OpenVMS SEMINAR

1. Getting Access to an Open VMS System2. DCL Commands3. Recall and Command Line Editing4. Naming Files5. Directory Structures and Commands6. Creating Text Files with the EVE Editor7. Managing & Displaying Files8. Protecting Your Data9. Customizing Your Environment10. Command Procedure

CONTENTS

1.Getting Access to an OpenVMS System

Overview of the Environment Log into an OpenVMS system Log out of an OpenVMS system Change your security password

Section Objective

Overview of the Environment

database

UNIX VMSUSER

P.C

TCP/IP

database

DECnet

TCP/IP TCP/IP

R2 FAB

In a Network

Overview of the Environment

VMS VMSUSER

VMS

TCP/IP

DECnet

TCP/IP TCP/IP

database

database

database

In a VMScluster

Easily share CPU resources,queues, and data

안정적인 system

DECnet DECnet

Logging in & out of the system

$ set password/generateBy system manager

Change passwordCommand

$ logout / fullLogging out Command

XXLower or Uppercase

PasswordusernamePrompt

OOUnique

6 ∼ 32

( A ∼ Z, 0 ∼ 9, $,-,_)

1∼12Characters

PasswordUser nameUser account

Example of Logging in & Out of the System

2. DCL Commands

Name and identify the DCL Commands Special DCL features Getting Help Explain the structure of error messages

Section Objective

Name and identify the DCL Commands

Prompt

Verb Keywordparamete

r

QualifierQualifier ValueCommand

QualifierPositional Qualifier

$ print a.lis /copies = 2

$ show time

Command Line Needs space each (but “/” , ”,” , ”=“ )

Special DCL features

Feature EX

Command Abbreviation

(Command,keyword,qualifier)

4 characters $ show time $ sh ti

Command Prompting (not type parameters or keywords)

$ show return _what : time

Long Command Lines

End with Hyphen (-)

HICIM1_HICIM_V3.0> show -

_HICIM1_HICIM_V3.0> time

24-SEP-2000 10:10:54

Getting Help

Explain the structure of error messages

• Syntax error in command line

• Wrong parameter (ex. Nonexistant filename)

• Unavailable resource (ex. A disk was not available)

• Hardware/software problem

• Program error

1) Why error Message Occur

Explain the structure of error messages (Cont’d)

2) The Structure of an Error Message

EX

HICIM1_HICIM_V3.0> sjow time %DCL-W-IVVERB, unrecognized command verb – check validity and spelling \SJOW\

DESCRIPTION

%System message delimiter

DCLFacility code (what part of the o/s generated the error)

WSeverity level code

IVVERBIdentification code

OTHERMessage text

• F (Fatal or severe, level4)

• I (Informational ,level3)

• E (Error, level 2)

• S (Success , level 1)

• W (Warning , level 0)

3) Severity Levels

Explain the structure of error messages (cont’d)

HICIM1_HICIM_V3.0> dir myfile.lis

%DIRECT-W-NOFILES, 파일이 없음

HICIM1_HICIM_V3.0> delete myfile.lis

%DELETE-E-DELVER, explicit version number or wild card required

HICIM1_HICIM_V3.0>copy/log temp.t temp2.t

%COPY-S-COPIED, Hi….

HICIM1_HICIM_V3.0> purge/log

%PURGE-I-FILPURG, HIC

HICIM1_HICIM_V3.0>deassign myfile.lis

%SYSTEM-F-NOLOGNAM,

no logical name match

3. Recall and Command Line Editing

Use the recall function Use the special control keys for line editing and display functions

Section Objective

Use the recall function

Verb Qualifiers Description

recall

= Ctrl / B Recalls the last commands(254)

/ all Lists all the commands in the recall buffer

/page Displays the commands one screenat a time

n Recall the number n

Verb Recall the last Verb command line

/erase To empty recall buffer

KeysUp arrow To step backwards through buffer

Down " To step forwards through buffer

Use the special control keys for line editing and display functions

CONTROL KEYSDescription

CONTROL OTHER

CTRL /A F14 Toggle(overstrike&insert)

