OpenNebula 5.4 Hands-on Tutorial

OpenNebulaTutorial

© OpenNebula Project. Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike License

Rev20171113

A Typical OpenNebula EnvironmentPlanning the Installation

• Repository of VM images• Multiple Backends (LVM, Ceph)

Monitoring,Virtualization, Storage and Network

• Provides physical resources for the VMs• Must have a hypervisor installed

Virtual LabThe Environment

lab-X-node1

OpenNebulaoned, sunstone, etc...

NFS Server

lab-X-node2

KVM & Libvirt

NFS Client

Bridge br0(ens4)

VM 1 VM 2 VM 3

lab-X-node3

KVM & Libvirt

NFS Client

Bridge br0(ens4)

VM 4 VM 5 VM 6

VM communication

DatastoreImages

4Installing and Basic Usage

Virtual LabAccessing the environment

● Each lab has 2 virtual machines:

○ lab-X-node1: opennebula & hypervisor

○ lab-X-node2: just the hypervisor



● You can ssh to your environment like this

$ ssh [email protected]

-L 9869:lab-X-node1:9869 \

-L 29876:lab-X-node1:29876

(password is 'onecourse!')

$ ssh lab-X-node1

(where 'X' is your lab number!)


Virtual Lab

http://putty.org/


Virtual Lab

[email protected]


(password is 'onecourse!')

(where 'X' is your lab number!)

Virtual Lab


Environment

● The root password for both lab nodes is opennebula● OpenNebula 5.4.3 is installed● Switch to the oneadmin account to use OpenNebula● Both nodes are registered and configured● Ubuntu 16.04 template available● Sunstone is available in your laptop

○ open: http://localhost:9869○ login / password: oneadmin / opennebula○ you must keep the ssh connection open!!!

http://localhost:9869



From there, you can jump to the nodes: node2 and node3

[root@lab-1-node1 ~]# ssh lab-1-node2

The password is opennebula


Virtual LabInspecting the environment - Packages

Hands on (node1)

Let's see what packages have been installed:

$ rpm -qa | grep opennebula

These packages have already been installed from the repo located in /etc/yum.repos.d/opennebula.repo. They have been installed with yum install (you don't need to do this).

Check the packages installed in node2 or node3, they're not the same!


Virtual LabInspecting the environment - Services

Hands on (node1)

Let's see what services are running:

$ systemctl | grep opennebula

These services have been enabled to start automatically when the VM boots (systemctl enable <service>).

node2 and node3 has libvirt running.


Virtual LabInspecting the environment - Storage

Hands on (node1)

node1 is exporting /srv by NFS (check /etc/exports)

The datastores are shared:

$ file /var/lib/one/datastores/*

/var/lib/one/datastores/0: symbolic link to `/srv/0'

/var/lib/one/datastores/1: symbolic link to `/srv/1'

/var/lib/one/datastores/2: directory

Check /etc/fstab and file /var/lib/one/datastores/* in node2 and node3.


Virtual LabInspecting the environment - Network

Hands on (node2)

● node2 and node3 have a bridge br0● VMs will be connected to br0● br0 is linked to ens4● ens4 is the private communication between the VMs

Verify with these commands:

brctl show

cat /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-br0


Virtual LabInspecting the environment - SSH access

Hands on (node1)

It is necessary to be able to ssh from any node to any other node without password as oneadmin

Verify:# Make sure you are oneadmin in node1

$ su - oneadmin

# ssh to the same node

$ ssh lab-X-node1 hostname

# ssh to the other nodes




Virtual LabInspecting the environment - OpenNebula Configuration

Configuration changes:

--- /etc/one/oned.conf.orig

+++ /etc/one/oned.conf

@@ -82 +82 @@

-DB = [ BACKEND = "sqlite" ]

+DB = [ BACKEND="mysql", SERVER="localhost", PORT=3306, USER="oneadmin", PASSWD="oneadmin", DB_NAME="opennebula" ]

--- /etc/one/sched.conf.orig

+++ /etc/one/sched.conf

@@ -74 +74 @@

-SCHED_INTERVAL = 30

+SCHED_INTERVAL = 5


Virtual LabInspecting the environment - OpenNebula Configuration

Configuration changes:

--- /etc/one/vmm_exec/vmm_exec_kvm.conf.orig

+++ /etc/one/vmm_exec/vmm_exec_kvm.conf

@@ -37 +37 @@

-DISK = [ driver = "raw" , cache = "none"]

+DISK = [ driver = "raw", cache = "unsafe", total_iops_sec = "50" ]

--- /etc/one/onegate-server.conf.orig

+++ /etc/one/onegate-server.conf

@@ -27 +27 @@

-:host: 127.0.0.1

+:host: 192.168.0.1


Virtual LabInspecting the environment - OpenNebula Password

The oneadmin password is located here:

$ cat /var/lib/one/.one/one_auth

oneadmin:opennebula

The first time OpenNebula starts, it sets the password from the contents of this file.


