1 Medical Terminology Unit 15 Ophthalmology, Endocrinology, and Medical Specialties Ophthalm/o = Eye Ophthalm/itis: Inflammation of the eye Ophthalm/ic: Pertaining to the eye Ophthalm/algia, Ophthalm/o/dynia: Pain in the eye Ophthalm/o/meter: Instrument for measuring the eye (curvature of the cornea) Ophthalm/o/ptosis, Exophthalmos: Herniation of an eye (abnormal protrusion) Ocul/ar: Pertaining to the eye Ophthalm/o = Eye Any ocular disease Plastic surgery of the eye Paralysis of the eye (muscles) o Ophthalm/o/pathy o Ophthalm/o/plasty o Ophthalm/o/plegia Ophthalm/o = Eye Ophthalm/o/logy: the medical specialty studying eye disease and surgery of the eye Ophthalm/o/logist: Physician who practices in ophthalmology specialty Ophthalm/o/scopy: The examination of the interior of the eye using an instrument Ophthalm/o/scope: The instrument used for eye examination Op/ia Opt/ic Opt/o Ophthalm/o Ophthalm/ic • Suffix for vision • Adjective- Pertaining to vision • Combining form for vision • Combining form for eye • Adjective- Pertaining to eye Opt/o = Vision Opt/o/metrist: One who measures visual acuity Opt/ic: The cranial nerve for vision (adj.) Opt/o/metry: The measurement of vision (Practice assessing vision disorders)
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Medical Terminology
Unit 15Ophthalmology, Endocrinology,
and Medical Specialties
Ophthalm/o = EyeOphthalm/itis: Inflammation of the eye
Ophthalm/ic: Pertaining to the eye
Ophthalm/algia, Ophthalm/o/dynia: Pain in the eyeOphthalm/o/meter: Instrument for measuring
the eye (curvature of the cornea)Ophthalm/o/ptosis, Exophthalmos: Herniationof an eye (abnormal protrusion)
Ocul/ar: Pertaining to the eye
Ophthalm/o = EyeAny ocular diseasePlastic surgery of the eyeParalysis of the eye (muscles)
o Ophthalm/o/pathyo Ophthalm/o/plastyo Ophthalm/o/plegia
Ophthalm/o = EyeOphthalm/o/logy: the medical specialty studying eye disease and surgery of the eyeOphthalm/o/logist: Physician who practices in ophthalmology specialtyOphthalm/o/scopy: The examination of the interior of the eye using an instrumentOphthalm/o/scope: The instrument used for eye examination
Op/iaOpt/icOpt/oOphthalm/oOphthalm/ic
• Suffix for vision• Adjective- Pertaining to vision• Combining form for vision• Combining form for eye• Adjective- Pertaining to eye
Opt/o = VisionOpt/o/metrist: One who measures visual acuityOpt/ic: The cranial nerve for vision (adj.)Opt/o/metry: The measurement of vision (Practice assessing vision disorders)
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Ophthalmologist=Physician (MD or DO) specialist in treating diseases of the eye and performing surgeryDegree from medical school
Certified Ophthalmic Technician (COT)=Technician that assists ophthalmologists with eye exams and helps fit corrective lenses
Optometrist=Licensed practitioner (OD) limited to eye examinations and prescribing corrective lensesDegree from optometry school
-opia = VisionCyan/opia: Defect in vision that causes objects to appear blueXanth/opia: Yellow visionChlor/opia: Green visionErythr/opia: Red vision
-opia = VisionMy/opiaHyper/opiaPresby/opia
Dipl/opia
vNearsightednessv Farsightednessv Loss of accommodation,
“old vision”vDouble vision
Diplo- = DoubleDiplo/cardia: Having a double heartDiplo/genesis: Production of double parts or double substancesDiplo/coccus: Coccus that grows in pairsDiplo/bacillus: Bacillus that occurs in pairs
Ambi- = Both, Both sidesAmbi/later/al: Pertaining to both sidesAmbi/dextr/ous: Can work well with both handsAmbi/opia: Both eyes (ou) form separate images (vision)Ambi/valence (n.): Unable to decide, Wavering on both sides
Ambi/valent (adj.)
