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OpenAirInterface ”promoting the development, distribution and adoption of the opesource hardware and software wireless technology platforms” Navid Niakein EURECOM, Mobile Communication Department This work is licensed under a CC attribution Share-Alike 3.0 Unported license.
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Page 1: OpenAirInterface - EURECOM

OpenAirInterface ”promoting the development, distribution and

adoption of the opesource hardware and software wireless technology platforms”

Navid Niakein

EURECOM, Mobile Communication Department

This work is licensed under a CC attribution Share-Alike 3.0 Unported license.

Page 2: OpenAirInterface - EURECOM

OpenAirInterface in a Nutshell

Open-source (hardware and software) wireless technology platforms for deployment of mock network with high level of realism Soft modem: SDR architecture and full GPP System approach with high level of realism Part of FIRE facility: remote access

Current focus 3GPP LTE (unicast and multicast), and a subset of LTE-A features IEEE 802.11p and 802.21 LTE meshing extension

Objectives Open forum for innovation in air-interface technologies and wireless

networking through experimentation Open platforms and proof-of-concepts through real-time prototypes and

scalable emulation platforms Dissemination, education, and training, project

- p 2 ©www.openairinterface.org

Page 3: OpenAirInterface - EURECOM

OAI Wireless technology Platforms

C implementation under realtime Linux optimized for x86 Development and integration methodology

Tight interaction between the system emulation and soft modem

Rich R&D environment: Aeroflex-Geisler LEON/GRLIB, RTAI, Linux, GNU, Wireshark, control and monitoring tools, message and time analyzer, Low-level log processing, traffic generator, profiling tools, soft scope.

- p 3

Simulation/ Emulation

• Link-level • System-level

Soft Modem

Target: x86 arch

• EXMIMO 2 • USRP • EMOS

FPGA Modem

• EXMIMO I • SoC Arch.

Field trail

Simulation

Emulation

Experimentation & Innovations

©www.openairinterface.org

Page 4: OpenAirInterface - EURECOM

OpenAirInterface.org Access Stratum + EPCLite

IoT OAI eNB with a UE dongle (Huawei E392U-12) OAI eNB with smartphone OAI eNB with other EPC

- p 4

UEs eNBs

3GPP layers

MAC

RLC

RRC S1-MME

SCTP

X2AP

IP

Ethernet

UDPPDCP

S1-URRC

NAS

MAC

RLC

Linux IP stack

PDCP

Data PlaneLinux stack

Control Plane

PHYPHY

Ethernet

IP

SCTP

S1-MME

NAS

MME Application

S11 S1-U

S+P-GW Application

GTP-U

MME + S+P-GW

eNB Application

IP packets AT commands

UDP

SGiS6a/Diameter

HSS

GNU GPL License

UE eNB EPC

©www.openairinterface.org

Page 5: OpenAirInterface - EURECOM

Hardware Targets for Openair4G

ExpressMIMO2 Designed and maintained by EURECOM Used by many academia/industrial partners 1.5/5/10/20 MHz, FDD/TDD (MIMO)

USRP B210 Commercial Ettus/National Instruments board Software drivers originally maintained by Orange Labs (Beijing),

now officially supported by Eurecom Not 100% LTE compliant (limited to 6.5Msps)

USRP X300 Coming soon

- p 5 ©www.openairinterface.org

Page 6: OpenAirInterface - EURECOM

Express MIMO 2

RF RX (4 way)

RF TX (4 way)

PCI Express (1 or 4 way)

4xLMS6002D RF ASICs 250 MHz – 3.8 GHz GPIO for external RF control

Spartan 6 LX150T 12V from ATX power supply

©www.openairinterface.org - p 6

Page 7: OpenAirInterface - EURECOM

Software Architecture

- p 7

PCIe

xpre

ss

User Space

Kernel Space

Linux driver (openair_rf.ko)

