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Opportunities for Sustainable Intensification of Agricultural Practices to Improve Crop Productivity of Small Holding Farmers Practices to Improve Crop Productivity of Small Holding Farmers in West Africa P.V. Vara Prasad 1,* , Jesse B. Naab 2 , I. Yahaya 2 Mamadou Doumbia 3 and Timothy Dalton 4 1 Department of Agronomy, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, USA 2 Savanna Agricultural Research Institute, Wa, Ghana 3 Institute of Economics and Rural Development, Bamako, Mali 4 Department of Agricultural Economics, Kansas State University, Kansas, USA *E-mail mail: [email protected] : [email protected] E mail mail: [email protected] : [email protected]
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Page 1: Opportunities for Sustainable Intensification of Agricultural … · 2020. 9. 15. · Opportunities for Sustainable Intensification of Agricultural Practices to Improve Crop Productivity

Opportunities for Sustainable Intensification of Agricultural Practices to Improve Crop Productivity of Small Holding FarmersPractices to Improve Crop Productivity of Small Holding Farmers

in West Africa

P.V. Vara Prasad1,*, Jesse B. Naab2, I. Yahaya2

Mamadou Doumbia3 and Timothy Dalton4

1 Department of Agronomy, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, USA 2 Savanna Agricultural Research Institute, Wa, Ghana3 Institute of Economics and Rural Development, Bamako, Mali4 Department of Agricultural Economics, Kansas State University, Kansas, USA

**EE--mailmail: [email protected]: [email protected] mailmail: [email protected]: [email protected]

Page 2: Opportunities for Sustainable Intensification of Agricultural … · 2020. 9. 15. · Opportunities for Sustainable Intensification of Agricultural Practices to Improve Crop Productivity

Presentation: OutlinePresentation: Outline

11.. ChallengesChallenges toto GlobalGlobal AgricultureAgriculture..

22.. CropCrop ProductionProduction ConstraintsConstraints inin WestWest AfricaAfrica (Ghana)(Ghana)..22.. CropCrop ProductionProduction ConstraintsConstraints inin WestWest AfricaAfrica (Ghana)(Ghana)..

33.. RoleRole ofof ConservationConservation AgriculturalAgricultural PracticesPractices..

44.. ProjectProject ObjectivesObjectives andand ResearchResearch ApproachApproach..

55.. PreliminaryPreliminary ResultsResults

66.. QuestionsQuestions andand DiscussionDiscussion..66.. QuestionsQuestions andand DiscussionDiscussion..

Page 3: Opportunities for Sustainable Intensification of Agricultural … · 2020. 9. 15. · Opportunities for Sustainable Intensification of Agricultural Practices to Improve Crop Productivity

Past, Current and Future PopulationPast, Current and Future Population

14

Current Population (25 September 2011): 6,922,490,460on

s 10

12 World Population

on in

Billi

o

6

8

Pop

ulat

io

2

4

0

Year0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500

Page 4: Opportunities for Sustainable Intensification of Agricultural … · 2020. 9. 15. · Opportunities for Sustainable Intensification of Agricultural Practices to Improve Crop Productivity

Future Population Growth: Major CountriesFuture Population Growth: Major Countries

300020002050

56% 10% 50% 120%

ons

2000

25002050

2,367

1 941

tion,

mill

io

1500

2000

1,437

1,628

1,941

1,520

1,301 5% 42% 39%

Pop

ulat

1000668

778

,

1,087

885

728

549

-5% 42% 39%

0

500 457549

326

0Asia

Oceania(less China and India)

China India Africa Europe LatinAmerica

NorthAmerica

Page 5: Opportunities for Sustainable Intensification of Agricultural … · 2020. 9. 15. · Opportunities for Sustainable Intensification of Agricultural Practices to Improve Crop Productivity

Most Important Challenges to AgricultureMost Important Challenges to Agriculture

j h ll ki ( )

Survey results of global scientific communities in national and international research institutes.

Major Challenge Ranking (%)1. Climate Change 512. Water Stress3. Desertification

2928

4. Water Pollution5. Loss of Biodiversity

2823

Source: Dr. John Sheehy, International Rice Research Institute: Survey of most significant environmental challenges to agriculture in 21st century.

Drought (water scarcity) was one of the top three concerns.

