Operational Monitoring & SAR Applications with TerraSAR-X
EUSAR Tutorial, Nürnberg, 23.04.2012
Dr. Oliver Lang, Dr. Jan Anderssohn, Diana WeihingAstrium GEO-Information Services
Practical applications and demonstrations
23 April 2012 - 2
Content
1. Astrium Geo-Information Services & TerraSAR-X mission2. Surface Movement Monitoring
Principles
Example Infrastructure Monitoring
Example Tunnelling
Example oil exploitation
3. TerraSAR-X based Site Monitoring4. New Astrium GEO Service „GO Monitor“5. Conclusion
23 April 2012 - 3
EADS and Astrium Services
* France, Germany, UK, Spain, The Netherlands
Airbus Eurocopter CassidianAstrium
Space TransportationAstrium Satellites
Telecommunications Secure Satcom Systems Navigation
Astrium Services
GEO-Information
100% 99%
Infoterra LtdUnited Kingdom
Infoterra GmbHGermany
Infoterra SGSASpain
100% 60%
Spot Infoterra HellasGreece
81%
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Astrium GEO-Information Services
The Earth observation division of Astrium Services
an international network of partners & customers
staff: +800 staff (2008), located in 14 countries
turnover: ~165 M€
(2008)
Spot Image Mexico
Spot Image Corporation
Spot Image Peru Spot Image
Brasil
Spot Image
Spot ImagingServices
Spot Asia
BeijingSpot Image Tokyo
Spot Image
InfoterraSpain
France
United-Kingdom
Germany Hungary
Greece
23 April 2012 - 5
TerraSAR
Sources –
Continuity
TerraSAR-X1 (PPP)
TanDEM-X (PPP)
Imagery, Monitoring, DEM
Global DEM
Second Generation
service continuity with advancements
more detail (0.5 m, polarization)
governmental mode option
payload enhancement (AIS, TIR)
extension options (constellation, formation)
service subscription, partnerships
Third Generation (HRWS) in preparation (technology, PPP)
TerraSAR-X2
2007 2010 2016
PAZ (Spain)
2013
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PPP (Public-Private-Partnership)
Public-Private Partnership between German Ministry of Education and Science (BMBF) and Astrium Satellites
Cooperation between two equal partners to meet scientific and commercial goals
DLR is the owner of the TanDEM-X data and coordinates their scientific utilization
Astrium contributes to the development cost of the satellite
Astrium designed and manufactures the TanDEM-X satellite
Infoterra exclusively serves the commercial customers
Infoterra will provide a sales-dependent share of the operating costs
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TerraSAR
Sources
–
Archive Data
>> 100,000 scenes collected with TSX1 and TDX
easy-to-use online interface: http://terrasar-x-archive.infoterra.de
23 April 2012 - 8
Content
1. Astrium Geo-Information Services & TerraSAR-X mission2. Surface Movement Monitoring
Principles
Example Infrastructure Monitoring
Example Tunnelling
Example oil exploitation
3. TerraSAR-X based Site Monitoring4. New Astrium GEO Service „GO Monitor“5. Conclusion
23 April 2012 - 9
Is InSAR ready for operational use?
