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AN- Najah National UniversityFaculty of EngineeringElectrical Engineering DepartmentIntroduction to Graduation Project

Optimum Performance of Tulkarim Governorate Network & Sarra Connection Point

Prepared by:Woroud Turabi Ahmad Nasralla

Supervised by:Dr. Imad Ibrik

Contents IntroductionSarra connection point and Tulkarem electricity network - Electrical supply- Elements of the network- Problems in the networkAnalysis SummaryAnalysis of supply Sarra connection point and Tulkarem from central substation The maximum load case improvement overloaded transformersMechanical design of the networkConclusion

1-Collect all data about Tulkarim network and Sarra connection point including all parameters (transformers, transmission lines , load ).

2-Analyze the unified networks under maximum conditions using load flow analyses.

3-analysis of Sarra connection point and Tulkarem networks after we connecting them to Sarra electricity distribution substation (161\33) KV.4-Improve the voltage level and the power factor in the network.

Benefits and advantages to improving the distribution of electrical networks:Reduction of power lossesIncreasing voltage levelsPower factor correctionIncreasing the capability of the distribution transformer

Introduction

Sarra Electrical Supply:

Sarra connection point is provided by Israel Electrical Company (IEC)The voltage of the transmission line is (33 kv)The main circuit breaker is rated at (320 A)The maximum demand reached is equal to (20 MVA)

Tulkarim is provided by Israel Electrical Company (IEC) The voltage of the transmission line is (22 kv)The main circuit breaker is rated at: (350 A) for the first network (320A) for the second networkThe max demand reached is equal to:(13 MVA) for the first network(11.968 MVA) for the second network

Tulkarim Electrical Supply:

Elements of The Networks in SarraNumber of transformers in Sarra connection point is equal to: 92 / (33/0.4) KV distribution transformersThe table below shows the number of each of them and the rated KVA:

Number of transformerTransformer rating (KVA)116017250334002500306304150021000

Number of Transformers in tulkarem : 101 / (22/0.4) KV distribution transformers.

Number of transformer Transformer rating (KVA)11003160272502140049630

Elements of The Networks in Tulkarim

Problems in The Network :The P.F. (Power Factor) is less than 92 %, this causes penalties and power lossesThere is a voltage dropThere is power lossesHigh load factor (L.F. > 1) for some transformer (i.e., T29, T38, T55 in Tulkarim1)We analyze the networks before and after the connection with a new main substation 161\33 kV

The maximum case The low tension voltages The actual low voltage on each transformer is shown in the table below :

Sarra connection point # of Load Rated V (KV)PF %Terminal V (KV)Load 20.4900.395Load 30.4900.395Load 40.4900.395Load 50.4900.395Load 60.4900.394Load 70.4900.394Load 80.4900.394Load 90.490.10.394Load 100.490.10.395Load 110.490.10.395Load 120.4900.395Load 130.4900.395Load 140.4900.396Load 150.4900.395Load 160.4900.395Load 170.4900.395Load 180.4900.395Load 190.4900.393Load 200.4900.393Load 210.4900.394Load 220.4900.394Load 230.4900.394Load 240.4900.396Load 250.4900.396Load 260.4900.396Load 270.4900.396Load 280.4900.396Load 290.4900.396Load 300.4900.396Load 310.4900.396Load 320.490.10.395Load 330.4900.395

# of loadRated V (KV)PF %Terminal V (KV)Load1339032.66Load2 0.49032.66Load30.4900.395Load40.4900.395Load50.4900.395Load60.4900.394Load70.4900.394Load80.4900.394Load90.4900.394Load100.490.10.395Load110.4900.395Load120.4900.395Load130.4900.395Load140.4900.395Load150.4900.395Load160.4900.395Load170.4900.395Load180.4900.395Load190.4900.395Load200.4900.396Load210.4900.396Load220.4900.395Load230.490.10.395Load240.4900.394Load250.4900.395Load260.4900.394Load270.4900.394Load280.4900.394Load290.4900.394Load300.490.10.385

