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Ophthalmic

Disordersma.princesalban

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Populatio

n(Millions)

(A)Blind (B)Low

Vision

(A+B)

VisuallyImpaired

6,737.50

39.365 246.024 285.389

New estimates of visualimpairment and blindness: 2010

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Blindness in the Philippines

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Executive Summary of the Second NationalSurvey of Blindness, Philippines, 1995

Among the 85 million people of the Philippines, anestimated half a million people are blind, and many morewho are visually impaired to a lesser degree.

The leading cause of blindness among adults in thePhilippines is cataract, accounting for around 400,000cases

Up to one hundred children lose their sight every week inthe Philippines. Almost half of these cases are eithertreatable or preventable.

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Executive Summary of the Second NationalSurvey of Blindness, Philippines, 1995

Cataract, glaucoma and uncorrected aphakia were themost common causes of blindness found during thissecond national survey

Prevention of Blindness Program of the Department ofHealth was launched, the biggest component of which isthe cataract backlog eradication program.( Cataract

Backlog Project which is Oplan Sagip Mata)

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Common Eye Disorders

Presbyopia

Cataracts

Glaucoma Diabetic Retinopathy

Macular Degeneration

Retinal Detachment

Eye infection, inflammation or injury

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Diagnostic Procedures

Snellens Chart

Ishihara plate

Retinoscopy

Cover- uncover test

Tonometry

Gonioscopy

Perimetry

Bjerrum TangentScreen

Opthalmoscopy

Slit LampBiomicroscopy

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Treatments

I. Drug Therapy

Local anesthetics

Parasympathomimetic drugs (miotics)-Pilocarpine Hcl 0.5-10%

-Carbachol 1.5-3%

-Acetylcholine Cl 1%

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Treatments

I. Drug Therapy

Parasympatholytic Drugs (mydriatics)

-Neo- Synephrine 2.5/10%

-Atropine SO4 0.5,/1,/4%

-Scopolamine Hydrobromide 0.25%

-Cyclopentolate HCl (Cyclogyl) 1%, 2%

-Tropicamide (Mydriacyl) 0.5%, 1%

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TreatmentsI. Drug Therapy

Antimicrobials-Gentamycin 0.3%

-Neosporin

-Chloroptic eye drop

Steroids

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Diamox)

Beta Blockers (Timolol Maleate)

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Treatments

II. Surgery

Cataract removal (ICCE and ECCE)

Iridectomy Laser surgery

Scleral buckling

Trabeculectomy

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Assessment

HistoryCurrent health status, previous health status,family health status, lifestyle patterns

Physical examination

inspect conjunctiva, assess the pupils,

muscle eye functions and intraocularstructures

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Assessment

Monitor for S/S of: Frequent headache

Frequent eyestrain

Blurred vision

Poor judgement of depth

Tendency to close or favor one eye

Diplopia

Poor eye-hand coordination

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Nursing Diagnoses

Disturbed sensory perception (visual)

Risk for injury

Risk for infection

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Nursing Interventions

Allow patient express his feelings

Assist the client in adapting environment tomaintain safety

-increase amt of light in a room

-remove hazards

-provide phone large numbers or auto dials

Assist the client with adaptation to reduced vision-magnifying lens or large prints

-talking devices

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Nursing Interventions

Health promotion to prevent eye and visionproblems

-wear sunglasses

-protect eye form airborne risk-wash hands before and after touching eyes

-dont smoke

-limit alcohol intake

-control BP , Cholesterol and Blood glucose-antioxidant rich foods

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Nursing Interventions

Administer medications as prescribed

Initiate referrals as appropriate (socialservices, support groups, low vision resources)

Encourage adults 40 or older to have annualexamination including a measurement ofintraocular pressure

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General Care for Eye Surgeries

Preoperative care

Orient patient if both eyes are to be coveredpost-op

Practice covering the eyes for a child

Place call light within reach

Instillation of drug combinations to DILATEthe pupil

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General Care for Eye Surgeries

Postoperative care general goal

To Prevent:

IOPSuture line stress

Hemorrhage

Infection

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Expected Outcomes

Patient performs self-care activities safelyand within limits

Patient uses adaptive and assistive devices

Patient develops no infectionpostoperatively

Patient states that he understands

postoperative care and the symptoms ofinfection

VISION 2020 PHILIPPINES THE RIGHT TO SIGHT

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VISION 2020 PHILIPPINES: THE RIGHT TO SIGHT

VISION 2020 : THE RIGHT TOSIGHT

A global initiative for the elimination ofavoidable blindness,

launched in 1999 By World Health Organization (WHO) and

the International Agency for the Prevention

of Blindness (IAPB) with an internationalmembership of NGOs, professionalassociations, eye care institutions andcorporations.