CTRL /C & Y Interrupt command processing

CTRL /E To the end

CTRL /H F12 To beginning

CTRL /J F13 Delete the preceding word

CTRL /SF 1

Pause the scrolling of the output

CTRL /Q Restart after CTRL / S

CTRL /O Continue Processing (=CTRL/S&Q)

CTRL /Z F10 Exit the program

KEYS

DELETE Delete

LEFT/RIGHT ARROW

To the left / To the right

4. Naming Files

File Specification Rules for Naming Files Wildcards in File Specifications Default File Types

Section Objective

File Specification

FORMAT Node :: device : [directory] filename.type ; version

Node :: The name of the system the file is on

Device : The name of the device,usually a disk

[directory]

Space on a disk can be organized using areas called directories

Filename The actual name of the file (0 to 39 characters)

.type The nature and function of the file (0 to 39 length,usually 3 )

; version The version number of the file (from 1 to 32,767)

Rules for Naming Files

Use descriptive filenames

Use default file types

Don’t use special characters

Don’t use hyphens

Don’t use dollar signs

Wildcards in File Spec

The Asterisk (*)

To replace from 0 to 39 characters in a directory name,filename,or file type

The Percent (%)

To replace exactly one character in the file spec

Combinations of wildcards are allowed (=directory)

Default File Types (Common File Types)

File TypeDCL

CommandsExplanation

.com @ Command procedure

.exe run Executable program or utility

.dat Applications Data file (Often not readable)

.lis Print,type ASCII data (Normal readable)

.txt No specific Text file

.log No specificApplications containing messages,logging,etc

Default File Types (Programming File Types)

File Type DCL Commands Explanation

.cob cobol Cobol sources

.pas pascal Pascal sources

.mar macro Macro sources

.c cc C sources

.for fortran Fortran sources

.bas basic Basic sources

.obj link

An object file created by a compiler & used for linking into an executable image

Default File Types (Library File Types)

File Type DCL Commands Explanation

.olb library object library

.mlb library Macro library

.hlb Library,help Help library

.tld library Text library

.nlb libraryNational character set library

4. Directory Structures and Commands

Directory Structures Naming , Creating and Default Directories Example of File Information Qualifiers for displaying selected file information Qualifiers for selecting Files to Display

Section Objective

Directory Structures

[ U S E R]

[ .O U R]

[ .S Y S TE M]

[ .J P S ] [ .K IM]

[ .user]

[ FAMS V30]

[ .examples] [ .exerc ises]

[ S Y S TE M] [ ...]

[ 000000] MFD

UFD

(=login)

SFD

SFD

(Up to 7)

Level 0

Level 1

Level 2

Level 3

reference

Naming , Creating and Default Directories

Syntax [directory.subdir1.subdir2…,subdir7]

Dir File type .dir (always have a version number of 1)

Create Subdir Create/directory/log [directory.subdirectory]

Check location Show default

Change defaultSet default device:[directory.subdirectory]

Set default [.subdirectory]

Up one level Set default [-]

Up two levels Set default [--]

Default login dir Set default sys$login

File Information Directory /full filespec

Dir Wildcard Directory […]

Example of File Information

HICIM1_HICIM_V3.0> dir/full jps.*;*디렉토리 HICIM1$DKA100:[FAMSV30.USER]JPS.DIR;1 파일 ID: (554,39,0) 크기 : 1/4 소유자 : [SYSTEM]생성일 : 25-SEP-2000 06:34:34.65개정일 : 25-SEP-2000 06:34:34.65 (0)만료일 : < 지정된 것이 없음 >백업일 : < 백업이 기록되지 않았음 >유효한 것 : < 지정된것 없음 >기록 : < 지정된것 없음 >파일 구성 : 순차보류된 상태 : 온라인 캐쉬 속성 : Writethrough파일 속성 : 할당 : 4, 확장 : 0, 글로발 버퍼 수 : 0 기본 버전 한계 없음 , 연속적인 , 디렉토리 파일레코드 형식 : 가변길이 , 최대 512 바이트 s, 가장 긴 512 바이트 s레코드 속성 : 캐리지 제어 없음 , 걸치지 않음RMS 속성 : 없음저널링이 불가능함 : 없음파일 보호 : System:RWE, Owner:RWE, Group:RE, World:E액세스 제어 리스트 : 없음클라이언트 속성 : 없음합계 : 1 파일 , 1/4 블럭

