL

E

AMATEUR BROADCASTING(TV CHANNELS 2-4)

FIXE

DM

OBIL

E

RADIO

ASTRO

NOMY M

OBIL

EFI

XED

AERO

NAUT

ICAL

RAD

IONA

VIGA

TION

MOB

ILE

MOB

ILE

FIXE

DFI

XED

BROADCASTING(TV CHANNELS 5-6)

BROADCASTING(FM RADIO)

AERONAUTICALRADIONAVIGATION

AERO

NAUT

ICAL

MOB

ILE

(R)

AERO

NAUT

ICAL

MOB

ILE

(R)

AERON

AUTIC

AL MO

BILE

AERON

AUTIC

AL MO

BILE

AERON

AUTIC

AL MO

BILE (R

)AER

ONAU

TICAL

MOBIL

E (R)

MOBIL

E-SAT

ELLIT

E(sp

ace-t

o-Eart

h)

MOBIL

E-SAT

ELLIT

E(sp

ace-t

o-Eart

h)

Mobile

-satel

lite(sp

ace-t

o-Eart

h)

Mobile

-satel

lite(sp

ace-t

o-Eart

h)

SPAC

E RES

EARC

H(sp

ace-t

o-Eart

h)SP

ACE R

ESEA

RCH

(spac

e-to-E

arth)

SPAC

E RES

EARC

H(sp

ace-t

o-Eart

h)SP

ACE R

ESEA

RCH

(spac

e-to-E

arth)

SPAC

E OPE

RATIO

N(sp

ace-t

o-Eart

h)SP

ACE O

PERA

TION

(spac

e-to-E

arth)

SPAC

E OPE

RATIO

N(sp

ace-t

o-Eart

h)SP

ACE O

PERA

TION

(spac

e-to-E

arth)

MET.

SATE

LLITE

(spac

e-to-E

arth)

MET.

SATE

LLITE

(spac

e-to-E

arth)

MET.

SATE

LLITE

(spac

e-to-E

arth)

MET.

SATE

LLITE

(spac

e-to-E

arth)

FIXE

DM

OBIL

EAM

ATEU

R- S

ATEL

LITE

AMAT

EUR

AMAT

EUR

FIXE

DM

OBIL

E

MOBIL

E-SAT

ELLIT

E(Ea

rth-to

-spac

e)

FIXE

DM

OBIL

EFI

XED

LAND

MOB

ILE

FIXE

D LA

ND M

OBILE

RA

DIO

NAV

-SAT

ELL

ITE

MAR

ITIME

MOB

ILE

MAR

ITIME

MOB

ILE M

ARITI

ME M

OBILE

MOB

ILE

exce

pt a

eron

autic

al m

obile

FIXE

D LA

ND M

OBILE

MAR

ITIME

MOB

ILE

MOB

ILE

exce

pt a

eron

autic

al m

obile

MAR

ITIME

MOB

ILE (A

IS)

MOB

ILE

exce

pt a

eron

autic

al m

obile

FIXE

D

FIXE

DLa

nd m

obile

FIXE

DM

OBIL

E FIXE

DM

OBIL

E ex

cept

ae

rona

utica

l mob

ile

Mob

ileFI

XED

MOB

ILE

exce

pt a

eron

autic

al m

obile

FIXED

MOBILE

LAND

MOB

ILE

MAR

ITIM

E M

OBIL

E (d

istre

ss, u

rgen

cy, s

afet

y and

callin

g)

MAR

ITIME

MOB

ILE (A

IS)

MOB

ILE

exc

ept a

eron

autic

al m

obile

FIXE

D

Amate

ur

AERO

NAUT

ICAL

MOB

ILE

(R)

MOBIL

E-SAT

ELLIT

E(Ea

rth-to

-spac

e)

BROADCASTING(TV CHANNELS 7 - 13)

