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Oppression Through the Eyes of
Haitian American and African
American Male College Students
Danielle Jackman, Pamela Hall, PhD, & Gladys Ibanez, PhD
TQR Conference January 8, 2011
Table of ContentsTable of Contents Oppression
Types of oppression Effects of oppression
Theories: Critical Consciousness Social Intervention Theory
Photovoice
Research objective
Methods
Results/Discussion
Future Direction
OppressionOppression
Unjust use of power
Domination Sustains inequity
Process and outcome
References: Watts, Williams, & Jagers, (2003); Schiele, (2007)
Types of oppressionTypes of oppression Classism
Ageism
Sexism
Racial Discrimination
Ethnic Discrimination
Effects of OppressionEffects of Oppression Ethnic identity
Self perception Learned Helplessness
Health
Critical ConsciousnessCritical ConsciousnessFriere (1970); Wang (1999)
Social Intervention Social Intervention TheoryTheory
Social Intervention Theory
Empowerment
Social change
Just society
References: Watts, Williams, &Jagers (2003)
PhotovoicePhotovoiceParticipatory action research
Engage in active listening
Create safe environment
Move people toward action
Inform policy makers
References: Friere (1970); Wang, & Burris (1994)
Research ObjectivesResearch Objectives
Research Questions1. How do you view oppression in your
community?
2. In what ways can you reduce oppression within your community?
3. In what ways can your community leaders and community reduce oppression?
MethodMethod Participants (n=20)
Discussion about oppression
Camera handed with first research question
Compensation given
Audio-taped meeting held
The process was repeated two more times
Responses from the participants were placed into categories.
ResultsFigure 1. Results showing categories formed from responses to Question 1: “How do you view oppression in your community?”
Pictures- Question 1
“The bright leaves represent the beauty of Miami and the trash underneath represents how Blacks are treated. You do not see it until you look hard that Blacks are treated poorly in Miami.”- African American
“Haitian Americans are treated like trash in Miami; other ethnicities are not. They may be close to the trash but we Haitian Americans are treated like filth.”- Haitian American
Results (cont.)Figure 2. Results showing categories formed from responses to Question 2: “In what ways can you reduce oppression in your community?”
“All the flags in this picture represent the multiculturalism in Miami. No flag is higher than the rest. Lack of tolerance and ignorance of other cultures lead to oppression. Therefore, if I get an education of other people’s cultures, I can teach others that we are all equal. That will hopefully reduce oppression and celebrate diversity.”- Haitian American
Pictures- Question 2
“ We have to be agents for change in order to change our community. It is easy to talk about it but you have to be about it. Voting is one way for me to be about change and hopefully I can encourage others in my community to vote as most do not. If we vote, our voices will be heard.”- African American
Results (cont.)Figure 3. Results showing categories formed from responses to Question 3: “In what way can your community leaders and community reduce oppression?”
Pictures- Question 3
“Local church leaders in Miami like Bishop Curry of New Birth could help out the community even more by holding programs at his church to talk about discrimination and oppression.”- African American
“We need to be like fish and band together as one community to discuss our concerns and issues of how we are treated. The leaders can take notes and at the end then they will better be able to serve all the members of the community.”-Haitian American
DiscussionDiscussion Differences between the groups may be
linked to history
Method useful in empowering (90% of participants)
Participatory research style may reduce oppression and increase community action
Limitations Pilot study
Preliminary Data
CAMERA PROBLEMS!!!
Future Direction Repeat using larger sample size
Use digital cameras
Invite policy makers and participants to presentation and display
Acknowledgments Minority Access to Research Careers Grant,
T34 GM008021-25, Barry University
Dr. Flona Redway
TQR Conference
QUESTIONS??