Qualifiers for displaying selected file information

Qualifiers Function

/ size Size of the file

/ protection Protection information

/ owner Owner of the file

/ date Creation date

/ full All file information

/ total Total number of the file

Qualifiers for selecting Files to Display

Qualifiers Function

/ since=dateAll files,created since that day (ex.today,yesterday)

/ before=date All files,created before that day (ex.tomorrow)

/ backupFiles that have been backed up before or since the date specified,using the /before or /since

/ modifiedFiles that have been revised before or since the date specified,using the /before or /since

/ exclude= filespec Exclude filespec from the output

6. Creating Text Files with the EVE Editor

Introduction to OpenVMS Editors EVE Editing

Section Objectives

Introduction to OpenVMS Editors

• Design for the VT200-style keyboard• Insert and overstrike editing modes• Multiple editing windows• Definable shortcut keys for frequently used editing

functions

Features of EVE (Extensible Versatile Editor)

Features of EDT (Digital standard editor )• Many predefined edit keys• Line-mode editing • No overstrike editing mode• No multiple windows• No support for the VT200 keyboard

Starting EVE EVE Screen Layout Entering EVE Commands Moving the Cursor Entering and Modifying Text Finding and Replacing Text Cutting and Pasting with EVE Including Other Text Files EVE Online Help Saving Your Edited Text Recovering Files Using EVE Windows

EVE Editing

Starting EVE (1)

EVE Editing

Format $ editFile filename.file

typeStarting EVE

EX

$ edit blankYou will be prompted for it when you exit EVE

$ edit File spec (not exist) Create a new file

$ edit File spec (exist)Edit and create new version

EVE Screen Layout (2)

EVE Editing

I'm trying to connect a notebook(NEC VERSA M/100)

and a desktop ,both running Windows9x,via parallel printer ports with a cable.

[End of file]

Buffer: REPORT.TXT | 기록 | 삽입 | 정방향

Command:

5 lines written to file HICIM1$DKA100:[FAMSV30.USER.JPS]REPORT.TXT;3

Text window

End of the file marker Buffer

status line

Command line

Message

buffer

Filename

By default

Where or not this buffer can be modified

Text entry modeDirection of cursor

Entering EVE Commands (3)

EVE Editing

NEXT SCREENPREV SCREENSELECT

REMOVEINSERTFIND

PERIOD

Select

Reset

KP0

EDT Line

Open Line

ENTER

Return

Substitute

KP3Character

Spec Ins

KP2EOL

DEL EOL

KP1Word

ChngCase

COMMADel char

Rest Char

KP6Remove

Ins Here

KP5Reverse

Top

KP4Forward

Bottom

MINUSDel word

Rest Word

KP9Append

EDT Rep

KP8Section

Fill

KP7Move by

pageDO

PF4Del Line

Rest Line

PF3Find Next

Find

PF2Help

Key Def

PF1Gold

F10 : EXIT

F11 : Forward/R

everse

Pause :DO

/ :HELP:

FIND : Search for string

SELECT,INSERT,REMOVE : Cut & paste

F12 :Move by

line

Moving the Cursor (4)

EVE Editing

Line nMove to the specific

Mark or go to mark_nameSet a mark and go to the mark

BottomMove to the bottom of the file

TopMove to the top of the file

NEXT SCREENMove to the next screen

PREV SCREENMove to the previous screen

Start of the lineCTRL + HMove to the beginning of the current line

End of the lineCTRL + EMove to the end of the current line

RIGHT ARROWMove one character to the right

LEFT ARROWMove one character to the left

DOWN ARROWMove down one line

UP ARROWMove up one line

CommandKeyFunction

Entering and Modifying Text (5)