Load310.4900.384Load320.4900.383Load330.490.10.383Load340.4900.383Load350.4900.382Load360.4900.382Load370.4900.382Load380.4900.38Load390.4900.381Load400.4900.381Load410.4900.38Load420.4900.38Load430.490.10.38Load440.4900.38Load450.490.10.377Load460.490.10.377Load470.4900.376Load480.490.10.376Load490.490.10.376Load500.4900.376Load510.4900.376Load520.490.10.375Load530.4900.388Load540.4900.386Load550.4900.387Load560.4900.387Load570.490.10.387Load580.4900.387Load590.490.10.387

Tulkarim 1 # of Load Rated V (KV)Power factor Terminal V (KV) 10.4900.396 10.4900.396 20.4900.396 1 0.4900.396 20.4900.396 20.4900.396 0.4900.396 0.4900.395.0.4900.394 0.4900.3940.4900.393 0.4900.392 0.4900.392 0.4900.391 0.4900.39 0.4900.390.4900.39 10.4900.39 0.4900.390.4900.382 0.4900.38 0.4900.381 0.4900.38 0.4900.39 0.4900.38 0.4900.380.4900.38 0.4900.385 0.4900.382 0.4900.381

0.4900.38 0.4900.382 0.4900.378 0.4900.3780.4900.380.4900.376 0.4900.378 0.4900.374 0.4900.374 0.4900.374 0.4900.374 0.4900.374 0.4900.375 0.4900.3730.4900.3720.4900.371 10.4900.371 20.4900.372 30.4900.372 0.4900.3710.4900.371 0.4900.371 60.4900.3880.4900.3920.4900.3920.4900.283 0.4900.372 0.4900.372 0.4900.372 0.4900.39

Tulkarim 2# of Load Rated V (KV)Power factor Terminal V (KV)0.4900.394 0.4900.393 10.4900.395 0.4900.395 20.4900.393 0.4900.395 0.4900.392 0.4900.391 0.4900.392 0.4900.391 30.4900.389 0.4900.388 0.4900.389 0.4900.39 0.4900.385 0.4900.388 0.4900.389 0.4900.388 0.4900.385 0.4900.389 0.4900.382 0.4900.390.4900.385 10.4900.389 20.4900.39 0.4900.384

0.4900.385 0.4900.39 0.4900.389 0.4900.389 0.4900.388 10.4900.387 20.4900.3890.4900.39 0.4900.39 0.4900.389 0.4900.3850.4900.388 0.4900.3890.4900.388

Transformer number Rated (KVA)load (KVA)Power factorTr2madakh al- jneed 40020090.01Tr3 amena saaed 1608090.04Tr4 khalele 40020090.01Tr5 jalal yaseen40020090.01Tr6 tayba 1 40020090.01Tr7 tayba 240020090.01Tr8 al ameria 63031590.02Tr9 eskan almohandesen25012590.05Tr10 eskan Shinar25012590.05Tr11 bet wazan25012590.05Tr12 hajez40020090.01Tr13 jneed40020090.01Tr14 orabee 40020090.01Tr15 alferdaws 63031590.02Tr16 khateeb 63031590.02Tr17 afonneh 63031590.02Tr18 seha40020090.01Tr19 jaber 40020090.01Tr20 msjed al makhfeha40020090.01Tr21 kamal jnblat 63031590.02Tr22 etsalat 140020090.01Tr23 etsalat 263031590.02Tr24 reyada 63031590.02Tr25 saydleh 63031590.02Tr26 funon150075089.99Tr27 tamred 150075089.99Tr28 oloom150075089.99Tr29 hndesah150075089.99Tr30 sejen jneed 63031590.02Tr31 seefe 40020090.01Tr32 eskan shinar khalf jneed 25012590.05Tr33 al bydar 40020090.01

Value of maximum loads in table below:(before improvement)

