1. Potential replacement for high power switch modulesLLNL-PRES-769514This work was performed under the auspices of theU.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence LivermoreNational Laboratory under contract DE-AC52-07NA27344.Lawrence Livermore National Security, LLCStephen Sampayan, Ph.D.

2. Future markets will be driven bypower modules Market drivers include industrialmotor drives, transportation,renewable energy, and power Market share with existingtechnology is presentlydominated by Asia/PacificmanufacturersLawrence Livermore National Laboratory LLNL-PRES-769514* www.yanoresearch.com/press/pdf/1095.pdf2Market examples(from Market & Development ReportYole Development 2011/2012) 3. Fundamental difference: Existing technology=junction device (1925 Patent) Opticondistor=bulk conduction device (2013 Patent) Withstands higher voltages and currents Overcomes the power and voltage limitations of existingelectronic devices Direct control by light rather than an electrical signal Multiple devices can be cascaded while maintainingisolation of the control circuitry Developed in support of DoE particle acceleratortechnology and RF productionLawrence Livermore National Laboratory LLNL-PRES-769514Opticondistor3OpticalModulationOpticondistorEnergyStorageINPUT: LaserModulationOUTPUT:High PowerLoadLow levelelectrical input 4. Induction motors consume ~50% of powergenerated and are generally constantspeed* Control of motor speed for off-peak usesignificantly impacts total powerconsumption Present speed control systems can becomplex and expensive because of devicevoltage limitations (right) Higher voltage devices greatly simplifycircuitry, reduce cost and will expand use Reduced generation requirements resultLawrence Livermore National Laboratory LLNL-PRES-7695144Typical >100 kW class drive*see for instance: H. Sarhan, "Energy Efficient Control of Three-Phase Induction Motor Drive," Energy and Power Engineering, Vol. 3 No. 2, 2011, pp. 107-112. doi: 10.4236/epe.2011.32014Our goal 5. A brassboard system is beingfielded in 12 months for a defensesponsor -TRL 4-5 We are doing preliminary work toleverage LLNL laser expertise todevelop single hybrid modules -TRL 2-3 Preliminary models projectcompetitive cost with existingdevicesLawrence Livermore National Laboratory LLNL-PRES-7695145 6. We have operated our device well beyondthe 5 x 105 Hz limit of power MOSFETs (right) higher inverter frequency significantly decreasessystem transformer size (right) decreased transformer size also decreaseswasted energy (hysteresis loss) We have demonstrated active control of>20kV in a single device We have demonstrated isolation betweencontrol input and high power output These properties are unique compared toexisting technologyLawrence Livermore National Laboratory LLNL-PRES-769514From: A. Nakagawa, Y. Kawaguchi and K.Nakamura, Silicon Limit Electrical Characteristicsof Power Devices and ICs, Proc. ISPS08, 2008,pp. 25-326High impact regimeModerate Impactregime108107106105104103102101Power, VA101 102 103 104 105 106Frequency, HzSCRIEGTIGCTIGBTModuleDiscreteIGBTMOSFET60 Hz, 425-A weldertransformer compared to anequivalent 20-100 kHz weldertransformerhttp://www.millerwelds.com/resources/articles/welding-inverters-decrease-maintenance-downtime/ 7. Standard technology Electronically slow low efficiency and large system size Voltage limited;