FIXE

DAM

ATEU

R

Land m

obile

Fixe

d

30.6

30.56

32

.0 33

.0 34

.0 35

.0 36

.0 37

.0 37

.5 38

.0 38

.25

39.0

40.0

42.0

43.69

46

.6 47

.0 49

.6 50

.0 54

.0 72

.0 73

.0 74

.6 74

.8 75

.2 75

.4 76

.0 88

.0 10

8.0

117.9

75

121.9

375

123.0

875

123.5

875

128.8

125

132.0

125

136.0

13

7.0

137.0

25

137.1

75

137.8

25

138.0

14

4.0

146.0

14

8.0

149.9

15

0.05

150.8

15

2.855

15

4.0

156.2

475

156.7

25

156.8

375

157.0

375

157.1

875

157.4

5 16

1.575

16

1.625

16

1.775

16

1.962

5 16

1.987

5 16

2.012

5 16

3.037

5 17

3.2

173.4

17

4.0

216.0

21

7.0

219.0

22

0.0

222.0

22

5.0

300.0

FIXE

D

Fixe

dLan

d mobil

e

LAND

MOB

ILE

LAND

MOB

ILE

300.0

32

8.6

335.4

39

9.9

400.0

5 40

0.15

401.0

40

2.0

403.0

40

6.0

406.1

41

0.0

420.0

45

0.0

454.0

45

5.0

456.0

46

0.0

462.5

375

462.7

375

467.5

375

467.7

375

470.0

51

2.0

608.0

61

4.0

698.0

76

3.0

775.0

79

3.0

805.0

80

6.0

809.0

84

9.0

851.0

85

4.0

894.0

89

6.0

901.0

90

2.0

928.0

92

9.0

930.0

93

1.0

932.0

93

5.0

940.0

94

1.0

944.0

96

0.0

1164

.0 12

15.0

1240

.0 13

00.0

1350

.0 13

90.0

1392

.0 13

95.0

1400

.0 14

27.0

1429

.5 14

30.0

1432

.0 14

35.0

1525

.0 15

59.0

1610

.0 16

10.6

1613

.8 16

26.5

1660

.0 16

60.5

1668

.4 16

70.0

1675

.0 17

00.0

1710

.0 17

55.0

1850

.0 20

00.0

2020

.0 20

25.0

2110

.0 21

80.0

2200

.0 22

90.0

2300

.0 23

05.0

2310

.0 23

20.0

2345

.0 23

60.0

2390

.0 23

95.0

2417

.0 24

50.0

2483

.5 24

95.0

2500

.0 26

55.0

2690

.0 27

00.0

2900

.0 30

00.0

300 MHz

AERO

NAUT

ICAL

RAD

IONA

VIGA

TION

FIXE

DM

OBIL

E

RAD

IONA

VIGA

TION

SATE

LLITE

MOBI

LE S

ATEL

LITE

(Eart

h-to-s

pace

)

STAN

DARD

FRE

QUEC

Y AN

D TI

ME S

IGNA

L - S

ATEL

LITE

(400

.1 MH

z)ME

T. AIDS

(Radio

sonde

)MO

BILE

SAT

(S-E)

SPAC

E RES

.(S-

E)Sp

ace Op

n. (S

-E)ME

T. SAT

.(S-

E)

MET. A

IDS(Ra

dioson

de)

SPAC

E OPN

. (S

-E)ME

T-SAT

. (E

-S)EA

RTH

EXPL

SAT. (

E-S)

Earth

Expl S

at(E-

S)

Earth

Expl S

at(E-

S)EA

RTH

EXPL

SA

T. (E-S

)ME

T-SAT

. (E

-S)ME

T. AIDS

(Radio

sonde

)

Met-S

atellite

(E-S)

Met-S

atellite

(E-S)

MET

EORO

LOGI

CAL A

IDS

(RAD

IOSO

NDE)

MOB

ILE

SATE

LLIT

E (E

arth

-to-s

pace

)RA

DIO

ASTR

ONOM

YFI

XED

MOB

ILE

FIXE

DM

OBIL

ESP

ACE

RES

EARC

H (s

pace

-to-sp

ace)

RADI

OLOC

ATIO

NAm

ateu

r

LAND

MOB

ILE

FIXE

DLA

ND M

OBIL

ELA

ND M

OBIL

EFI

XED

LAND

MOB

ILE

MeteorologicalSatellite

(space-to-Earth)

LAND

MOB

ILEFI

XED

LAND

MOB

ILE

FIXE

D LA

ND M

OBILE

LAND

MOB

ILE

LAND

MOB

ILEFI

XED

BROADCASTING(TV CHANNELS 14 - 20)

FIXEDBROADCASTING

(TV CHANNELS 21-36)

LAN

D M

OB

ILE

(med

ical

tele

met

ry a

ndm

edic

al te

leco

mm

and)

RADI

O AS

TRON

OMY

BROADCASTING(TV CHANNELS 38-51)

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th-to-

spac

e)

RADI

OLOC

ATIO

NMA

RITI

MERA

DION

AVIG

ATIO

N

AERO

NAUT

ICAL

RAD

IONA

VIGA

TION

INTE

R-SA

TELL

ITE

Inter-satellite

Earthexploration -

satellite (active)

FIXE

DFIXE

D-SA

TELL

ITE

(Ear

th-to-

spac

e)

FIXED

Spac

e res

earch

Radio

locat

ionRa

dioloc

ation

Radio

locat

ion

RADI

OLOC

ATIO

N

RADI

OLOC

ATIO

N

Earthexploration-

satellite (active)

