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.Chapter 9 Lifespan Development 278 Drugs Depressants, -~ Alcohol'"-" " • TranquiMzers Barbiturates Opiates Herohi OPeralggfins>^ Effects ; "~* r Small amounts increase risk of spontaneous abortion MIod erate amounts (l-2 f |rinks per day) may result in attention 1 . deficit disorder. Heavy amounts associated with fetal Mdi>-~ hoi syndrome (FAS), reported to be a cause of mental retar- dation, facial deformities, and defects of limbs and heart. During first 3 montha of pregnancy, associated with cleft palates and other deformities. Babies may be addicted. Irritability, possible seizure-like activity. Prematurity, low birthweight, physical defects, even death is possible. During first year, remains less attentive to envi- ronment. Some children improve after first year; others do not. • : Methadone (less additive, an artificial opiate) Same characteristics as above, except slightly less risky. Stinrulants Nicotine Heavy smoking (1 plus pack per day) correlates with low " birth weight (5.5 Ibs. or less). May affect lungs. Apgar scores show higher than normal heartbeat and respiration. Babies tend to be hyperactive. Cocaine Taken in first 3 months of pregnancy, may result in hyper- tension, heart problems, retardation. After 3 months, may lead to dependency/withdrawal problems, hyperactivity, and perceptual motor problems. May affect sperm and cause defects. Amphetamines Have been associated with birth defects. Marijuana Has been associated with defective ovum and sperm prior to birth and can increase probability of birth defect. Used dur- ing pregnancy, may result in tremors, startles, abnormally high-pitched cry, and reduced attention. Aspirin Has been associated with uterine bleeding. May, in connec- tion with certain viral infections, result in Eeyes syndrome. The chart continues on the next page with other teratogens.
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