23 April 2012 - 10
23 April 2012 - 11
PSI: Exploitation of Permanent/Point Reflectors
SBAS: Exploitation of Distributed + Permanent/Point Reflectors
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AmsterdamSurface movements related to infrastructure
23 April 2012 - 17
Optical image acquired on December 1, 2009 by SPOT5
Amsterdam
TSX Intensity image
Surface movement
between February 2009 and April 2010
LOS-velocity
-20 [mm/yr] +20
Approach: PSI
Data: 38 TSX
23 April 2012 - 18
Amsterdam
Surface movement
between February 2009 and April 2010
LOS-velocity
-20 [mm/yr] +20
Railway
Approach: PSI
Data: 38 TSX
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Amsterdam
Surface movement
between February 2009 and April 2010
LOS-velocity
-20 [mm/yr] +20
Railway at streetlevel: no subsidence
Railway at bridges: no subsidence
old construction
new construction with outer railway
Railway
Approach: PSI
Data: 38 TSX
23 April 2012 - 20
Amsterdam
Surface movement
between February 2009 and April 2010
LOS-velocity
-20 [mm/yr] +20
Railway at street level: no subsidence
Railway at bridges: no subsidence
Railway at embankment: intense subsidence of the outer two (additional built) lines
Railway
Approach: PSI
Data: 38 TSX
23 April 2012 - 21
Amsterdam -
Conclusions
Various subsidence locations in Amsterdam
occurs at reclaimed land (Houthaven), new built embankments (railway) and subgrades
(Ridderspoorweg
and driveways at Van
Hasseltweg-Station)
Clear differentiation between moving und stable surface
e.g. stable railway bridges and subsiding embankments
23 April 2012 - 22
BudapestSurface movements related to underground building
activities
23 April 2012 - 23
Budapest
Metro Line under construction (Metro4)
Optical Image acquired an September 22, 2010 by SPOT 5
23 April 2012 - 24
Budapest
Vertical Velocity
-11 [mm/yr] +11
Approach: PSI
Data: 43 TSX
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Budapest
Vertical Velocity
-11 [mm/yr] +11
Approach: PSI
Data: 43 TSX
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Budapest
Why loss of PSI points?
Non coherent?
Non-linear deformation?
Processing errors?
Approach: PSI
Data: 43 TSX
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Budapest
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Budapest
Application of Small Baseline Subset (SBAS) approach
SBAS is able to estimate non- linear movement
Why loss of PSI points?
Non coherent?
Non-linear deformation?
Processing errors?
23 April 2012 - 29
Why loss of PSI points?
Non coherent?
Non-linear deformation?
Processing errors?
Why loss of PSI points?
Non coherent?
Non-linear deformation
Processing errors?
BudapestSBAS result
Approach: SBAS
Data: 43 TSX
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Budapest
Leveling
vs. SBAS comparison
Approach: SBAS
Data: 43 TSX
23 April 2012 - 31
Budapest -
Conclusions
PSI
Derived movements are in good correlation with the alignment of the subway line and metro stations
High point density
Fails at non-linear moving areas
SBAS
Resolves non-linear surface movements
Comparison with levelling data shows good accuracy of SBAS result
PSI & SBAS can be integrated joint approach
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Burghan, MinagishSurface movements related to oil production
23 April 2012 - 33
Burghan, Minagish
Oil-/Gas production site in Kuwait
Vert. Surface Movement Rate
-10 [mm/yr] +10
production
production
stable
Approach: SBAS
Data: 16 TSX
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Burghan, Minagish
-
Conclusions
Non-linear surface movement estimations with TSX and SBAS powerful demonstrated
Due to high coherence long-term monitoring with SBAS possible (even with a large time gap)
23 April 2012 - 35
Haneda, KunmingSurface movements related to airport construction
23 April 2012 - 36
Haneda, Kunming
Zone
1
Zone
2
Zone
3
Tilting
Subsidence
heterogeneous-15 +15mm/11 days
Approach: SBAS
Data: 4 TSX
Haneda
Airport
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2011
Haneda, Kunming
2009
Kunming Airport
23 April 2012 - 38
Haneda, Kunming
Approach: SBAS
Data: 20 TSX
Radargrammetry DEM powered by ASTRIUM
Kunming Airport
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Haneda, Kunming
-155 +155mm/yrApproach: SBAS
Data: 20 TSX
Kunming Airport
23 April 2012 - 40
Haneda, Kunming -
Conclusions
Surface movement estimations with TSX and SBAS powerful demonstrated
Long-term coherence is not given for the whole time of building activities
PSI would result in less PSI points
23 April 2012 - 41
Is InSAR ready for operational use?
Yes! InSAR can be integrated into classical surveying methods.