-opter = VisibleOptos = that which seesDi/opter: A unit of measurement of refraction in the eye
OS+1D = left eye 1 diopter
Dia/scope: An instrument for examining through
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Tropia = Turning Trope = TurningWhen the eyes appear to be turned in an abnormal position, it is called strabismus or squint
Tropia = TurningEyes pointing outwardEyes pointing inwardEyes pointing upwardEyes pointing downwardPermanent deviation of the eye around its anteroposterior axis
Phor(ia) = To carry, BearDys/phoria: A feeling of depression. Carry an ill feeling.Eu/phoria: Feeling of well beingPhor/opt/er: An instrument used to determine the prescription strength needed for corrective lensesPhor/o/meter: The instrument that measures the tone and pull of the eye-moving (bearing) muscle
Blephar/o = EyelidBlephar/o/ptosis: Prolapse of an eyelidBlephar/edema: swelling of the eyelidOidein = to become swollenBlephar/itis: Inflammation of an eyelidBlephar/otomy: Incision of an eyelid
Blephar/o = EyelidExcision of lesions on the eyelid
Surgical repair of an eyelid
Twitching of an eyelid
Prolapse of an eyelid (droopy eyelid)
Suture of the eyelid
Blephar/ectomy
Blephar/o/plasty
Blephar/o/spasm
Blephar/o/ptosis
Blephar/o/rrhaphy
Conjunctiv/o = ConjunctivaConjunctiva is the membrane that:
lines the eyelids à palpebral conjunctivaLine the sclera à ocular conjunctiva
Conjunctiv/itis: Inflammation of conjunctiva
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Phac/o = Crystalline lensPhac/o/cele: Dislocation of the lens
Phacos = lentilLentils have a biconvex shape just like the crystalline lens of the eye
Phac/o/emulsification: Ultrasonic treatment to emulsify the lens and to remove the cataract
Cataracts are opacities of the lens of the eye
Scler/o = ScleraScleras = hardSclera: White, “hard” outer coat of the eyeScler/o/sis: Condition of hardness
Scler/o = ScleraPertaining to the sclera (adj.)Excision of the sclera (or part)Formation of an opening into the scleraInflammation of the sclera
q Scler/al
q Scler/ectomy
q Scler/o/stomy
q Scler/itis
Ir/o, Irid/o = IrisColored part of the eyeIr/itis: Inflammation of the irisCorne/o/ir/itis: Inflammation of the cornea and irisScler/o/ir/itis: Inflammation of the sclera and irisIr/ides (Plural)
Ir/o, Irid/o = IrisIrid/o/cele: Protrusion of the iris (dislocation)Irid/algia: Pain in the irisIrid/ectomy: Excision of part or all of the iris
Ir/o, Irid/o = IrisProlapse of the irisSoftening of the irisRupture of the irisParalysis of the iris
ü Irid/o/ptosisü Irid/o/malaciaü Irid/o/rrhexisü Irid/o/plegiaü Irid/o/paralysis
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Retin/o = RetinaRetin/al: Pertaining to the retinaRetin/itis: Inflammation of the retinaRetin/o/pexy: Fixation of a detached retinaRetin/o/plasty: Surgical repair of retinaRetin/o/scope: Instrument used to examine the refractive error of the eye (retina)Retin/o/scopy: The process of using a retinoscope. Also known as “Skiascopy”.
GlaucomaA disease of the eye in which the intraocular pressure is increased.