3.0

3.1

3.3

3.5

3.6

3.65

3.7

4.2

4.4

4.5

4.8

4.94

4.99

5.0

5.01

5.03

5.15

5.25

5.255

5.3

5 5.4

6 5.4

7 5.5

7 5.6

5.6

5 5.8

3 5.8

5 5.9

25

6.425

6.5

25

6.7

6.875

7.0

25

7.075

7.1

25

7.145

7.1

9 7.2

35

7.25

7.3

7.45

7.55

7.75

7.85

7.9

8.025

8.1

75

8.215

8.4

8.4

5 8.5

8.5

5 8.6

5 9.0

9.2

9.3

9.5

9.8

10

.0 10

.45

10.5

10.55

10

.6 10

.68

10.7

11.7

12.2

12.7

13.25

13

.4 13

.75

14.0

14.2

14.4

14.5

14.71

45

14.8

15.13

65

15.35

15

.4 15

.43

15.63

15

.7 16

.6 17

.1 17

.2 17

.3 17

.7 17

.8 18

.3 18

.6 18

.8 19

.3 19

.7 20

.2 21

.2 21

.4 22

.0 22

.21

22.5

22.55

23

.55

23.6

24.0

24.05

24

.25

24.45

24

.65

24.75

25

.05

25.25

25

.5 27

.0 27

.5 29

.5 30

.0

MOBI

LE

FIXE

D-SA

TELL

ITE

(spac

e-to-

Earth

)

FIXE

D-SA

TELL

ITE

(spac

e-to-

Earth

)

FIXE

D-SA

TELL

ITE

(Ear

th-to-

spac

e)

Earthexploration -

satellite (active)

Amat

eur-s

atell

ite(s

pace

-to-E

arth

)

FIXE

D-SA

TELL

ITE

(Ear

th-to-

spac

e)

FIXE

D -

SATE

LLIT

E(E

arth-

to-sp

ace)

MOBI

LE -

SATE

LLIT

E(E

arth-

to-sp

ace)

Standard Frequency and

Time SignalSatellite

(space-to-Earth)

FIXE

DMO

BILE

RADI

OAS

TRON

OMY

SPAC

ERE

SEAR

CH

(pas

sive)

EART

HEX

PLOR

ATIO

N -

SATT

ELLIT

E (p

assiv

e)

RADI

ONAV

IGAT

ION

INTE

R-SA

TELL

ITE

RADI

ONAV

IGAT

ION

Radio

locat

ion

FIXE

D

FIXE

D

MOBI

LE

MobileFixed

BROA

DCAS

TING

MOBI

LE

SPAC

E RE

SEAR

CH

(pass

ive)

EART

H EX

PLOR

ATIO

N-SA

TELL

ITE (p

assiv

e)

SPAC

E RE

SEAR

CH (p

assiv

e)EA

RTH

EXPL

ORAT

ION-

SATE

LLIT

E (p

assiv

e)

EART

H EX

PLOR

ATIO

N-SA

TELL

ITE

(pas

sive)

SPAC

ERE

SEAR

CH(p

assiv

e)

MOBILE

FIXED

MOBILESATELLITE(space-to-

Earth)

MOBI

LE-

SATE

LLIT

ERA

DIO

NAVI

GATI

ONRA

DIO

NAVI

GATIO

N-SA

TELL

ITE

FIXED-SATELLITE(space-to-

Earth)

AMAT

EUR

AMAT

EUR-

SATE

LLIT

E

SPACERESEARCH

(passive)

RADIOASTRONOMY

EARTH EXPLORATION-

SATELLITE(passive)

MOBI

LEFI

XED

RADI

O-LO

CATI

ON

INTE

R-SA

TELL

ITE RADIO-

NAVIGATION

RADIO-NAVIGATION-

SATELLITE

AMAT

EUR

AMAT

EUR

- SAT

ELLI

TE

RADI

OLO

CATI

ON

EART

HEX

PLOR

ATIO

N-

SATE

LLIT

E (p

assiv

e)SP

ACE

RESE

ARCH

(pas

sive)SP

ACE

RESE

ARCH

(pas

sive)

RADI

OAS

TRON

OMY

MOBI

LEFI

XED

RADI

OAS

TRON

OMY

INTE

R-SA

TELL

ITE

RADI

ONAV

IGAT

ION

RADI

ONAV

IGAT

ION-

SATE

LLIT

E

SPACERESEARCH

(Passive)

RADI

OAS

TRON

OMY

EARTHEXPLORATION-

SATELLITE(Passive)

MOBI

LEFI

XED

MOBI

LEFI

XED

MOBILE

FIXED

FIXED-SATELLITE

(space-to-Earth)

RADI

OLOC

ATIO

NAM

ATEU

RAM

ATEU

R-SA

TELL

ITE

Amat

eur

Amat

eur-s

atell

ite

EART

H EX

PLOR

ATIO

N-

SATE

LLIT

E (p

assiv

e)

MOBI

LE

SPAC

E RE

SEAR

CH(d

eep

spac

e) (s

pace

-to-E

arth)

MOBI

LE

Mobile-

satellite

(space-to-Earth)

SPACE

RESEARCH

(Earth-to-space)

FIXED-SATELLITE

(space-to-Earth)