Virtual LabInstallation

Summary of the installation:

● Install the repo: /etc/yum.repos.d/opennebula.repo

● Install packages: yum install opennebula …

● Install gems: /usr/share/one/install_gems

● Enable OpenNebula services

● Configure Storage

● Configure Network

● Configure passwordless ssh access

● OpenNebula configuration files


CLIOpenNebula Interfaces

Hands on (node1)

Overview of the CLI (as oneadmin)

# su - oneadmin

$ oneuser show

$ oneuser –h

$ one[TAB]

All the CLI commands should be executed as the oneadmin user. Remember to switch to the oneadmin user always!


CLIOpenNebula Interfaces

$ one[TAB]

oneuser Manage Users oneimage Manage Images

onegroup Manage Groups onetemplate Manage Templates

oneacl Manage ACLs onevm Manage VMs

onehost Manage Hosts oneacct Accounting Tool

onecluster Manage Clusters onemarket Marketplace Tool

onevnet Manage Networks onedb DB Tool

onedatastore Manage Datastores oneflow Manage flows (services)

oneshowback Showback onemarketapp Import marketapps

onevdc Manage VDCs onevrouter Manage virtual routers

onevcenter Import vCenter reources onesecgroup Manage sec. groups

onezone Manage zones


Get User Information - SunstoneInstalling

Try out Sunstone!http://localhost:9869

Login: oneadminPassword: opennebula

http://localhost:9869/


Adding Hosts - SunstoneBasic Usage – Hosts

Hands on! (Sunstone)● Create one host in Sunstone:

● Type: KVM● Cluster: Default● Hostname: lab-X-node2

● Watch transition INIT => ON

● Click on the row for more information● Automatic gathering of monitoring data● Take a look at the graphs


Adding Hosts - CLIBasic Usage – Hosts

Hands on! (CLI)(as oneadmin in the Frontend – node1)

$ onehost –h$ onehost create –h

$ onehost create lab-X-node3 –i kvm -v kvm$ onehost list$ onehost top

# Wait for ON ... and then CTRL-C

$ onehost show lab-X-node3$ onehost show 1$ onehost show -x 1


Adding ImagesBasic Usage – ImagesHands on! (Sunstone)● Create a new Image

● Name: ubuntu-16.04● Path: http://192.168.122.1/ubuntu-16.04.qcow2● Advanced Options

● Bus: Virtio● Image mapping driver: qcow2


Overview Basic Usage - Datastores


Overview Basic Usage - Datastores

Hands on! (Sunstone)Datastore 0 (system) and Datastore 1 (default)Change the TM_MAD to qcow2 in both datastores.


Adding NetworksBasic Usage – Networks

Hands on! (Sunstone)

br0

VM VM

Node 2

ens4

br0

Node 3

ens4

VM VM


Adding NetworksBasic Usage – Networks


General● Name: privateConfiguration● Bridge: br0Addresses● IP start: 192.168.0.100● Size: 100Context● Gateway: 192.168.0.1● DNS: 8.8.8.8


Adding TemplatesBasic Usage – Template

Hands on! (Sunstone)● A template is a Virtual Machine definition ready to be instantiated● It has CPU, Memory, Disks, NIC, Graphical Ports, etc…

General● Name: ubuntu-16.04● Logo: Ubuntu● Description: Testing VM● CPU: 0.3● Memory: 512 MB

Storage● Click ubuntu-16.04

Network● Click private

Input/Output● Enter your keymap. Leave as is

if using a US keyboard.MB, not GB


Adding TemplatesBasic Usage – Template


Context● Check 'Add OneGate token'● Check 'Report Ready to OneGate''● In the Start script text area type:

touch /tmp/tutorial-test

● Check 'Encode script in Base64'● Custom vars → Key: PASSWORD, Value: opennebula

Click Create


SSH ContextualizationBasic Usage – adding SSH contextualization

Hands on!● Users should be able to access the VMs without password.

● Grab the SSH from here (in lab-X-node1):

cat /var/lib/one/.ssh/id_rsa.pub

ssh-rsa AAAAB3NzaC1yc2EAAAADAQABAAABAQC9nzF1clIaAji5k6eh+3W5GEopFKfuwSWmq88mAStNTX31rnqJeGCqSkw5VwgSdGaaPzPVc3jNvB3l… oneadmin@lab-X-node1

● Copy that key.



