Date post: | 14-Dec-2015 |
Category: |
Documents |
Upload: | yolanda-millward |
View: | 215 times |
Download: | 0 times |
Operational Hazards
The overall objective for this module is that the participants will recognize general safety
hazards and safe work practices related to fixed facility work
Overview
Common safety hazards Safe work practices Preventing and treating heat and
cold stress Proper lifting and handling Confined space procedures
Expectations
Define a general safety hazard Identify general methods to prevent
accidents Recognize general safety-hazard
categories and related precautions Identify symptoms and prevention
measures for heat stress and cold stress
Expectations
Recognize biological hazards Recognize ergonomic hazards Identify general precautions for
confined space work Identify potential fire hazards and fire
prevention strategies
Operational Hazard
Anything on or around a work site which may compromise worker safety or health if appropriate control measures are not implemented
Prevention of Accidents
Aware of changing conditions Take initiative to correct potential
safety hazards Understand the task Watch for weather conditions, wind
direction and unusual odors
Ten Common Causes of Accidents
Poor instructions Poor planning Improper design Improper equipment provided or
used Failure to follow instructions
Ten Common Causes of Accidents
Neglect or improper use of equipment Faulty equipment Untrained personnel Uncooperative personnel Uncontrollable or unexpected outside
agents (e.g., weather or sudden illness)
DeathActs Conditions
Near Misses
Minor Injuries
Reportable Injury
Lost Time Injury
Death
Kn
ow
led
ge
Ab
ilit
y
Mo
tiva
tio
n
Des
ign
Mai
nte
nan
ce
Act
ion
o
fO
ther
s
Heavy Equipment
Small Power Tools and Equipment
Hand Tools
Lifting and Carrying
Compressed Gas Cylinders
Electrical Hazards
Site Hazards
Lifting Safely Preparing to Lift
Clear obstacles away Heft to check weight
Performing the Lift Square with object Balance Squat, bend knees, grip object, tighten
abdomen
USE YOUR LEGS
Safe Lifting Tips
Don’t life objects over your head Don’t twist Pace yourself Don’t reach over an obstacle Follow your workplace safety guidelines
Heat Stress
Occurs within 15 minutes Factors to consider:
Poses serious health threats Environmental conditions (including
air temperature and humidity) Clothing Workload Individual worker characteristics
Forms of Heat Stress
Heat Syncope Heat Cramps Heat Exhaustion Heat Stroke Heat Rash Transient Heat Fatigue
Heat Cramps
Caused by excessive loss of salt during sweating
Symptoms Muscle spasms in the extremities,
abdomen, or back
Heat Cramps
Treatment Massaging the cramped muscles Replenishing the victim’s water and
electrolytes
Heat Exhaustion
Victim suffers from a severe lack of fluids and salts
Symptoms Pale or flushed skin Moist skin Headache Fatigue Nausea Normal or slightly elevated temperature Profuse sweating
Heat Stroke
Most severe form of heat stress Caused by a failure of the body’s
temperature regulation mechanism
Heat Stroke
Symptoms Absence or reduction of sweating Elevated body temperature Skin is red, hot, and dry Dizziness Nausea, Confusion
Treatment Medical attention as soon as possible
Heat Rash
Prickly heat and transpires in a hot, humid environment where sweat is unable to evaporate
Prevention Worker must periodically rest in a cool
place Skin must be bathed regularly and kept
as dry as possible
Transient Heat Fatigue
Causes temporary discomfort accompanied by mental and/or psychological strain, which affects task performance, coordination, and alertness
Treatment Lessened by gradual adjustment to heat
conditions
Prevention of Heat Stress
Maintain adequate water intake Take breaks in a cool place Learn the signs and symptoms of
heat stress and respond at the earliest point of detection
Schedule heavy work or work in PPE for cool times of the day
Move work location to shade or cooler area
Prevention of Heat Stress
Have workers drink 16 ounces of water before beginning work
Urge workers to drink a cup or two of water every 15 to 20 minutes
Weigh workers before and after work to determine if fluid replacement is adequate
Superficial Frostbite
Characterized by the freezing of only the outer skin layer
Treatment Protect the exposed area by placing
uncovered fingers under opposite armpits or placing bare frostbitten feet under clothes or against the skin of a companion until pain returns
Superficial Frostbite
NOTE: DO NOT’S Warm frostbitten parts by massaging Expose to an open fire Soak in cold water Rub with snow
Deep Frostbite
Characterized by the freezing of tissue beneath the outer skin layer
Treatment Protect frozen parts from further cold
exposure Keep victim warm while being transported to a
hospital NOTE: Protect frozen parts from additional
injury Do not attempt to thaw them in the field
Hypothermia
Characterized by subnormal body temperatures
Treatment Keep victim warm Give warm beverages or soup
NOTE: Alcohol consumption increases risk
NOTE: Death can occur
Prevention of Cold Stress
Wear proper clothing Maintain a proper diet Use shelter Monitor worker’s conditions
Ergonomic Hazards
Study of how a human physically and mentally interacts with the workplace
Notify manager or supervisor of hazards
Material Handling
Use mechanical devices Drum dollies Pallet dollies Push carts and dollies so you can see
ahead and around the load
Material Handling
Do it the easy way Push rather than pull Bend your knees, not your back Step with legs, don’t rotate Use ladders for high loads Wear steel-toed boots Pick up stacks in two steps Don’t block your visibility
Container Handling
Hazard Recognition Detonation, fire and explosion Vapor generation Physical injury caused by lifting
improperly or moving containers
Container Handling
Drum Handling Safety Use forklifts, dollies and pallet jacks Wear protective PPE Check drum for sharp edges or rust Plan the move and clear obstructions Manually lift with good technique Do not handle or move if safety is
questioned
Confined Space Adequate size and
configuration for employee entry
Limited means for entry and exit, one and/or small openings
Is not designed for continuous employee occupancy, such as small utility spaces
Confined Space Permits
Contains or has the potential for containing a hazardous atmosphere
Contains a material that has a potential for engulfing an entrant
Has an internal configuration such that an entrant could be trapped
Contains any other recognized serious safety hazard
Atmospheric Hazards
Flammable gas in excess of 10% LEL Airborne combustible dust which
meets LEL Oxygen concentration below 19.5%
or in excess of 23.5% An atmosphere which could result in
employee exposure in excess of PEL
Other Potential Hazards
Mechanical Hazards Slips, Trips and Falls ART - There is an “art” to preventing
slips, trips and falls Awareness Responsibility Traction
Slips, Trips and Falls
Awareness Be alert throughout the workday Look ahead from the knee level Know where there are existing step
hazards Look for wet areas Look for obstructions and electrical
cords
Slips, Trips and Falls
Responsibility Everyone in the workplace must
assume responsibility for keeping a safe work area
One is more likely to be injured from a slip, trip, or fall than from hazardous chemicals
Take the time to remove the hazard or notify those who are able to do so
Slips, Trips and Falls
Traction Be aware of changing conditions Maintain good footwear with traction Enhance traction by using rough
surfacing, lowering slopes of ramps and replacing low-traction surfaces