56
IN BAHRAIN NEXUS uniti ng water energy food OPPORTUNITIES FOR DUTCH COOPERATION Dutch connection in Bahrein
IN BAHRAIN
NEXUSuniting water energy food
OPPORTUNITIES FOR DUTCH COOPERATION
Dutch connection in Bahrein
EY’s Sustainability and Climate Change Team in MENA carried out the detailed research and analysis for this report, commissioned by the Embassy of the Kingdom of the Netherlands in Kuwait and Bahrain.
comments of numerous experts, including: Bahrain Chamber of Commerce, Bahrain Economic
Gas Authority.
IN BAHRAINNEXUS
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
uniting water energy food
Holland.
Frans PotuytAmbassador of the Kingdom of the Netherlands
UNDERSTANDING AND MANAGING THE
INTRODUCTION
COPYRIGHT
Copyright ©Embassy of the Kingdom of the Netherlands in Kuwait and Bahrain 2019
the Netherlands in Kuwait and Bahrain and are subjected to copyright by the Embassy of the Kingdom of the
Netherlands in Kuwait and Bahrain) with the year of copyright.
Kuwait.
DISCLAIMER
material therein.
opinion on the part of the Embassy of the Kingdom of the Netherlands concerning the legal status of any region,
BAHRAIN OVERVIEWKingdom of Bahrain
Power generation in Bahrain
Bahrain consumes around 354.6 million m3 annually supplied through non-renewable groundwater. Agriculture is the largest water consuming sectors at 45%. Desalination provides around 99% of all potable water needs.
Water production/withdrawal in Bahrain
BAHRAIN WATER-ENERGY-FOOD RESOURCES
Renewables(solar, wind etc.)
FuelOil
Natural Gas
Nuclear Thermal Desalination(fossil fuel)
Reverse Osmosis(from Grid)
Treated Wastewater
Groundwater Abstraction
Waste-to-Energy/Biogas
LAND AREA:
CLIMATE:
TERRAIN:
ARABLE LAND:
ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES:
ENVIRONMENT AGREEMENTS:
NATURAL RESOURCES:
POPULATION:
URBANIZATION:
GDP (PPP)
GDP - PER CAPITA (PPP):
INDUSTRIES:
760 sq km
Arid, mild, pleasant winters; very hot, humid summers
Mostly low desert plain rising gently to low central escarpment
2.1%
degradation
1,410,942 (July 2017 est.) Expatriates: 54% (2010 est.)
89.3% of the total population
$70.44 billion (2017 est.)
0.3% Agriculture, 38.2% Industry, 61.5% Services (2017 est.)
$48,500 (2017 est.)
banking, insurance, ship repairing, tourism
Manama
commercial sectors being the highest consuming sectors. The vast majority ofelectricity generated in Bahrain is through natural gas.
Food production and acquisition in Bahrain
Food Imports
Red Sea
Arabian Gulf
Arabian Sea
Foreign Direct Investmentin farmland abroad
Domestic FoodProduction
Food imports represents 92% of the total food demand
• Bahrain’s top three food import partners are: Saudi Arabia, Turkey and the UAE
• Bahrain has been less active compared to some of its gulf neighbours in FDI, how it hasacquired some agricultural land in Turkey and Sudan
• Bahrian’s agricultural capacity
limited arable land, however it does produce dates, fruits and tomatoes.
Food loss in industrialized asian countries across supply chain
Production
17%Processing &
Packaging
2%Distribution &
Marketing
11%
Investment opportunities for Dutch companies (for full list, refer to Chapter 4)
Water Energy
Food
Food-Energy• Greenhouse and storage cooling
systems•• Virtual stockpiling ••
Water-Food• Aquaculture••• Food monitoring systems
• Food import derisking & early warning systems
• Surface water farming
Water-Energy• Renewable powered Desalination• District cooling• Sewage sludge to biogas•
•• Enhanced oil recovery (CO2)• Solar cooling systems•
Consumption
46%Handling &
Storage
23%to reduce losses at handling & storage, and consumption. Along with biogas opportunities post consumption.
HIGHLIGHTED INVESTMENT OPPORTUNITIES
~99% <1% 0%<1% 0%No
plans
Desalination 35.6% 9.7% 54.6%Power Mix
Trend
Water Mix
Trend1 plant
only
Wate
r-Food
Wate
r R
eso
urc
es
Irri
gati
on
me
tho
ds
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od
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ro/D
rip
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deficit
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fed
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ast
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s
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ilize
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lination
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quaculture
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Fe
rtiliz
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g
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undw
ate
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Aquifer
pollu
tion
Sea
Alg
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om
sDead z
ones
Se
ed
s
Landsc
apin
g &
fore
stry
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ndsca
pin
gF
ore
str
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Food P
roduct
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Liv
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ck &
Da
iry
Livest
ock
Pro
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Sla
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rhouse
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Food
Wate
r
Dairy
Sust
ain
able
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Aq
ua
cu
ltu
re
Land-b
ase
dT
rad
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ff:: W
ate
r
Ponds
Fences
Clo
sed sy
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aquaculture
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Inte
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ate
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Clim
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upply
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