Sarra connection point

Transformers numberRated power (KVA)load (KVA)Power factorTr3 karakon feeder63031590.02Tr4 heteen 40020090.01Tr5 yasmeen hotel63031590.02Tr6 bab saha63031590.02Tr7 malhes 63031590.02Tr8 aqaree bank63031590.02Tr9 Jordan bank63031590.02Tr10 othmanee25012590.05Tr11 revolee 63031590.02Tr12 Palestine bank40020090.01Tr13 abo salha 63031590.02Tr14 alkonee63031590.02Tr15 alsook alekhdar 50025089.95Tr16 alhewaree63031590.02Tr17 tokan63031590.02Tr18 shakaa 40020090.01Tr19 malhees 40020090.01Tr20 alenjeehe50025089.95Tr21 kalbone163031590.02Tr22 ksheka40020090.01Tr23 krom ashoor 25012590.05Tr24 aeen al asel40020090.01Tr25 madakhet ras eleen 63031590.02Tr26 salah deen40020090.01Tr27 Samsung 63031590.02Tr28 el basha63031590.02Tr29 omer ben el aas40020090.01Tr30 kalboneh 225012590.05

Tr31 madakhet 2425031590.02Tr32 abo raed63031590.02Tr33 blaza63012590.05Tr34 takhasosee25050090.01Tr35 sharea 24100031590.02Tr36 Kazan janobee63020090.01Tr37 jneed janobee40020090.01Tr38 karajat el jameaa40031590.02Tr39 maktabet el jameaa 63020090.01Tr40 jameaa nor40020090.01Tr41 eskan naqabat 40020090.01Tr42 sharea tel40031590.02Tr43 arade shinar63012590.05Tr44 Nablus jadeeda25031590.02Tr45 Iraq boreen 163012590.05Tr46 Iraq boreen 225012590.05Tr47 tel sharqee25020090.01Tr48 tel lehef 40012590.05Tr49 tel el bald25012590.05Tr50 tel gharbee25020090.01Tr51 tareeq sarra40020090.01Tr52 tel madakha40012590.05Tr53 raze25020090.01Tr54 dardok 40020090.01Tr55 joharee40020090.01Tr56 shohadaa40020090.01Tr57 qteshat25012590.05Tr58 el qaser 100050090.01Tr59 shanaa25012590.05

Tulkarim1 PowerfactorLoad (KVA)Rated (KVA)Transformers name90436630 190346630 190208630 290544630 1 90544630 290346630 290277400 90208400 90208400.90208250 9027740090208400 90173250 90173250 90277400 90346630 9024240090277400 190312630 9024263090277630 90346630 90312630 90208250 90242400

90277400 9013925090242250 90208250 90173250 90173250 90346360 90208250 90277250 904166309013925090208400 90139250 90173250 90173250 90277630 90173250 9055.4160 90554630 905446309013963090544630 190544630 290416400 390208630 9020825090208400 90346630 69069.34009069.32509020863090312630 90277400 90277400 90277400

Tulkarim 2Power factor Load(KVA)Rated (KVA)Transformers name901394009055.4160 90416630 190139400 90589630 290208630 90312630 90208400 90416630 9069.3250 90346630 390416630 90277630 9041.6250 90139250 9069.3250 90277630 90277630 90139250 90242630 9055.4100 9069.3400 9013925090277630 190139630 290139160

9069.3250 90242630 90346630 90346630 90242400 90554630 190346 630 29017363090173630 90346630 90173250 9041663090346630 90416630

Analysis Summary

We have to summarize the results, total generation, demand, loading, percentage of losses, and the total power factor.

Sarra Connection Point

Tulkarim (1) Connection Point

Tulkarim (2) Connection Point

Analysis of supply Sarra connection point and Tulkarem from central substation At this stage of our graduation project we will Study the new condition of the two networks (Tulkarem and Sarra connection point) after connecting them to Sarra electricity distribution substation (161\33) KV directly without relying on Israeli national electricity company. Then we will improve the voltage level and decrease the real power losses and increase the reliability of the networks.

After the analysis of Sarra connection point and Tulkarem networks after we connecting them to Sarra electricity distribution substation (161\33) KV also many problems in the network appears as we mentioned before

Analysis Summary

We have to summarize the results, total generation, demand, loading, percentage of losses, and the total power factor.