Open angle glaucomaAngle closure glaucomaCongenital
Cor/e, Core/o = PupilCor /ectopia: Pupil out of placeCor /e/lysis: Destruction of the pupil
Cor /ectasia (is): Dilatation (stretching) of the pupil
Anis/o/coria: Unequal pupil sizeCore/o/meter, Pupil/o/meter: Instrument for measuring the pupil
Core/o/metry, Pupil/o/metry: Measurement of the pupil
Core/o/plasty: Plastic surgery of the pupil
Corne/o = CorneaCorne/al: (adj.) Pertaining to corneaCorne/o/ir/itis: Inflammation of cornea and irisCorne/o/scler/al: Pertaining to cornea and sclera
Kerat/o = CorneaKerat/ectasia (is): Forward bulging (dilatation) of the corneaKerat/o/cele: Herniation of the cornea (protrusion of the cornea)Kerat/o/plasty: Plastic operation of the cornea (corneal transplant)Kerat/o/tomy: Incision of the cornea
Radial keratotomy = Making small incision into the cornea to improve vision in myopia
Kerat/o/rrhexis: Corneal ruptureKerat/o/scler/itis: Inflammation of cornea and sclera
Cycl/o = Ciliary bodyCyclos = CircleCiliary body encircles the inside of the iris and controls the iris shape/sizeCycl/o/plegia (n.): Paralysis of the ciliary body
Cycl/o/plegic (adj.)Cycl/o/kerat/itis: Ciliary body and cornea inflammation
Lacrim/ation: Tearing, CryingNas/o/lacrim/al: Pertaining to the nasal passages and the tear ducts
Nasolacrimal duct drains away the tears
Lacrimal fluid keeps the surface of the eye moistened
Dacry/o = TearsDacry/o/rrhea: Excessive lacrimation, Flow of tearsDacry/o/cyst/itis: Tear sac inflammationDacry/o/aden/algia: Pain in tear glandDacry/oma: Tumor of the tear duct or glandDacry/o/py/o/rrhea: Discharge of pus from tear glandDacry/o/cyst/o/cele: Herniation of the tear sacDacry/o/lith: Stone in the tear duct
Dacry/o = TearsExcessive flow of tearsProlapse of the tear sacAn instrument for cutting (incising) the tear sac
Onych/o = NailsOnych/o/malac/ia: Softening of the nailsOnych/o/myc/osis: Fungus infection (condition) of the nailsOnych/o/phagia: Nail biting (eating)Onych/o/crypt/osis: Hidden nail or condition of nail being hidden, Ingrown nailPar/onych/ia: Condition of infection in the tissues around the nail
Onych/o = NailsResembling a nailTumor of the nail (or nail bed)Any nail condition
Onych/oidOnych/oma
Onych/osis
Trich/o = HairTrich/o/genous: Promoting hair growthTrich/iasis: Formation of hair (in the wrong places)Trich/o/glossia (n.): Hairy tongueTrich/oid: Resembling hairTrich/o/phobia: Abnormal fear of hairTrich/o/pathy: Air hair disease
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Cyt/o = CellCyt/o/meter: An instrument for measuring (counting) cellsCyt/o/metry: The process of measuring (counting) cellsCyt/o/stasis: Stopping or controlling cellsCyt/o/scopy: Examination of cells
Phag/o = Eat, SwallowPhag/ia: Condition of eating or swallowingPhag/o/cyte: A cell that eats microorganismsPhag/o/cyt/osis: The process of the cells eating microorganismsCyt/o/phagy = Phag/o/cyt/osisMacr/o/phage: A large phagocyteMicr/o/phage: A small phagocyte
Endo- = InsideEndo/crine: To secrete inside. Glands that secrete hormonesEndo/crin/ology: The medical specialty studying the endocrine systemEndo/crin/ologist: The specialist (physician) in the study of endocrine system
Combining Form MeaningThyroid/o, thyr/oThym/oAdren/oPancreat/oOophor/oTestic/, Orchid/o, Orchi/o
Adren/o = Adrenal glandAdren/o/pathy: Any disease condition of the adrenal glandsAdren/o/megaly: Enlargement of the adrenal glandsAdren/o/lysis: Destruction of adrenal tissueAdrenal glands are also called Supra/renal glands because they are above the kidneys.Supra/renal glands produce epi/nephr/ine.
Pituitary GlandPituitary gland (hypophysis) is an endocrine gland secreting a number of hormones that regulate many bodily processes including growth, reproduction, and various metabolic activities.
Anterior lobePosterior lobe
-emia = Blood conditionIsch/emia: A condition in which blood flow is interrupted
Transient ischemic attack (TIA) = temporary interruption of blood flow in brain
Leuk/emia: Blood cancer with abnormally increased leukocyte count
-emia = Blood conditionReduction in red blood cellsToo much blood (in one part)Urine constituents in the blood
Blood in the urine
An/emia
Hyper/emia
Ur/emia
Hemat/uria
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Traumat/o = TraumaTrauma = Wound or injuryTraumat/ology: The study of caring for woundsTraumat/ic: Pertaining to wounds
Various injury typesAbrasionContusionEvulsionPunctureFractureLaceration
Ø ScrapeØ BruiseØ A tearing awayØ Make a holeØ BreakØ A cut
Specialty Specialist Limits of FieldPathology PathologistDermatology Dermatologist