Octave targets/ARCH/EXMIMO/DRIVER/eurecom

targets/ARCH/EXMIMO/USERSPACE/OCTAVE

Modem control and sync. (lte-softmodem)

Using real-time Linux extension (RTAI,

Xenomai, RT-preemt)

targets/RTAI/USER

targ

ets/

AR

CH

/EXM

IMO

/ U

SE

RS

PA

CE

/LIB

Application

Linux network driver (nas_driver.ko)

Openair2/NAS/DRIVER/MESH/ openair2/NAS/DRIVER/LITE

openair2/NAS/DRIVER/CELLULAR

HW Space Control /

Monitoring

ExpressMIMO2 (LEON)

©www.openairinterface.org

Page 8: OpenAirInterface - EURECOM

Emulator: in-lab system validation platform target: scalability

Input: Description of application scenario Initialization and configuration of all the blocks

Execution: PHY procedures, L2 protocols, traffic generator PHY abstraction, channel model, and mobility model Emulation medium: shared memory

Output: Execution logs System/protocol operation Key performance indicators: latency, jitter, throughput/goodput

Scenario Descriptor

Scenario

Results Dispatcher

Result Gen Console

Traffic Gen. L2 Protocols PHY Procedures

OAI Network Interface

PHY / PHY Abstraction

DRB Config.

Web Portal / Interface

Application Traffic Gen

Channel Descriptor

Channel Trace

Mobility Gen

EMOS

Channel M

odel

Path Loss L3 Protocols Config. Gen.

MSC & VCD

Result Gen.

Log Gen.

Wireshark

Ch. Realization

- p 8 ©www.openairinterface.org

Page 9: OpenAirInterface - EURECOM

CLOUDIFICATION OF OPENAIRINTERFACE

©www.openairinterface.org - p 9

Page 10: OpenAirInterface - EURECOM

Cloud Radio Access Networks

Two main steps :

Soft RAN: to perform RAN functions on the top of general-purpose processor and not dedicated hardware such as DSP, FPGA, or ASIC

Virtual RAN: to perform RAN functions on the top of virtualized cloud platforms sharing computing and storage capacity among different RAN functions

©www.openairinterface.org - p 10

Page 11: OpenAirInterface - EURECOM

Soft RAN x86 Baseband DSP

Challenge : efficient base band unit

OpenAirInterface uses general-purpose x86 processors (GPP) for base-band processing front-end, channel decoding, phy procedures, L2 protocols

Key elements Real-time extensions to Linux OS Real-time data acquisition to PC SIMD optimized integer DSP

– 64-bit MMX → 128-bit SSE2/3/4 → 256-bit AVX2 Parallelism x86-64 : more efficient than legacy x86

- p 11 ©www.openairinterface.org

Page 12: OpenAirInterface - EURECOM

Soft RAN OAI BBU performance

Three targets Intel IvyBridge i5-3470 @ 3.2GHz baseline Intel Xeon E5-1607 v2 @3GHz C-RAN Intel Atom C2758 @2.4GHz small cell

Configuration SISO MCS index: QPSK: 0, 4 , 9 16QAM: 10, 13, 16 64QAM: 17, 22, 27

PRB: 25 (5MHZ), 50 (10MHZ), 100 (20MHZ) gcc 4.7.3, x86-64,1000 frames, full rate, AWGN channel

Not all the possible optimization are exploited

©www.openairinterface.org - p 12

Page 13: OpenAirInterface - EURECOM

OAI BBU performance Intel IvyBridge i5-3470 @ 3.2GHz

©www.openairinterface.org - p 13

0 4 9 10 13 1617 22 270

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

MCS Index

Tim

ing(

us)

OAI BBU DL/UL vs MCS, Tx mode 1

DL: PRB 25UL: PRB 25DL: PRB 50UL: PRB 50DL: PRB 100UL: PRB 100

Page 14: OpenAirInterface - EURECOM

OAI BBU performance Intel Xeon E5-1607 v2@3GHz

©www.openairinterface.org - p 14

0 4 9 10 13 1617 22 270

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

MCS Index

Tim

ing(

us)