BROA

DCAS

TING

-SA

TELL

ITE

INTE

R- S

ATEL

LITE

EART

H EX

PLOR

ATIO

N-SA

TELL

ITE

(pas

sive)

SPAC

E RE

SEAR

CH

(pass

ive)

FIXE

DMO

BILE

**

SPAC

ERE

SEAR

CH(p

assiv

e)

EART

HEX

PLOR

ATIO

N-SA

TELL

ITE

(pas

sive)

RADI

ONAV

IGAT

ION

RADI

O-LO

CATI

ONSP

ACE

RESE

ARCH

(dee

p sp

ace)

(Ear

th-to-

spac

e)Ra

dio-

locat

ion

Spac

e res

earch

(dee

p sp

ace)

(Ear

th-to-

spac

e)

Radio

locat

ionRA

DIOL

OCAT

ION

EART

H

EXPL

ORAT

ION

-

SATT

ELLIT

E (a

ctive

)

RADIOLOCATION

SPACERESEARCH

(active)

Earth

explo

ratio

n -sa

ttellit

e (ac

tive)

Radiolocation

Spaceresearch (active)

EART

H EX

PLOR

ATIO

N -

SATE

LLIT

E(p

assiv

e)FI

XED

MOBI

LESP

ACE

RESE

ARCH

(p

assiv

e) SPAC

E RE

SEAR

CH(sp

ace-

to-Ea

rth) FIXE

DMO

BILE

FIXE

D-SA

TELL

ITE

(spa

ce-to

-Ear

th)

EART

H E

XPLO

RATI

ONSA

TELL

ITE

(Ear

th-to-

spac

e)

Earth

explo

ration

satel

lite(sp

ace-t

o-Eart

h)

FIXED-SATELLITE(space-to-Earth)

FIXEDMOBILE

BROA

DCAS

TING

-SA

TELL

ITE

BROA

DCAS

TING

FIXED

- SA

TELL

ITE(sp

ace-t

o-Eart

h)

FIXE

DMO

BILE

BROA

DCAS

TING

BROA

DCAS

TING

SAT

ELLIT

E

FIXE

DMO

BILE

**FIX

ED-S

ATEL

LITE

(EAR

TH-to

-spac

e)RA

DIO

ASTR

ONOM

Y

FIXED

-SAT

ELLIT

E (Ea

rth-to

-spac

e)MO

BILE

-SAT

ELLIT

E (E

arth-

to-sp

ace)

MOBI

LEMO

BILE

-SAT

ELLIT

E (E

arth-

to-sp

ace)

MOBI

LE-S

ATEL

LITE

(Ear

th-to-

spac

e)MO

BILE

FIXE

D

FIXE

DMO

BILE

FIXE

D-SA

TELL

ITE

(Ear

th-to-

spac

e)

FIXE

DMO

BILE

FIXE

D-SA

TELL

ITE

(Ear

th-to-

spac

e)

MOBI

LE-S

ATEL

LITE

(Ear

th-to-

spac

e)

FIXED

MOBILE

FIXE

D-SA

TELL

ITE

(Ear

th-to-

spac

e)

EART

H EX

PLOR

ATIO

N-SA

TELL

ITE

(pas

sive)

SPAC

E RE

SEAR

CH (p

assiv

e)

INTE

R- S

ATEL

LITE

INTE

R- S

ATEL

LITE

EART

H EX

PLOR

ATIO

N-SA

TELL

ITE

(pas

sive)

SPAC

E RE

SEAR

CH (p

assiv

e)

FIXED

MOBILE

EART

H EX

PLOR

ATIO

N-SA

TELL

ITE

(pas

sive)

SPAC

E RE

SEAR

CH (p

assiv

e)IN

TER-

SAT

ELLI

TE

FIXED

MOBILE

INTE

R- S

ATEL

LITE

EART

H EX

PLOR

ATIO

N-SA

TELL

ITE

(pas

sive)

SPAC

E RE

SEAR

CH (p

assiv

e)

MOBILE

FIXED

RADI

O-LO

CATI

ON

INTE

R- S

ATEL

LITE

FIXE

DMO

BILE

INTE

R- S

ATEL

LITE

INTE

R- S

ATEL

LITE

EART

H EX

PLOR

ATIO

N-SA

TELL

ITE

SPAC

E RE

SEAR

CH

FIXE

DMO

BILE

**

INTE

R- S

ATEL

LITE

MOBI

LE

BROA

DCAS

TING

FIXED- SATELLITE(space-to-

Earth)

Spaceresearch

(space-to-Earth)

MOBILE

Amat

eur

RADI

OAS

TRON

OMY

RADI

OLOC

ATIO

NSp

ace r

esea

rch(sp

ace-

to-Ea

rth)

Amat

eur

RADI

OLOC

ATIO

NSp

ace r

esea

rch(sp

ace-

to-Ea

rth)