Page 6: Opportunities for Sustainable Intensification of Agricultural … · 2020. 9. 15. · Opportunities for Sustainable Intensification of Agricultural Practices to Improve Crop Productivity

W. Africa: Problems: Climate ChangeW. Africa: Problems: Climate Change

Projected TemperaturesProjected Water Resources

West Africa is going to experience more heat and drought stress.West Africa is going to experience more heat and drought stress.

Page 7: Opportunities for Sustainable Intensification of Agricultural … · 2020. 9. 15. · Opportunities for Sustainable Intensification of Agricultural Practices to Improve Crop Productivity

W. Africa: Mali and GhanaW. Africa: Mali and Ghana

Page 8: Opportunities for Sustainable Intensification of Agricultural … · 2020. 9. 15. · Opportunities for Sustainable Intensification of Agricultural Practices to Improve Crop Productivity

Problems: Soil Erosion and Soil QualityProblems: Soil Erosion and Soil Quality

Soil Erosion: Wind Soil Erosion: Water

Wild Fires: Burning Poor Soil Fertility

Page 9: Opportunities for Sustainable Intensification of Agricultural … · 2020. 9. 15. · Opportunities for Sustainable Intensification of Agricultural Practices to Improve Crop Productivity

Problems: Soil Fertility and Fertilizer UseProblems: Soil Fertility and Fertilizer Use

NetherlandsVietnam

Sub-Saharan African countries use less than 10Vietnam

JapanUK

ChinaFrance

Brazil

countries use less than 10 kg/ha of fertilizer

(versus an average of 100-BrazilUSAIndia

South AfricaCubaBenin

200 kg/ha in Asia)

MalawiEthiopia

MaliBurkina Faso

Nigeria

Cost of fertilizer for West African farmer is similar or higher than US farmers cost. B t hi i i 0 10%g

TanzaniaMozambique

GuineaGhana

Uganda

Sources: FAOSTAT (July 2002); Norman Borlaug (2004)

But his income is 0.10% compared to US farmers.

Wages per day is about <$5.

0 100 200 300 400 500 600 Kg/ha

Page 10: Opportunities for Sustainable Intensification of Agricultural … · 2020. 9. 15. · Opportunities for Sustainable Intensification of Agricultural Practices to Improve Crop Productivity

Problems: Cultivar Adoption and GeneticsProblems: Cultivar Adoption and Genetics

AsiaAsia

Mid. East &

N. Africa.

Latin America

Sub-Saharan Africa

Source: Calculated from data in R.E. Evenson and D. Gollin, 2003. Source: Calculated from data in R.E. Evenson and D. Gollin, 2003. Crop Crop Variety Improvement and its Effect on ProductivityVariety Improvement and its Effect on Productivity. Cambridge, MA: CABI.. Cambridge, MA: CABI.

Page 11: Opportunities for Sustainable Intensification of Agricultural … · 2020. 9. 15. · Opportunities for Sustainable Intensification of Agricultural Practices to Improve Crop Productivity

Our Project: GoalOur Project: Goal

Our overall goal is to provide food security by Our overall goal is to provide food security by increasing economic returns to smallholder farming increasing economic returns to smallholder farming g gg g

households dependent on rainhouseholds dependent on rain--fed agriculture.fed agriculture.

Thi ill b hi d h h dThi ill b hi d h h d i i fi i fThis will be achieved through genderThis will be achieved through gender--sensitive farmer sensitive farmer participatory development, discovery and participatory development, discovery and

dissemination of sustainable CAPS that improve soildissemination of sustainable CAPS that improve soildissemination of sustainable CAPS that improve soil dissemination of sustainable CAPS that improve soil quality, water capture, water use efficiency, crop quality, water capture, water use efficiency, crop

productivity, and efficient use of inputs and labor. productivity, and efficient use of inputs and labor. p y, pp y, p

Page 12: Opportunities for Sustainable Intensification of Agricultural … · 2020. 9. 15. · Opportunities for Sustainable Intensification of Agricultural Practices to Improve Crop Productivity

Region Region –– Ghana Ghana –– Upper West Upper West -- VillagesVillages

Districts: Municipal, Wa West, Nadowli and Lawra. p , ,

Lawra District: Brutu, Bo and Puffiu. (NGO, LACERD).

Nadowli District: Sombo (NGO, Upper West Agro-Industries

W M i i l B d B T (NGO U WWa Municipal: Busa, and Busa Tangzu. (NGO Upper WestAgro-Industries)

Wa West District: Nyoli, Sieyiri, Dornye, and Kpongri. (NGO responsible is Lassia Tuolu Agric. Project).