OAI BBU DL/UL vs MCS, Tx mode 1

DL: PRB 25UL: PRB 25DL: PRB 50UL: PRB 50DL: PRB 100UL: PRB 100

Page 15: OpenAirInterface - EURECOM

OFDM demod : 109.695927 us

ULSCH demod: 198.603526 us

ULSCH Decoding : 624.602407 us

931 us (<1 core)

OFDM mod : 108.308182 us

DLSCH mod : 176.487999 us

DLSCH scrambling : 123.744984 us

DLSCH encoding : 323.395231 us

730 us (< 1core)

eNB Rx stats (1subframe) eNB Tx stats (1 subframe)

With AVX2 (256-bit SIMD), turbo decoding and FFT processing will be exactly twice as fast 1 core per eNB

Configuration gcc 4.7.3, x86-64 (3 GHz Xeon E5-2690) 20 MHz bandwidth (UL mcs16 – 16QAM, DL mcs 24 – 64QAM,

transmission mode 1 - SISO) 1000 frames, AWGN channel

©www.openairinterface.org - p 15

OAI BBU performance Intel Xeon E5-1607 v2@3GHz

Page 16: OpenAirInterface - EURECOM

OAI BBU performance Intel Atom [email protected]

©www.openairinterface.org - p 16

0 4 9 10 13 1617 22 270

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

7000

MCS Index

Tim

ing(

us)

OAI BBU DL/UL vs MCS, Tx mode 1

DL: PRB 25UL: PRB 25DL: PRB 50UL: PRB 50DL: PRB 100UL: PRB 100

Page 17: OpenAirInterface - EURECOM

Discussion

With the possible/potential optimizations a full software solution would fit with an average of 1 x86 core per

eNB instance Mindful about the energy and realtime operation (potential existence

of missing slots)

using an external HW accelerators Reduce the soft modem computational complexity down to 0.4

cores per eNB and improve energy efficiency Mindful about the bus utilization from the inner-modem to the

hardware and back for further processing

©www.openairinterface.org - p 17

Page 18: OpenAirInterface - EURECOM

Discussion BBU scales with average MCS: load balancing

For a RRH

For a BBU

Num CPU scales with

𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀 ≪ 𝑁𝑁 × 𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚

𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑖𝑖 < 𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚

𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛 𝑀𝑀𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶 ≈ 𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀

- p 18

BBU

3 high-power RRH

Low-power or

RX-only RRH

©www.openairinterface.org

Page 19: OpenAirInterface - EURECOM

Parallelization of OAI BBU efficient use of available CPU cores and process prioritization

©www.openairinterface.org - p 19

BroadbandChannel

Estimates

Digital Baseband Inputs

I[n]

Q[n] Prefix

Extraction FFT

I[k]

Q[k] Channel Compen-

sation

Channel Estimation

Pilot extraction

I[k]

Q[k] LLR Unit

To timing (DAQ) and frequency

correction units, and I/Q imbalance

Channel Decoding

Highest-priority thread

(scheduled every .5 ms)

lower-priority thread

(scheduled every .5 ms)

8 lowest- priority threads

(scheduled every 1 ms if needed)

TX (2n+2), RX (2n-1) RX (2n)

Slot 2n

RXLLR (2n-1)

TX (2n+4), RX (2n+1)

RXLLR (2n)

Slot 2n+1 Slot 2n+2

RX (2n+2)

RXLLR (2n+2)

CPU 0

Slot 2n+3

RXDEC (2n-2)

RXDEC (2n)