AMAT

EUR

RADI

OLOC

ATIO

N

FIXED-SATELLITE

(Earth-to-space)

MOBILE-SATELLITE(Earth-to-space)

Spaceresearch

(space-to-Earth)

FIXED

MOBILE

FIXED-SATELLITE

(Earth-to-space)

FIXED

MOBILE

EARTHEXPLORATION-

SATELLITE(active)

SPACERESEARCH

(active)

RADIO-LOCATION

RADI

O-LO

CATI

ONMO

BILE

FIXE

D

FIXED

MOBILE

RADIOASTRONOMY

RADIO-LOCATION

RADIO-NAVIGATION

RADIO-NAVIGATION-

SATELLITE

RADI

OAS

TRON

OMY

SPAC

ERE

SEAR

CH(p

assiv

e)EA

RTH

EXPL

ORAT

ION-

SATE

LLIT

E (p

assiv

e)

SPAC

ERE

SEAR

CH(p

assiv

e)

FIXE

DMO

BILE

SPAC

ERE

SEAR

CH(p

assiv

e)

EART

HEX

PLOR

ATIO

N-SA

TELL

ITE

(pas

sive)

SPAC

ERE

SEAR

CH(p

assiv

e)EA

RTH

EXPL

ORAT

ION-

SATE

LLIT

E (p

assiv

e)

SPAC

ERE

SEAR

CH(p

assiv

e)IN

TER-

SATE

LLIT

E

FIXE

DMO

BILE

Amat

eur FIXED-

SATELLITE(space-to-Earth)

MOBILE-

SATELLITE

(space-to-Earth)

Radioastronomy FIXED

MOBILE

INTER-SATELLITE

EART

HEX

PLOR

ATIO

N-SA

TELL

ITE

(acti

ve)

RADI

OAS

TRON

OMY

Radio

astro

nomy

Amat

eur -

sate

llite

Amat

eur

FIXE

DMO

BILE

RADI

O AS

TRON

OMY

SPAC

E RE

SEAR

CH(p

assiv

e)RA

DIO

ASTR

ONOM

YEA

RTH

EXPL

ORAT

ION-

SATE

LLIT

E (p

assiv

e)

FIXE

DMO

BILE

RADI

O AS

TRON

OMY

RADI

OLOC

ATIO

NEA

RTH

EXPL

ORAT

ION-

SATE

LLIT

E (p

assiv

e)

FIXED

RADI

O A

STRO

NOMY

FIXE

D-SA

TELL

ITE

(spac

e-to-

Earth

)

MOBI

LE-

SATE

LLIT

E(sp

ace-

to-Ea

rth)

FIXE

DMO

BILE

FIXE

DMO

BILE

FIXE

D-SA

TELL

ITE

(spac

e-to-

Earth

)

INTE

R-SA

TELL

ITE

EART

HEX

PLOR

ATIO

N-

SATE

LLIT

E (p

assiv

e)SP

ACE

RESE

ARCH

(pas

sive)

INTE

R-SA

TELL

ITE

SPAC

E RE

SEAR

CH(p

assiv

e)EA

RTH

EXPL

ORAT

ION-

SA

TELL

ITE

(pas

sive)

EART

HEX

PLOR

ATIO

N-

SATE

LLIT

E (p

assiv

e)IN

TER-

SATE

LLIT

ESP

ACE

RESE

ARCH

(pas

sive)

EART

H EX

PLOR

ATIO

N-

SATE

LLIT

E (p

assiv

e)SP

ACE

RESE

ARCH

(pas

sive)

FIXED

MOBILE

MOBI

LESA

TELL

ITE

INTE

R-SA

TELL

ITE

SPAC

E RE

SEAR

CH(p

assiv

e)EA

RTH

EXPL

ORAT

ION-

SA

TELL

ITE

(pas

sive)

RADI

OAS

TRON

OMY

FIXE

DMO

BILE

FIXE

D-SA

TELL

ITE

(Ear

th-to-

spac

e)

RADI

OAS

TRON

OMY

SPAC

E RE

SEAR

CH (p

assiv

e)

FIXED

FIXE

D-SA

TELL

ITE

(Ear

th-to-

spac

e)RA

DIO

ASTR

ONOM

Y

MOBILE

FIXE

DMO

BILE

FIXE

D-SA

TELL

ITE

(spac

e-to-

Earth

)

EART

HEX

PLOR

ATIO

N-

SATE

LLIT

E (p

assiv

e)SP

ACE

RESE

ARCH

(pas

sive)

FIXE

D-SA

TELL

ITE

(spac

e-to-

Earth

)

RADI

O-NA

VIGA

TION

RADI

O-NA

VIGA

TION

-SA

TELL

ITE

RADIO-LOCATION

RADI

OLOC

ATIO

NRA

DIOA

STRO

NOMY

Radio

astro

nomy

SPAC

E RE

SEAR

CH(p

assiv

e)RA

DIOA

STRO

NOMY

FIXED

MOBILE

MOBI

LE-S

ATEL

LITE

(Ear

th-to-

spac

e)RA

DIO

ASTR

ONOM

YRA

DION

AVIG

ATIO

N-SA

TELL

ITE

RADI

O NA

VIGA

TION

FIXE

DFIX

ED-S

ATEL

LITE

(Eart

h-to-s

pace

)