• Typing Text• Manipulating Text Strings• Cutting and Pasting Text (Using SELECT&INSET&REMOVE key)• Including Other Text Files

Finding and Replacing Text (6)

• Command : fins string• Press FIND key

EVE Editing

Cutting and Pasting with EVE (7)

EVE Editing

Yes , no , all , last , quitType

Replace old_string new stringCommand format

Including Other Text Files (8)• Position the cursor at insertion point• Press “DO” in command mode• Include file spec• The file is inserted at the insertion point

EVE Online Help (9)• Press “ / (HELP)” key• Press “pause(DO)” and then “HELP”

Recovering Files (11)• $ edit/recover original_filespec ! [ .TPU$JOURNAL in login directory]• The journal is deleted when EXIT or QUIT

EVE Editing

F10CTRL+Z

Save file as new_filespec

Save the text buffer into a new different file

Write new_filespec

Save file

Save the text buffer into a new version of the file

Write

Saving without Ending the Edit Session

Save your text in a new version file exit

Discard the text and exitQuit

Ending the Edit Session

Saving Your Edited Text (10)

EVE Editing

Using EVE Windows

7. Managing & Displaying Files

Summary of commands for managing files Summary of commands for displaying files

Section Objectives

Summary of commands for managing files

To find differenceBetween files

1st filespec [2nd filespec]/paralleldifference

To keep the number of versions

File spec [ , … ]/version_limit = nSet file

To find a file containing a specified string

File spec [ , … ] string [ , … ]

/exact “string”, /windows=(n,m)

Search

To delete files except the highest version of file

File spec [ , … ]/log, /confirm, /erase , /keep=nPurge

To delete unneeded version files

Filename.filetype;version/log, /confirm , /eraseDelete

To change the name of a file,or move it to another directory on the same disk

/log, /confirmRename

Copy of a file

Input filespec output filespec

/log, /confirm,/exclude=file specCopy

Create a new fileFile spec [ , … ]/log, /confirmCreate

DescriptionFile SpecificationQualifierCommand

Summary of commands for displaying files

To stop TYPE outputCTRL+Z or +C

To display the last n lines/tail=n

To print a fileFilename.type [ , … ]

/copies=nprint

To display page by page/page

To display the contents of a file and filetype .lis

File spec

type

DescriptionFile SpecificationQualifierCommand

8. Protecting Your Data

User Identification Codes Protection Codes Displaying & Manipulating Files Security

Information Setting & Deleting a directory file ACL & Saving Copies of Files

Section Objectives

User Identification Codes

Purpose of UICs• Read the file• Write the file• Execute the file• Delete the file

UIC Components• A group number• A member number

UIC Formats• Numeric [1 ∼37776,0 ∼177776]• Alphanumeric (ex. [MANAGER])

Displaying Your UIC

User Categories

World(W)Group(G)Owner(O)System(s)

Protection Codes

Types of File Access

Elements of Protection Code

Delete,purge,renameDelete (D)

Run , @Execute (E)

EditWrite (W)

Copy,type,print,directoryRead (R)

AccessProtection code

(S:RWED,O:RWED,G:RE,W)

Protection codeProtection code

delimiter

User category symbol(system)

User categorydelimiter

User categoryAccess codes

User categoryseparater

Displaying & Manipulating Files Security Information

(ex) Set security/protection = (s:rwe,o:rwe,g,w) sample.file

Control a file’s UIC protection codeSet security/protection=(code) filespec

To change default protection

protection

security Display all of the aboveshow Display the default protection for

process

/security

/owner

/protection

/Qualifier or Keyword

Set protection =(s:rwe,g)/default

Display all of the above

Display the owner

Display the UIC protection code

directory

Security InformationCommand

Setting & Deleting a directory file

Setting directory files protection

Delete the directory file itselfDelete (D)

List the file ,without using wildcardsExecute (E)

May write into this directory(Including create,delete,rename files)

Write (W)

List the files in this directory ,including the use of wildcards in the filename

Read (R)