Working in 10 villages Upper West RegionWorking in 10 villages Upper West Region

Page 13: Opportunities for Sustainable Intensification of Agricultural … · 2020. 9. 15. · Opportunities for Sustainable Intensification of Agricultural Practices to Improve Crop Productivity

Region Region –– Ghana Ghana –– Upper West Upper West -- VillagesVillages

Upper West region is food insecure and vulnerable.Upper West region is food insecure and vulnerable.

Page 14: Opportunities for Sustainable Intensification of Agricultural … · 2020. 9. 15. · Opportunities for Sustainable Intensification of Agricultural Practices to Improve Crop Productivity

Region Region -- Ghana Ghana –– Upper West Upper West -- SoilSoil

Average soil fertility status of upper west regionAverage soil fertility status of upper west regionSource: Soil Research Institute (SRI) CSIR Source: Soil Research Institute (SRI) CSIR --Kumasi.Kumasi.

Trait Upper West

Soil pH 6.0 – 6.8

Organic matter (%) 0.5 – 1.3

Total nitrogen (%) 0.01 – 0.07

Available P (mg /kg soil) 2.0 – 7.4

Available Ca (mg / kg soil) 52 - 152

Available crop growing season is about 180 Available crop growing season is about 180 –– 210 days.210 days.Soil are mostly light textured with poor fertility.Soil are mostly light textured with poor fertility.

Page 15: Opportunities for Sustainable Intensification of Agricultural … · 2020. 9. 15. · Opportunities for Sustainable Intensification of Agricultural Practices to Improve Crop Productivity

Region Region –– Ghana Ghana –– Upper West Upper West -- CropsCrops

Group Crops

Main Crops in Upper West Region

Cereals Maize, millet, sorghum, rice

Industrial crops Cotton, sheanut

Legumes Cowpea, bambara nut, g p , ,groundnut, soybean

Fruits Papaya, mango, cashew,

Vegetables Tomato, pepper, okra,

Roots and tubers Yam, cassava, sweet potato

Main crops include sorghum, millet, maize, peanut, cowpea and Main crops include sorghum, millet, maize, peanut, cowpea and bambarabambara nutsnuts

Page 16: Opportunities for Sustainable Intensification of Agricultural … · 2020. 9. 15. · Opportunities for Sustainable Intensification of Agricultural Practices to Improve Crop Productivity

Region Region –– Mali Mali –– Mid and North Districts Mid and North Districts

Villages Region Rain (mm) Cropping Systemg Region Rain (mm) Cropping System

Koporopin Mopti 500 Millet

Lagassagou Mopti 500 Millet

Fambougou Segou 700 Millet / Sorghum

Bouawere Segou 700 Millet / Sorghum

Siguidolo Segou 800 Sorghum

Oumarbougou Sikasso 800 Maize

Fansirakoro Koulikoro 900 Maize

Noyaradougou Sikasso 1000 Maize

Most northern regions are food insecure and vulnerable.Most northern regions are food insecure and vulnerable.

Noyaradougou Sikasso 1000 Maize

Page 17: Opportunities for Sustainable Intensification of Agricultural … · 2020. 9. 15. · Opportunities for Sustainable Intensification of Agricultural Practices to Improve Crop Productivity

Region Region –– Mali Mali ––Rainfall and CropsRainfall and Crops

Most central and northern regions are dry and south is wet.Most central and northern regions are dry and south is wet.Important crops include sorghum, millet and cotton in north.Important crops include sorghum, millet and cotton in north.

Page 18: Opportunities for Sustainable Intensification of Agricultural … · 2020. 9. 15. · Opportunities for Sustainable Intensification of Agricultural Practices to Improve Crop Productivity

Conservation Agricultural Practices (CAPS)Conservation Agricultural Practices (CAPS)Can CAPS help small farmers improve productivity and help adapt to climate change?Can CAPS help small farmers improve productivity and help adapt to climate change?Can CAPS help small farmers improve productivity and help adapt to climate change? Can CAPS help small farmers improve productivity and help adapt to climate change?

Crop Residue Cover Crop Minimum Tillage

Crop Rotation Water Harvesting Nutrient Management

Page 19: Opportunities for Sustainable Intensification of Agricultural … · 2020. 9. 15. · Opportunities for Sustainable Intensification of Agricultural Practices to Improve Crop Productivity

Our Project: Critical QuestionsOur Project: Critical QuestionsCritical questions associated with CAPs for smallholderresource-poor farmers of Ghana, include:

(a) which CAPs can positively contribute to productivity, addressneeds of farmers and under what specific conditions;

(b) what are positive and negative aspects (trade-offs) of CAPsboth in short-term and long-term;

(c) can CAPs be economically beneficial in short run, can they beadopted by smallholder farmers and if preconditions forp y padoptions exist; and

(d) which types of processes are most efficient in assessing CAPs(d) which types of processes are most efficient in assessing CAPswith farmers and extending them to larger scale.