23 April 2012 - 42
InSAR vs. Levelling
Operational Criteria Terrestrial High Precision Optical Levelling
less fullfilled fullfilled
High Accuracy
Cost effective accessibility of high spatial surveying point density
Cost effective accessibility of high temporal surveying point density
High acceptance through authorities
Cost effective accessible of wide area overview
Satellite based Radarinterferometry
less fulfilledfulfilled
23 April 2012 - 43
Content
1. Astrium Geo-Information Services & TerraSAR-X mission2. Surface Movement Monitoring
Principles
Example Infrastructure Monitoring
Example Tunnelling
Example oil exploitation
3. TerraSAR-X based Site Monitoring4. New Astrium GEO Service „GO Monitor“5. Conclusion
23 April 2012 - 44
TerraSAR-X based Site MonitoringApproaches
Intelligence Analysis,
Amplitude Change Detection (ACD): Analysis of intensity of two or more repeat-pass images,
Coherent Change Detection (CCD): Calculation of interferometric coherence of repeat-pass acquisitions for the detection of even subtle changes.
Benefits
Very high location accuracy,
weather and daytime independent provision,
high resolution,
wide area information.
23 April 2012 - 45
TerraSAR-X based
Site MonitoringSpecifications
Changes
between
15/01/2010 and 17/02/2010 Changes
between
17/02/2010 and 11/03/2010
CCD
Backscatter
Decrease
Backscatter
Increase
ACD
Change Detection -
Default Information: Amplitude Change Detection Product
RGB composite including TerraSAR-X images
Change layer –
Backscatter increased / decreased
Coherence Change Detection Product
Coherence images
Change layer with potentially changed areas
Position of changes indicated in Backscatter Intensity
Change Detection -
Optional Change assessmentLong time monitoring
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Coherence
Change Detection
Interferometric coherence, i.e. the measure
of phase
correlation, is
used
as
change
indicator.
Under
stable
conditions, CCD has the potential to detect
even
subtle
changes.
1 high coherence
0 low
coherence
Intensity 1
Intensity 2
Coherence
23 April 2012 - 47
TerraSAR-X based
Site MonitoringLatest
Results
–
Arak, Iran (Heavy Water Research
Reactor)
Backscatter
Intensity Coherence: Dark
pixels
indicate
changesor
activities
23 April 2012 - 48
TerraSAR-X based
Site MonitoringComparison
of SAR / Optical
Analysis –
Arak, Iran
December
15 25 30 520 10 15 20 25 3010
Januar 2011 / 2012
Formosat o✓building construction and
probable earthworks
building construction and new structures (e.g. fence)
Construction: ✓
= detected, o = partially
indicated, x = not
detected
SAR = useful
for
„closing
gaps“e.g. arising
through
clouds
Interferometric Coherence
(11-days)
Activities
Activities
Activities
Activities
Activities
Activities Activities✓ ✓ ✓✓
TerraSAR-X Intensity ✓✓
Dumpsite Earthworks
Changing Objects Changing Objects Changing Objects Changing Objects Changing Objects
✓✓ ✓
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TerraSAR-X based
Site MonitoringLatest
Results
–
Qom, Iran (Nuclear
Enrichment
Facility)
Backscatter
Intensity Coherence: Dark
pixels
indicate
changesor
activities
23 April 2012 - 50
Estimated
height:xav
= 28 m, θ
= 43.7°
→ Pylon height
≈
27 m
xh )tan(
TerraSAR-X based
Site MonitoringLatest
Results
–
Qom, Iran
Strong
backscatter, spatially
restricted
most
probably
thin
vertical
metallic object
most
probably
pylons
23 April 2012 - 51
TerraSAR-X based
Site MonitoringComparison
of SAR / Optical
Analysis –
Qom, Iran
October
15 25 30 520 10 15 20 25 30 5 1010
November December 2011
TerraSAR-X Intensity o ox ✓New pylonso o
xFormosat
x oPylons: ✓
= detected, o = partially
indicated, x = not
detected
Interferometric Coherence
(11-days)New changes and activities
New changes and activities