RXLLR (2n+1) CPU 1 CPU 2 CPU 3

Page 20: OpenAirInterface - EURECOM

From ExpressMIMO2 to RRH+CPRI Integration

Today, ExpressMIMO2 boards support peak throughput of 2Gbps (Theoretical PCI Express throughput: 2.5Gbps) 1eNB 20MHz 1Tx/1Rx (SISO) ≡ 1Core 1eNB 10MHz 2Tx/2Rx (MIMO) ≡ 1Core 4eNB 5MHz 1Tx/1Rx (SISO) ≡ 1Core

Connection of commercial RRH with OpenAirInterface (future)

20

RF A/D D/A

CPRI + PCIe

DAQ + CPRI

CPRI Switch

Fronthaul OF CPRI (~40Gb Eth)

©www.openairinterface.org

Page 21: OpenAirInterface - EURECOM

Parallel use of ExpressMIMO2 various configurations are possible

16-way

PCIe

Backplane

ExpressMIMO2

ExpressMIMO2

ExpressMIMO2

ExpressMIMO2

ExpressMIMO2

ExpressMIMO2

ExpressMIMO2

ExpressMIMO2

ExpressMIMO2

ExpressMIMO2

ExpressMIMO2

ExpressMIMO2

ExpressMIMO2

ExpressMIMO2

ExpressMIMO2

ExpressMIMO2

16x 2.5Gbit/s =40 Gbit/s peak

16-way PCIe Gen 2

(80 Gbit/s peak)

High-End Intel Xeon

Computing Engine

3GHz Dual-Proc AVX2

20 Parallel Cores

64 RF

+

Antenna

Ports

4

4

4

4

4

4 4

4

4

4

4

4

4

4

4

4

OpenAir4G

RT-Linux

MODEMs

- p 21 ©www.openairinterface.org

Page 22: OpenAirInterface - EURECOM

OAI ECOSYSTEM

- p 22 ©www.openairinterface.org

Page 23: OpenAirInterface - EURECOM

OAI use-cases and avenues supported by our past and on-going projects Standard and non-standard usage of 3GPP LTE systems

Non-standard :IEEE802.21, PMIP and DMM, Exit native IP at the BS

5G evolution path of OAI soft-modem supported by EU/industrial projects Cloudification of radio networks (RAN+EPC) Massive MIMO, and COMP Cognitive networking Software-defined networking and network function virtualization support Support of machine type communications Mesh extension in support of multihop operation Cooperative transmission and MAC Caching strategy at the eNB or S/P-GW Cooperative eMBMS, proximity networking Scalable system experimentation and evaluation RRM policies, handover logic and performance, MIMO performance, traffic

scheduling policy

- p 23 ©www.openairinterface.org

Page 24: OpenAirInterface - EURECOM

Collaborative Web Tools

OpenAirInterface SVN Repositories All development is available through www.openairinterface.org’s SVN

repository (openair4G) containing – OPENAIR0 (open-source real-time HW/SW) – OPENAIR1 (open-source real-time and offline SW) – OPENAIR2 (open-source real-time and offline SW) – OPENAIR3 (open-source Linux SW suite for cellular and MESH

networks) – TARGETS : different top-level target designs (emulator, RTAI, etc.)

Partners can access and contribute to our development – https://svn.eurecom.fr/openair4G (RO access)

OpenAirInterface TWIKI A TWIKI site for quick access by partners to our development via a

collaborative HOW-TO Forum and bugzilla

external support services (not currently used effectively)

OAI VM image (start from openair4G/targets/README.txt) https://emu.openairinterface.org/openairlab/openairlab.zip

- p 24 ©www.openairinterface.org

Page 25: OpenAirInterface - EURECOM

Contacts Information

URL: www.openairinterface.org https://twiki.eurecom.fr/twiki/bin/view/OpenAirInterface

Partnership and collaboration : [email protected]

Technical Support: [email protected]

Developer support : [email protected] To subscribe, send and email to [email protected] with the content

"subscribe openair4G-devel"

- p 25 ©www.openairinterface.org

Page 26: OpenAirInterface - EURECOM

EURECOM MEMBERS

- p 26 ©www.openairinterface.org


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