..

Page 20: Opportunities for Sustainable Intensification of Agricultural … · 2020. 9. 15. · Opportunities for Sustainable Intensification of Agricultural Practices to Improve Crop Productivity

Conservation Agricultural Practices (CAPS)Conservation Agricultural Practices (CAPS)

C id iC id iCrop residue is Crop residue is available.available.

Page 21: Opportunities for Sustainable Intensification of Agricultural … · 2020. 9. 15. · Opportunities for Sustainable Intensification of Agricultural Practices to Improve Crop Productivity

Conservation Agricultural Practices: ChallengesConservation Agricultural Practices: ChallengesResidue Picked up Stored and Alternative Uses

Residue High Market Building Material

Crop residue is valuable forage, and important building material.Crop residue is valuable forage, and important building material.

Page 22: Opportunities for Sustainable Intensification of Agricultural … · 2020. 9. 15. · Opportunities for Sustainable Intensification of Agricultural Practices to Improve Crop Productivity

Conservation Agricultural Practices: ChallengesConservation Agricultural Practices: ChallengesFences Free GrazingFences Free Grazing

Termites Fire

If left in field problem of free grazing, termites and fire.If left in field problem of free grazing, termites and fire.Termites Fire

Page 23: Opportunities for Sustainable Intensification of Agricultural … · 2020. 9. 15. · Opportunities for Sustainable Intensification of Agricultural Practices to Improve Crop Productivity

EEddMMaa

Farmers Driven Research ApproachFarmers Driven Research ApproachF h ld b th k t t ll tF h ld b th k t t ll t

RReesseeaarrcchh

dduuccaattiioonn

//

EExxtt

aarrkkeett

OOppppoorrttuunn

Farmers should be the key component at all stagesFarmers should be the key component at all stagesof research and developmentof research and development

eennssiioonn

iittiieess

FarmersFarmersFarmersFarmers

F h ld f l hi i hF h ld f l hi i hFarmers should feel ownership in research.Farmers should feel ownership in research.BuildBuild--on existing local technologies.on existing local technologies.

Page 24: Opportunities for Sustainable Intensification of Agricultural … · 2020. 9. 15. · Opportunities for Sustainable Intensification of Agricultural Practices to Improve Crop Productivity

Approach and Road MapApproach and Road Map

1. Needs Assessment: Problem Diagnosis

with Farmers

9. Methodology Assessment and Gender Impact

Analyses

10. Extend and Scale-up in other villages

with in and outside the region (Baby trials)

2. Collecting base line information on socio-

y

8. Technical and Impact Assessment of

g ( y )

Farmers participation in

economic and biophysical conditions

7. Farmers led and managed :

Impact Assessment of CAPs

p pdecision making

along with researchers,

extension, NGO and value chain

3. Gender Sensitization Training

7. Farmers led and managed : single / multiple CAPs in their

own fields (Baby-Trials): 10 – 25 in each village

and value chain participants

4. Community Engagement / Network Building with all Stake

holders

5. Farmers Identified CAPS for evaluation

6. On-Farm (5 -10 villages) and On-Station (2 – 3)

Demonstrations(Mother-Trials)( )

Page 25: Opportunities for Sustainable Intensification of Agricultural … · 2020. 9. 15. · Opportunities for Sustainable Intensification of Agricultural Practices to Improve Crop Productivity

Ghana Ghana –– SANREM ActivitiesSANREM ActivitiesResults

o Majority of the household heads (60%) had no education.

o Average total household wealth ranged from $900 – $1250.

o Sole or mono-cropping with peanut, maize, millet, rice,soybean and yam was practiced by most households (42%).Mixed cropping was followed by 31% with cereal andlegume.legume.

o About 97% of agriculture was rainfed without irrigation.

A f i 10 h h ld t f tho Average farm size was 10 acres per household, most of theland (87%) was owned (inheritance and purchase).