New changes and activities
New changes and activities✓ ✓ ✓✓ o
SAR = useful
for
early
detectionand focusing
of further
optical
analysis
23 April 2012 - 52
TerraSAR-X based
Site MonitoringIntegration of SAR / Optical
Analysis –
Approach
Dumpsite Earthworks
Changing Objects
building construction and probable earthworks
SARCoherence Change
Detection (CCD)
High Resolution Optical ImageryVisual Analysis
SARAmplitude Change Detection (ACD)
Very High Resolution Optical
ImageryVisual Analysis
- Detection of subtle surface changes (e.g. through earthworks) in advance to major construction- Initial characterization of activities / objects- Provision of „focus“ areas for identification
- Detection of smaller metallic objects through strong radar backscatter- Characterization of objects (e.g. height, length, width)- Potential for identification of extended objects
- Characterization of activities / objects- Identification of activities / objects
- Characterization of also smaller activities / objects- Identification of also smaller activities / objects
Det
ectio
nD
etec
tion
& Id
entif
icat
ion
Mon
itorin
g S
eque
nce
23 April 2012 - 53
Temporal mean
image
TerraSAR-X High-
Resolution
Spotlight
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Feature Extraction
Extraction
of infrastructure, e.g
likely
pylons
Coherence Intensity
Input:
TerraSAR-X High-
Resolution
Spotlight
23 April 2012 - 55
CovAmCoh
[Schulz et al., EUSAR 2010]
Input:
TerraSAR-X High-
Resolution
Spotlight
23 April 2012 - 56
Derivation of height
information
from
layover
from
interferometric phase
xh )tan(
Estimated
height
of tower: ~50 m
23 April 2012 - 57
Content
1. Astrium Geo-Information Services & TerraSAR-X mission2. Surface Movement Monitoring
Principles
Example Infrastructure Monitoring
Example Tunnelling
Example oil exploitation
3. TerraSAR-X based Site Monitoring4. New Astrium GEO Service „GO Monitor“5. Conclusion
23 April 2012 - 58
New Astrium GEO Service „GO Monitor“
Integrated approach commercially available in Astrium GEO’s
new
monitoring service “GO Monitor”
Configuration of data acquisition, processing and analysis fully based on customer needs
Included approaches (available in-
house)
IMINT / GEOINT
Surface Movement Monitoring
Sea Ice Monitoring
Oil Spill Monitoring
Asset Monitoring
easy access to monitoring results through dedicated website,
alert function.
For registration please visit https://www.go-monitor.com
Sensorportfolio: SPOT5, Pleiadés
1, Formosat-2, Deimos-1, TerraSAR-X, TanDEM-X
(SPOT6/7; Pleiades
2 soon, PAZ)
23 April 2012 - 59
Content
1. Astrium Geo-Information Services & TerraSAR-X mission2. Surface Movement Monitoring
Principles
Example Infrastructure Monitoring
Example Tunnelling
Example oil exploitation
3. TerraSAR-X based Site Monitoring4. New Astrium GEO Service „GO Monitor“5. Conclusion
23 April 2012 - 60
Conclusion
Strong capabilities for monitoring applications using High Resolution TerraSAR-X and sophisticated automated processing chains
Operational Surface Movement Analysis with very high precision, verified with ground-based references
Change Detection: Integrated Concept on a combined SAR / optical monitoring straightforward:
1. SAR CCD
for weather independent and timely
detection
of activities (construction, clear-cutting),
focusing
subsequent analysis using HR and VHR optical data.2. SAR ACD
for weather independent and timely detection of new objects /
changes and
identification3. HR and VHR optical analysis
for specific characterization of
activities
and
identification of changes / new objects
23 April 2012 - 61
Thank
you
for
your
attention
Dr. Oliver LangAstrium GEO-Information
ServicesFriedrichshafen, Germany
Tel: +49 7545 8 5520Email: [email protected]