NOT A

LLOC

ATED

MOBI

L-ES

ATEL

LITE

(spac

e-to-

Earth

)

RADI

OLOC

ATIO

N

RADI

OLOC

ATIO

N

MOBI

LEFI

XED-

SATE

LLIT

E(sp

ace-

to-Ea

rth)

Amat

eur

FIXE

DFI

XED-

SATE

LLIT

E(sp

ace-

to-Ea

rth)

MOBI

LE

FIXE

D-SA

TELL

ITE

(spac

e-to-

Earth

)

MOBILE-

SATELLITE

(space-to-Earth)

MOBILE

FIXED

MOBI

LE

FIXED

FIXE

D

FIXE

D

30.0

31.0

31.3

31.8

32.3

33.0

33.4

34.2

34.7

35.5

36.0

37.0

37.5

38.0

38.6

39.5

40.0

40.5

41.0

42.0

42.5

43.5

45.5

46.9

47.0

47.2

48.2

50.2

50.4

51.4

52.6

54.25

55

.78

56.9

57.0

58.2

59.0

59.3

64.0

65.0

66.0

71.0

74.0

76.0

77.0

77.5

78.0

81.0

84.0

86.0

92.0

94.0

94.1

95.0

100.0

10

2.0

105.0

10

9.5

111.8

114.2

5 11

6.0

122.2

5 12

3.0

130.0

13

4.0

136.0

14

1.0

148.5

15

1.5

155.5

15

8.5

164.0

16

7.0

174.5

17

4.8

182.0

18

5.0

190.0

19

1.8

200.0

20

9.0

217.0

22

6.0

231.5

23

2.0

235.0

23

8.0

240.0

24

1.0

248.0

25

0.0

252.0

26

5.0

275.0

30

0.0

30GHz 300 GHz

Amateur

-sate

llite

Amateur

-satellite

Amateur

-satellite

RADIOASTRONOMY

RADIO

ASTRO

NOMY

RADIO

ASTRO

NOMY

RADIO

ASTRO

NOMY

BRO

ADC

ASTI

NG

SATE

LLIT

E

SPAC

E RE

SEAR

CH(sp

ace-

to-Ea

rth)

RADI

ONAV

IGAT

ION-

SATE

LLIT

ERA

DIO-

NAVI

GATI

ON-

SATE

LLIT

E

Spac

e res

earch

(spac

e-to-

Earth

)

Spac

e res

earch

(spac

e-to-

Earth

) RADIO

ASTRO

NOMY

RADIO

ASTRO

NOMY

ISM - 6.78 ± .015 MHz ISM - 13.560 ± .007 MHz ISM - 27.12 ± .163 MHz

ISM - 40.68 ± .02 MHz

3 GHzISM - 915.0± .13 MHz ISM - 2450.0± .50 MHz

3 GHz

ISM - 122.5± 0.500 GHz

This chart is a graphic single-point-in-time portrayal of the Table of Frequency Allocations used by the FCC and NTIA. As such, it does not completely reflect all aspects, i.e. footnotes and recent changes made to the Table of Frequency Allocations. Therefore, for complete information, users should consult the Table to determine the current status of U.S. allocations.

For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing OfficeInternet: bookstore.gpo.gov Phone toll free (866) 512-1800; Washington, DC area (202) 512-1800

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ISM - 61.25± 0.25 GHz ISM - 245.0± 1 GHz

AERONAUTICALMOBILE

AERONAUTICALMOBILE SATELLITE

AERONAUTICALRADIONAVIGATION

AMATEUR

AMATEUR SATELLITE

BROADCASTING

BROADCASTINGSATELLITE

EARTH EXPLORATIONSATELLITE

FIXED

FIXED SATELLITE

INTER-SATELLITE

LAND MOBILE

LAND MOBILESATELLITE

MARITIME MOBILESATELLITE

MARITIMERADIONAVIGATION

METEOROLOGICAL

METEOROLOGICALSATELLITE

MARITIME MOBILE

MOBILE

MOBILE SATELLITE

RADIO ASTRONOMY

RADIODETERMINATIONSATELLITE

RADIOLOCATION

RADIOLOCATION SATELLITE

RADIONAVIGATION

RADIONAVIGATION SATELLITE

SPACE OPERATION

SPACE RESEARCH

STANDARD FREQUENCY AND TIME SIGNAL

STANDARD FREQUENCY AND TIME SIGNAL SATELLITE

MOBIL

E SAT

ELLIT

E(sp

ace-t

o-Eart

h)FI

XED

MOB

ILE

BROA

DCAS

TING

SATE

LLIT

E

RADI

OAS

TRON

OMY

MOBI

LE

FIXED

Radio

locat

ion

Radiolocation

FIX

ED

RADI

O AS

TRON

OMY

MOBI

LE

LAND MOBILE

Radio

locat

ion

FIXED-SATELLITE (space-to-Earth)