Page 26: Opportunities for Sustainable Intensification of Agricultural … · 2020. 9. 15. · Opportunities for Sustainable Intensification of Agricultural Practices to Improve Crop Productivity

Ghana Ghana –– SANREM ActivitiesSANREM ActivitiesR ltResults

Distribution of crops as total land use by households

Page 27: Opportunities for Sustainable Intensification of Agricultural … · 2020. 9. 15. · Opportunities for Sustainable Intensification of Agricultural Practices to Improve Crop Productivity

Ghana Ghana –– SANREM ActivitiesSANREM ActivitiesResultsResults

o Most seed was retained from previous crop. Value ofpurchased inputs (means: $150 for seed; $55 for fertilizerp p ( ;with subsidy; and $5 for other inputs).

o Soybean, peanut and cowpea are predominantly (90-100%)marketed and sold. Value of all crops sold highly varied(mean = $1860; median = $300).

o Majority of households (77%) were involved in sale of theirproduce. Overall, households were net sellers of products.Transactions occurred at local markets (45%), town market( ),(26%) and own farm (9%).

o Most household heads (60%) belonged to a club or localfarmer group, and about 55% report receiving some formof information from NGOs and government institutions.

Page 28: Opportunities for Sustainable Intensification of Agricultural … · 2020. 9. 15. · Opportunities for Sustainable Intensification of Agricultural Practices to Improve Crop Productivity

Ghana Ghana –– SANREM ActivitiesSANREM ActivitiesR ltResults

Knowledge of Conservation Practices Response Male Female

(%)(%)

Crop residue are sources of organic matter to soil True 98.5 93.6

False 1.5 6.4

Organic matter improves soil water holding capacity True 93 90.4

False 7 9.6

Manure is as strong as purchased fertilizer True 80.6 79

False 16.4 21

Manure improves soil water holding capacity True 91.5 86.6

False 8 5 13 4False 8.5 13.4

One can plant directly without ploughing True 39.8 38.8

False 60.2 61.2

Tilling the soil assists in water infiltration True 79.6 73.9

False 20.4 26.1

Page 29: Opportunities for Sustainable Intensification of Agricultural … · 2020. 9. 15. · Opportunities for Sustainable Intensification of Agricultural Practices to Improve Crop Productivity

Ghana Ghana –– SANREM ActivitiesSANREM ActivitiesR ltResults

Knowledge of Conservation Practices Response Male Female

(%)(%)

Seed bed increases water holding capacity True 82.6 78.9

False 17.4 21.1

Seed bed improves aeration in the soil True 94.5 82.8

False 5.5 17.2

Rotating cereals and legumes improves soil fertility True 98 85.3g g p y

False 2 14.7

Crop rotations prevents some plant diseases True 95 85.3

F l 5 14 7False 5 14.7

Cover crops prevent soil erosion True 90.5 86.6

False 9.5 13.4

Cover crops increase microbial action in the soil True 87.6 81.5

False 12.4 18.5

Page 30: Opportunities for Sustainable Intensification of Agricultural … · 2020. 9. 15. · Opportunities for Sustainable Intensification of Agricultural Practices to Improve Crop Productivity

Ghana Ghana –– SANREM ActivitiesSANREM ActivitiesEffect of CAPSEffect of CAPSEffect of CAPSEffect of CAPS

Five mother trials were implemented (started in 2010)

(1) Effect of tillage and cropping system (maize and soybean) on soil carbonand grain yield (Nyoli in Upper West District).

(2) Effect of tillage and cropping system (maize and soybean) in soil carbonand grain yield (Sieyiri in Upper West District).

(3) Effect of tillage cropping system (maize and soybean) and fertilizer (0(3) Effect of tillage, cropping system (maize and soybean) and fertilizer (0,NPK and P) on yield (Buza and Tanzu, Wa Municipal District).

(4) Effect of seed bed (flad and tied ridges) and moisture conservationi ( i )practices (no bunds, grass bunds and pigeon pea bunds) on water use and

maize yields (Nandom, Lowra District).

(5) Effect of tillage, cropping system (maize an soybean) and residue( ) g pp g y ( y )management (25, 50 and 100%) on grain yield and soil carbon (Gbanko inNadowli District).

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Ghana Ghana –– SANREM ActivitiesSANREM Activities

o Minimum tillage produced same grain yields ofmaize as conventional tractor tillage in all croppingsystems (continuous maize)systems (continuous maize).

Page 32: Opportunities for Sustainable Intensification of Agricultural … · 2020. 9. 15. · Opportunities for Sustainable Intensification of Agricultural Practices to Improve Crop Productivity

Ghana Ghana –– SANREM ActivitiesSANREM Activities

o Minimum tillage produced same grain yields ofsoybean as conventional tractor tillage in allcropping systems (soybean maize rotation)cropping systems (soybean – maize rotation).