AccessProtection code

Deleting a directory file• Remove all files from the directory ,either by deleting them or

renaming them to another directory (The directory must be empty)• Set your default to a higher level directory• Change the protection on the directory file (To have delete access)• Delete the directory file

ACL(Access Control List) & Saving Copies of Files

Backup

Saving Copies of file

$ edit / acl menu.comidentifier=[jps],access=read+executeidentifier=[kim],access=read+executeidentifier=[200.*],access=read+execute

$ set security / acl = (identifier=[ron],access=read+execute) menu.com

Applying Specific Protection to Users

9. Customizing Your Environment

Processes Logical Names Symbols Key Definitions

Section Objectives

Processes

• Create by the system using "submit" command.• Terminate when the batch procedure completes.• It runs independtly of the submitting processes.

Batch

• Create with the "spawn" command.• It is dependent on its paraent.• To view subprocess information, using "show process/sub".

Subprocess

• Create when a user logs in.• Treminate when athe user logs out.• Its commands are entered from user terminal.

Interactive

Category

The user's log in sessionProcess

Logical Names

Definition• A character string that is used to represent other character called equivalence string

Commands to Create Logical Names• $ assign equivalence name [ , …] logical name

• $ define logical name equivalence name [ , …]

(ex) $ assign dka300:[ronald] ron

$ define ron dka300:[ronald]

Rules for Creating Logical Names• Maximum of 255 characters (equivalence name , logical name)

• Contain alphanumeric characters , _ , - , $,…

• Do not specify a colon of a logical name

Duration of a Logical Name• When you logout of the system ,the logical name is deassigned

• To be available every time log in , create the logical name in a command procedure login.com

Logical Names

Using Logical Names• CASE1 - for a directory specification

(ex) $ assign [heman.worksheet] ws

$ dir ws

• CASE2 - for a complete file specification

(ex) $ define scuba dka0:[heman.diving]beautiful_sports.txt

$ dir scuba

• CASE3 - in the left part of a file specification (the right part makes error)

(ex) $ define scuba dka0:[heman.diving]

$ dir scuba:beautiful_sports.txt

Display the equivalence string of a logical name (ex) $ assign dka0:[heman.diving] scuba

$ define fun scuba

$ show translation fun

FUN = “SCUBA” (the equivalence string of “fun” is “scuba”)

Logical Names

Iteratively translate the logical name up to 10 levels (ex) $ define scuba dka0:[heman.diving]

$ assign scuba fun

$ show logical fun

“FUN’ = “SCUBA”

1 “SCUBA” = “dka0:[heman.diving]”

Logical name tables• /process (private to your process only, this is default)

• /job (shared by your process and any of its subprocesses)

• /group (all the processes that are in your UIC group)

• /system (all the processes on the system)

Sharing Logical Names (ex) $ define/job demo myfile.lis (define the logical demo in the job logical table)

Removing Logical names (ex) deassign scuba

Symbols

Definition• A name that represents a numeric,character,or logical value.

Using symbols• As a synonym for an entire DCL command

• As a variable within a DCL command procedure

• As a parameter passed to a command procedure

Categories of symbol• Local symbols :

usually created & used as a variable within a command procedure, the local symbol is deleted when the command procedure exits

• Global symbols :

Use to continue after the command procedure exits,the global symbol is deleted when logout the process

Data types for symbols• Character string & integer number

Symbols

Creating symbols• Local symbols : Use one equal sign

$ symbol_name := string or $ symbol_name = "string" or $ symbol_name = integer_value (ex) $ her_name ;= joan simson $ show symbol her_name HER_NAME = "JOAN SIMSON" • Global symbols : Use two equal sings $ symbol_name :== string or $ symbol_name == "string" or $ symbol_name = integer_value (ex) $ his_name == "Johnny Simson" $ show symbol his_name HIS_NAME =="Johnny Simson"• Common : 1) Using the colon results in all the characters being converted to uppercase and all spaces and tabs will be replaced by single space. 2) Using with quotatin mark and omit the colon to preserve case and spaces in a string 3) The String is stored as uppercase

Symbols

Creating symbol as a command synonym (ex) $ home :== set default sys$login or $home ==" set default sys$login"

Creating symbols that can be abbreviated (ex) $ cl*eanup == "purge/log"

Caution (ex) $ del*ete == "delete/confirm"

$ del/entry=5

%DCL-W-CONFLICT,illegal….