FIXE

DME

TEOR

OLOG

ICAL

- S

ATEL

LITE

(spac

e-to-E

arth)

RADI

OLOC

ATIO

N

RADI

OAS

TRON

OMY

RADI

OAS

TRON

OMY

RADI

OAS

TRON

OMY MO

BILE

MOBI

LEFIX

ED FIXED

RADI

OAS

TRON

OMY

RADI

OAS

TRON

OMY

RADI

OAS

TRON

OMY

RADI

OAS

TRON

OMY Ra

dioloc

ation

Radio

locati

on

Radio

locati

on

Radio

locati

on

RADI

O AS

TRON

OMY

Steve Croft - UC Berkeley / Breakthrough Listen / SETI Institute - GNURadio Conference 2019

Steve Croft - UC Berkeley / Breakthrough Listen / SETI Institute - GNURadio Conference 2019

Steve Croft - UC Berkeley / Breakthrough Listen / SETI Institute - GNURadio Conference 2019

“… he posits many worlds, many Suns, necessarily containing similar things in kind and in species as in this world, and even men …”

Summary of the heresy trial of Giordano Bruno

Mundos esse innumerabiles

Steve Croft - UC Berkeley / Breakthrough Listen / SETI Institute - GNURadio Conference 2019!10

Steve Croft - UC Berkeley / Breakthrough Listen / SETI Institute - GNURadio Conference 2019!11

Steve Croft - UC Berkeley / Breakthrough Listen / SETI Institute - GNURadio Conference 2019

Biosignatures

Steve Croft - UC Berkeley / Breakthrough Listen / SETI Institute - GNURadio Conference 2019

Steve Croft - UC Berkeley / Breakthrough Listen / SETI Institute - GNURadio Conference 2019

!14

Technosignatures

Steve Croft - UC Berkeley / Breakthrough Listen / SETI Institute - GNURadio Conference 2019

Steve Croft - UC Berkeley / Breakthrough Listen / SETI Institute - GNURadio Conference 2019

https://rdcu.be/bRju2

Steve Croft - UC Berkeley / Breakthrough Listen

Steve Croft - UC Berkeley / Breakthrough Listen / SETI Institute - GNURadio Conference 2019

Mike Garrett

Breakthrough Listen

Steve Croft - UC Berkeley / Breakthrough Listen / SETI Institute - GNURadio Conference 2019

Steve Croft - UC Berkeley / Breakthrough Listen / SETI Institute - GNURadio Conference 2019

Steve Croft - UC Berkeley / Breakthrough Listen / SETI Institute - GNURadio Conference 2019

• 12 GHz bandwith • 8 PB storage • 400 TFLOPS • ~750 MB/sec/compute node • Observing ~5 hours a day

(20% time) • Hundreds of TB/day raw data

per day since 1/1/16 - reduced to dynamic spectra at 0.5 TB / hr

Steve Croft - UC Berkeley / Breakthrough Listen / SETI Institute - GNURadio Conference 2019

BL RADIO INFRASTRUCTURE ARXIV.ORG/ABS/1707.06024ARXIV.ORG/ABS/1804.04571ARXIV.ORG/ABS/1906.07391

GREEN BANK DATA PRODUCTS

~3 Hz frequency bin resolution, ~18 second sample time (SETI)

~3 kHz frequency bin resolution, ~1 second sample time (spectral line)

~366 kHz frequency bin resolution, ~349 us sample time (pulsar)

HIGH FREQ. RESOLUTION

MEDIUM RESOLUTION

HIGH TIME RESOLUTION

Steve Croft - UC Berkeley / Breakthrough Listen / SETI Institute - GNURadio Conference 2019

Some GUPPI raw (IQ) data, some hdf5 / filterbank spectrogramspublicly available - working on more

Steve Croft - UC Berkeley / Breakthrough Listen / SETI Institute - GNURadio Conference 2019

The primary goal of CASPER is to streamline and simplify the design flow of radio astronomy instrumentation by promoting design reuse through the development of platform-independent, open-source hardware and software. CASPER hardware and software now powers over 45 radio-astronomy instruments worldwide including some of the largest, most advanced telescopes ever built.