Hands on!● Paste that key into Sunstone:


InstantiatingBasic Usage – VMs


● VNC ( root / opennebula )● Network configured using context

ip a

● ping the other machine● migrate the other machine (watch

ping)● live-migrate the other machine

(watch ping)

● Instantiate the template● Deploy 2 VMs● Leave the name blank● Open Virtual Machines● Watch the transition

PENDING => RUNNING● Deployed in different hosts



Hands on!● Deploy the VM and check that you can SSH from the node

# as oneadmin in lab-X-node1

ssh [email protected]...

● Obtain the correct IP from the VM information in Sunstone


ContextualizationBasic Usage – VMs

Hands on!Login to the first VM and look at contextualization

Take a look at the contextualization files:

root@ubuntu:~# head -n 11 /var/run/one-context/context.sh.local # Context variables generated by OpenNebulaDISK_ID='1'ETH0_CONTEXT_FORCE_IPV4=''ETH0_DNS=''ETH0_GATEWAY=''ETH0_GATEWAY6=''ETH0_IP='192.168.0.100'ETH0_IP6=''ETH0_IP6_PREFIX_LENGTH=''ETH0_IP6_ULA=''ETH0_MAC='02:00:c0:a8:00:64'

root@ubuntu:~# ls /etc/one-context.d/loc-05-grow-rootfs loc-16-gen-env net-15-hostnameloc-10-network loc-20-set-username-password net-97-start-scriptloc-10-network-pci loc-22-ssh_public_key net-98-execute-scriptsloc-11-dns loc-24-ssh_host_key net-99-report-readyloc-14-mount-swap net-11-fix-loopback


ContextualizationBasic Usage – VMs

Hands on!The file /tmp/tutorial-test has been created thanks to the START SCRIPT text

area:

root@ubuntu:~# ls /tmp/tutorial-test /tmp/tutorial-testroot@ubuntu:~#


Main VM actionsBasic Usage – VMs

suspend VM state saved. Kept in the host.

power off (--hard) Powers off a VM. Kept in the host.

stop VM state saved. Taken to the system datastore.

undeploy (--hard) Powers off a VM. Taken to the system datastore.

reboot (--hard) Reboots the VM.

recover --recreate Cleans the VM and moves it to PENDING.

terminate (--hard) Shuts down a VM, cleans host and VM is removed from OpenNebula.

recover --delete VM is immediately destroyed regardless of state. Recommended only for oneadmin.


Storage: Attach new disk● In the Images tab: Create new Image

● Name: data-100● Type: Generic storage datablock● Empty disk image● Size in MB: 100● Image mapping driver: qcow2● BUS: Virtio

● In the VM info / Storage tab● Attach disk: data-100

● VNC:

fdisk -l

Other VM actionsBasic Usage – VMs



Other VM actionsBasic Usage – VMs


● Capacity: Power off first, then resize VM capacity. Memory 768.

● Snapshot● Take (system) snapshot● Modify the VM● Revert


Chmod and Chown, UNIX Style!Permissions


Make the all the resources previously created usable by everybody

Apply to all the images, templates and virtual networks.Owner could be changed too => chown, chgrp and chmod.

Take a look at Template → Share


Creating GroupsGroups

Hands on!

Admin: Click Create an administrator userUsername: students-adminPassword: …

Check the Permissions tab (no modifications)


Associated ACLsGroups

Hands on!

When a group is created, a new set of ACLs are introduced


VDCsThe Power of VDCs


Three ViewsOpenNebula Views

OpenNebula

Admin Group Admin

Cloud User


The Admin ViewOpenNebula Views

OpenNebula

Admin Group Admin

Cloud User


OpenNebula ViewsConfigure your Cloud from the Admin perspective

OpenNebula

Admin Group Admin

Cloud User


Group Admin ViewUsing Groups

Hands on!Login as students-admin

●Create a student●Assign Quotas (2 VM limit)


User the Cloud as a Cloud UserOpenNebula Views

OpenNebula

Admin Group Admin

Cloud User


Cloud ViewOpenNebula Views

Hands on!

Login as the student and instantiate a new VM

●Select the ubuntu-14.04 template

●Network private

● Explore the VM actions. Power Off and Save VM● With the oneadmin account see the new template and image● Other options: SSH Key, Quotas, Settings


Group Admin ViewUsing Groups

Hands on!Login as students-admin


Explore

FederationOpenNebula can scale by federation many OpenNebula instances.SchedulerThe OpenNebula Scheduler is extremely flexible. Write your own rules you want to guarantee that your vms end up wherever you need them.OneGateSend custom Metrics to OpenNebulaAppMarketDeliver appliances ready to be consumedCloudBurstingScale out your private resources to EC2vOneCloudvCloud Director Replacement with al the OpenNebula Cloud benefits

Other Features


We Will Be Happy to Clarify Any Question

Questions?

Date post:	22-Jan-2018
Category:	Technology
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OpenNebula 5.4 Hands-on Tutorial

Technology