Displaying Symbols (ex) $ show symbol [/global] [/local] [/all] symbol_name (default is local)

Deleting Symbols (ex) $ delete /symbol [/global] [/local] symbol_name

The Difference between a logical and a Symbol• Symbol for "Command synonym" & Logical for "Short or easy name forfile spec"

Key Definitions

Creating Keypad Definitions• $ define/key key_name equivalence_string (ex) $ set terminal/nonumeric $ define/key PERIOD "show time"

Displaying Keypad Definitions• $ show key/full key_name

Deleting keypad Definitions• $ delete/key key_name

COMMAND PROCEDURE

Developing Command Procedure

Design the command procedure Create the command procedure file (Use the text editor) Execute and test the command procedure Modify the command procedure,if necessary Add comments to simplify maintenance

Rules

Start each DCL command on a new line Precede DCL commands with a dollar sign Use a hyphen to continue a command on the next line(no $ sign) Precede comments with an exclamation point (!) Assign the default file type ,COM ,to all command procedure Use full DCL commands,no abbreviations End your command procedure with the EXIT command For readability,use blank command lines,with " $! "

Executing Command Procedure Executed by the DCL Command Language Interpreter To execute a command procedure interactively ,type the " @ "symbol (ex) @command_procedure.com To direct the output of the procedure to a file,use "/ourput" qualifier (ex) @july_reports/output = july.dat

Testing Your Command Procedure To test and debug command procedure, use "set verify" command Add "set verify" as the first line,to display each line before executing the line Add "set noverify" at the end of the procedure,not to display each line , just before the "exit" command After finishing test,remove "set verify" and "set noverify"

Halting Execution To interrupt the execution ,CTRL+Y To resume execution,use "continue" command

Writing a Login Command Procedure To execute the same commands each time ,place "login.com" file "login.com" should contain :

Assigning symbols

Defining logical names

Defining key definitions

Setting terminal characteristics

Setting broadcast settings

Changing your default directory

Changing your process name or privileges

Changing your DCL prompt

If you modify login.com, be sure to test it before you log out. If your login.com contains errors that prevent you from logging in, bypass if adding the "/nocommand" qualifier to your user name when logi in. (ex) username : hicim30/nocommand

Common Errors in Login Command Procedures

You cannot log in (check) if "login.com" contains a "logout" command instead of "exit" None of your customizations are in effect (check) use execute command "@login" No symbols (check) Use global symbols (two equals),not local symbols No key definitions (check) to execute one of the following commands to enable keypad definitions $ set terminal/nonumeric $ set terminal/applications_keypad

No DCL commands (check) Did you create a symbol that is the same as a DCL commands ? $ del*ete == "logout"

No features (check) There is an error in your login.com file.Enter the "set verify" command

"directory not found" (check) Edit the login.com file and make sure the correct directories

Lexical function A lexical function is a way for you to ask DCL to ask go into the system

and find information that you can use in a command. A lexical function can be assigned to a symbol

(ex)

Characteristics of Batch Jobs Allow long programs to execute whtiout typing up your terminal Run independently of your current process The default file type is ".COM" Format : $ submit filespec [, …] Commands

Command Function

Show queue/batch Display all batch queues

Show entry Show all of your batch

Set entry Change a characteristic of a job

Delete/entry Delete a job

• Useful Submit Qualifiers

Command/qualifiers description

$ submit/hold Hold a batch job until released

$ set entry n /release Release the held job n

$ submit/after = time filename Delay the execution of a job until after a specified time

$ submit/notify filename Be notified when the batch job is finished

$ submit /queue=queuename filename Specify a specific batch queue

$ submit/keep Keep the log file after it is printed

$ submit/noprinter Not print the log file

$ submit/parameter=(pa,..,p8) Pass parameters to the batch job