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Steve Croft - UC Berkeley / Breakthrough Listen / SETI Institute - GNURadio Conference 2019

Steve Croft - UC Berkeley / Breakthrough Listen / SETI Institute - GNURadio Conference 2019

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Steve Croft - UC Berkeley / Breakthrough Listen / SETI Institute - GNURadio Conference 2019

Steve Croft - UC Berkeley / Breakthrough Listen / SETI Institute - GNURadio Conference 2019

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Steve Croft - UC Berkeley / Breakthrough Listen / SETI Institute - GNURadio Conference 2019

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Steve Croft - UC Berkeley / Breakthrough Listen / SETI Institute - GNURadio Conference 2019

stellarium.org

Steve Croft - UC Berkeley / Breakthrough Listen / SETI Institute - GNURadio Conference 2019

Steve Croft - UC Berkeley / Breakthrough Listen / SETI Institute - GNURadio Conference 2019

1 PB of public data (spectrograms & IQ) http://seti.berkeley.edu/listen2019

Steve Croft - UC Berkeley / Breakthrough Listen / SETI Institute - GNURadio Conference 2019

Steve Croft - UC Berkeley / Breakthrough Listen / SETI Institute - GNURadio Conference 2019

Kardashev Scale

Wikipedia: Indif

Steve Croft - UC Berkeley / Breakthrough Listen / SETI Institute - GNURadio Conference 2019

HEIMDALL (GPU-ACCELERATED TREE DEDISPERSION)ARXIV.ORG/ABS/1804.04101

Steve Croft - UC Berkeley / Breakthrough Listen / SETI Institute - GNURadio Conference 2019

Steve Croft - UC Berkeley / Breakthrough Listen / SETI Institute - GNURadio Conference 2019

Steve Croft - UC Berkeley / Breakthrough Listen / SETI Institute - GNURadio Conference 2019

seti.berkeley.edu/frb-machine

BL ML WITH CNNS (GERRY ZHANG)ARXIV.ORG/ABS/1809.03043

Steve Croft - UC Berkeley / Breakthrough Listen / SETI Institute - GNURadio Conference 2019

“We’d love to build an anomaly detector or serendipity machine”

– Andrew Siemion

Zhang et al. (2019)http://seti.berkeley.edu/blog/conv-lstm/

Steve Croft - UC Berkeley / Breakthrough Listen / SETI Institute - GNURadio Conference 2019

Steve Croft - UC Berkeley / Breakthrough Listen - GNURadio Conference 2018

http://bit.do/BL_voyager

Steve Croft - UC Berkeley / Breakthrough Listen / SETI Institute - GNURadio Conference 2019

Steve Croft - UC Berkeley / Breakthrough Listen / SETI Institute - GNURadio Conference 2019

bit.do/HowToFindET

Steve Croft - UC Berkeley / Breakthrough Listen / SETI Institute - GNURadio Conference 2019

Steve Croft - UC Berkeley / Breakthrough Listen / SETI Institute - GNURadio Conference 2019

Photo: Arash Roshanineshat

seti.org/hacking-setigithub.com/SETIatHCRO/gr-ata

Steve Croft - UC Berkeley / Breakthrough Listen / SETI Institute - GNURadio Conference 2019

Data from ATA & GBT in SigMF format seti.berkeley.edu/blog/open-data/

Steve Croft - UC Berkeley / Breakthrough Listen / SETI Institute - GNURadio Conference 2019

Next year, in collaboration with SETI Institute / Breakthrough Listen / Berkeley Seti

seti.berkeley.edu/Internship.htmlDeadline: February 2020

Watch @BerkeleySETI for jobs or join our Slack (email scroft@berkeley.edu)

Undergrad internships

Steve Croft - UC Berkeley / Breakthrough Listen / SETI Institute - GNURadio Conference 2019

Steve Croft - UC Berkeley / Breakthrough Listen / SETI Institute - GNURadio Conference 2019

Steve Croft - UC Berkeley / Breakthrough Listen / SETI Institute - GNURadio Conference 2019

“The probability of success is difficult to estimate; but if we never search, the chance of success is zero.”

Cocconi & Morrison, September 19, 1959

Steve Croft - UC Berkeley / Breakthrough Listen / SETI Institute - GNURadio Conference 2019

scroft@berkeley.edu seti.berkeley.edu

bit.do/HowToFindET

@BerkeleySETI

Steve Croft - UC Berkeley / Breakthrough Listen / SETI Institute - GNURadio Conference 2019

Murchison Widefield Array

• Many small antennas → huge field-of-view and excellent image fidelity (arcmin resolution)

• MWA phase 2 upgrade. Doubles number of antennas and array diameter

Tiles 128Dipoles 2048Frequency 80-300 MHzBandwidth 30 MHzResolution >1 arcminMax baseline 3 kmFOV >1000 deg2

RMS Sensitivity ~10 mJy

�606

Perth

~200 km

Geraldton

41,000 sq. km = The Netherlands

MRO (operated by CSIRO)

Pawsey Centre 9 PB storage for MWA

On site: data rate into central building ~60 Gbps

Off site: data rate into science archive was ~3 Gbps, now 100 Gpbs

Population density = 0.002 people/sq. km

FM radio from the moon, detected with MWA

�66From McKinley et al., 2013