Page 33: Opportunities for Sustainable Intensification of Agricultural … · 2020. 9. 15. · Opportunities for Sustainable Intensification of Agricultural Practices to Improve Crop Productivity

Ghana Ghana –– SANREM ActivitiesSANREM Activitieso No tillage produced lower yield due too No tillage produced lower yield due to

weed infestationo Minimum tillage was on par with

ti l till Weed infestation in no tillageconventional tillage.

Page 34: Opportunities for Sustainable Intensification of Agricultural … · 2020. 9. 15. · Opportunities for Sustainable Intensification of Agricultural Practices to Improve Crop Productivity

Ghana Ghana –– SANREM ActivitiesSANREM Activities

o Application of inorganic P fertilizer (26 kg P ha-1)produced higher yields of soybean under all tillagepractices. Low rates of NPK (37:16:31 kg ha-1)practices. Low rates of NPK (37:16:31 kg ha )

Page 35: Opportunities for Sustainable Intensification of Agricultural … · 2020. 9. 15. · Opportunities for Sustainable Intensification of Agricultural Practices to Improve Crop Productivity

Ghana Ghana –– SANREM ActivitiesSANREM Activities

No Fertilizer Control Low rates of NPK P at 26 kg ha-1No Fertilizer Control(37:16:31 kg ha-1) P at 26 kg ha 1

Page 36: Opportunities for Sustainable Intensification of Agricultural … · 2020. 9. 15. · Opportunities for Sustainable Intensification of Agricultural Practices to Improve Crop Productivity

Ghana Ghana –– SANREM ActivitiesSANREM Activities

o Maize planted on tied ridges produced higher grainyields than flat beds either with or without strips ofgrass or pigeonpea.grass or pigeonpea.

Page 37: Opportunities for Sustainable Intensification of Agricultural … · 2020. 9. 15. · Opportunities for Sustainable Intensification of Agricultural Practices to Improve Crop Productivity

Ghana Ghana –– SANREM ActivitiesSANREM Activities

Flat beds with grass strips

Tied ridges with grass strips

Tied ridges withPigeonpea strips

Page 38: Opportunities for Sustainable Intensification of Agricultural … · 2020. 9. 15. · Opportunities for Sustainable Intensification of Agricultural Practices to Improve Crop Productivity

Mali Mali –– SANREM ActivitiesSANREM ActivitiesInfluence of CAPSInfluence of CAPSInfluence of CAPSInfluence of CAPS

Eight mother trials were implemented (started in 2010).

Long term experiments being implemented on research stations include combinations of the following factorsg

(1) Minimum or Reduced Tillage

(2) Crop Residues(2) Crop Residues

(3) Cover Crops / Weeds

(4) Water Harvesting(4) Water Harvesting

(5) Organic and Mineral Fertilizers

(6) Crop Mixtures or Rotations( ) p

Page 39: Opportunities for Sustainable Intensification of Agricultural … · 2020. 9. 15. · Opportunities for Sustainable Intensification of Agricultural Practices to Improve Crop Productivity

ConclusionsConclusions

o Our results suggest that there are some opportunities too Our results suggest that there are some opportunities to increase crop yields through use of intensive sustainable agricultural practices such as application of fertilizer,

i i ill i dminimum tillage, crop rotations and water management practices can help improve crop yields.

o The impact of sustainable agricultural practices on soil quality and ecosystems services will be challenging and is to be determinedbe determined

Page 40: Opportunities for Sustainable Intensification of Agricultural … · 2020. 9. 15. · Opportunities for Sustainable Intensification of Agricultural Practices to Improve Crop Productivity

KK--State TeamState Team

P.V.V. Prasad T. Dalton N. Lilja C.Rice S. Staggenborg

D.Presley K. Dhuyvetter K. Garrett A. Jumpponen

MultiMulti--disciplinary: integrated for research, extension and disciplinary: integrated for research, extension and graduate traininggraduate training

Page 41: Opportunities for Sustainable Intensification of Agricultural … · 2020. 9. 15. · Opportunities for Sustainable Intensification of Agricultural Practices to Improve Crop Productivity

Question / DiscussionQuestion / Discussion

QuestionsQuestions

SuggestionsSuggestions

DiscussionDiscussion

Th k YTh k YThank YouThank You


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