1
Jennifer FogartySpace Medicine Constellation Integration Lead
April 21, 2009
Operations to Research: Communication of Lessons Learned
https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=20090019082 2020-06-04T09:50:34+00:00Z
2
RequirementsDevelopment
ResearchHow can we do
better?
OperationsLessons learned!
VerificationWere requirements
met?
DesignHands-on
architecturalinvolvement
Requirements Integration
Negotiating project buy-in
Human/System Integration Process
3
Human Spaceflight Experience:The Long and the Short of it…
Characteristics of the Vehicle
Habitat Environment
Partial Gravity Exposure
Countermeasure Availability
Physiological, Medical, Environmental Data
4
Selection and
Retention Standards
Prevention, Mitigation, or
Treatment
Pre-, In-, and Post-flight Monitoring
Reconditioning, Recovery, and Reassignment
4Jeffrey R. Davis, MD
Operational Approach
5
Selection and Retention StandardsScreening for disease, medical history, preventive strategies
Prevention, Mitigation, or TreatmentIn-flight countermeasures (exercise, nutrition, pharmaceuticals)
Pre-, In-, and Post-flight MonitoringEstablish degree of bone loss, skeletal muscle loss, magnitude of cardiovascular deconditioning, medical conditions, etc
Reconditioning, Recovery, and ReassignmentPost-flight training regimen, return to pre-flight baseline, and flight assignment
5Jeffrey R. Davis, MD
What do we mean by that?
6
Apollo Program• Health Stabilization
Program
• Video monitoring
• Biosensor harness
– O2 and CO2 levels
– Temperature
– Vital statistics
• Metabolic expenditure during EVA
7
Skylab Program• Data down-linking (12-
24 hours after experiment)
• Real-time biomedical research meetings
• In-flight medical unit
9
Shuttle-Mir• 975 days on Mir, 7 astronauts
– Norman Thagard – 115– Shannon Lucid – 188– John Blaha – 128 – Jerry Linenger - 132– Mike Foale – 134– David Wolf – 145– Andy Thomas – 128
9Jeffrey R. Davis, MD
11 11Jeffrey R. Davis, MD
International Space StationBMD % Change from Preflight
Expeditions 1-16 (n=20)
-30.0
-25.0
-20.0
-15.0
-10.0
-5.0
0.0
5.0
LumbarSpine
FemoralNeck
Trochanter WholeBody
Heel Pelvis
-25
-20
-15
-10
-5
0
5
10
0 300 600 900 1200 1500Days-After-Landing
BM
D C
hang
e (%
)
-25
-20
-15
-10
-5
0
5
10
0 300 600 900 1200 1500Days-After-Landing
BM
D C
hang
e (%
)
PelvisLoss0=7.7% Recovery Half-life=97 d
Percent Change in Estimated VO2 Index from Pre-Flight Expeditions 1-16 (n=20)
-40
-30
-20-10
0
10
2030
40
50
0-29 30-69 70-99 100-129 130-149 150+ R+4-7 R+30-35
% c
hang
e fr
om p
re-fl
ight
Medical Requirements collect physiological, medical and environmental data
Data can be used to assess the individual or the population
12 12Jeffrey R. Davis, MD
International Space Station
TVIS
I-RED
CEVIS
ISS Exercise Hardware Availability Timeline
I-REDAssembly
EXP1 EXP2 EXP3 EXP4 EXP5 EXP6 EXP7 EXP8 EXP9
CEVIS Assembly
TVIS Assembly
restricted to arm ergometry
failing control panel
EXP10
SchRED replaces I-RED
EXP12EXP11
10/00 09/0506/02 10/03 04/0510/0404/0311/0203/01 12/0108/01 04/04
EXP13 EXP14 EXP15 EXP16
03/06 09/06 04/07 10/07
CCC Installed
failed control panel; CCC
installed
DC power converter
failure
7th fwd stbd roller deteriorated
Incorrect thimble on new cord
T1 → T2iRED → SchRED → ARED
Constraints: Time; Money; Mass; Power; Volume
13
Orion Support to ISS Missions
• Transport up to 6 crew members on Orion for crew rotation
• 210 day stay time• Emergency lifeboat for
entire ISS crew• Deliver pressurized
cargo for ISS resupply