Sarra Connection Point

Tulkarim (1) Connection Point

Tulkarim (2) Connection Point

The problems of the two networks after connection with Sarra main substation

1. The P.F in the network is less than 92% and this value causes many problems specially paying banalities and this value must be (0.92-0.95)

2. The voltages of buses are not acceptable and this voltage will be less when it reaches the consumer

3. The network have over loaded transformer .

4. High losses of power .

The maximum load case improvement

The methods we used to do that are:

Tab changing in the transformers.Adding capacitors to produce reactive power.Changing transformer.

Improvement the maximum case using taps changing and power factor improving .The method of tab changing involves changing in the tab ratio on the transformer but in limiting range which not accede (5%) .The P.F need to be improved to reduce the penalties on municipalities, reduce the current flows in the network which reduces the losses. The power factor after the improving must be in the range (0.92- 0.95) lag

Sarra Connection Point

Tulkarim (1) Connection Point

Tulkarim (2) Connection Point

overloaded transformersAfter the improvement of Tulkarem (1) network in the maximum case there is some problems Where we have the overload transformer and we will increase the capacity of the transformer through changing them with the over size transformer . this will need to buy new transformers.

The following table shows the transformers which are needed to be bought:Number of transformersKVA1400

The Flowing table summarizes the analysis results after changing transformer

Mechanical design of the networkMain Components of overhead lines:In general, the main components of overhead lines are:Conductors: Which carry electric power from the sending end station to receiving end station.Supports:Which may be poles or towers and keep the conductors at suitable level above the ground.Insulators:Which are attached to supports and insulate the conductors from the ground. Cross Arms: Which provide support to the insulators.Miscellaneous Items:Such as phase plates, danger plates, lightning arrestors, anti climbing wires .

Conductors Material:

The conductor material used for transmission and distribution of electric power should be have the following properties:

High electrical conductivity . High tensile strength in order to withstand mechanical stresses.Low cost so that it can be used for long distances. Low specific gravity so that weight per unit volume is small.

The Type of conductor that we used in this project is Steel Cord Aluminium as shown in Figure below :

Supports :

In general, the line supports should have the following properties: High mechanical strength to withstand the weight of conductors and wind loads. Light in weight without the loss of mechanical strength. Cheap in cost and economical to maintain. Longer life. Easy accessibility of conductors for maintenance.

W e used Steel Towers Type and Steel Truss as shown in the figures below :

Steel towerSteel truss 61182

Number of steel towers and truss which we need :

Insulators :

the insulators should have the following properties : High mechanical strength in order to withstand conductor load, wind load etc.High electrical resistance of insulator material in order to avoid leakage currents to earth.High relative permittivity of insulator material in order that dielectric strength is high.

Types of Insulators :

Pin type insulators

Suspension type insulators

Strain insulators

Number of insulators that we need in each type as shown in table below : Types of insulator PinSuspensionStrainNumber54662366

There is some of criteria we must take it into account in mechanical design of medium voltage :

Distances between the towers The distance between each tow towers in the range (90 100) meter.

2. The high of tower is (12) meter in 33 (KV) voltage level.

3. Thickness of the steel material (80 90) mm, 90 mm from the base of tower and 80 mm toward the top of tower .

4. Base of tower (2-2-2.5) m, (0.5) m above the ground and each base need about (8) cup of concrete.

5. The distances between the insulators in the range (0.5-1) m.

6. Number of steel truss which we can put it in series in straight line without need to put the steel towers from 1 to 4 trusses until about 400 m distance.

Calculation of Sag

When supports are at equal levels:Consider a conductor between two equivalent supports A and B with O as the lowest point as shown in Fig.

Letl = Length of spanw = Weight per unit length of conductorT = Tension in the conductor.

we get,

When supports are at unequal levels:

Fig. below shows a conductor suspended between two supports A and B which are at different levels. The lowest point on the conductor is O.

Letl = Span lengthh = Difference in levels between two supportsx1 = Distance of support at lower level (i.e. A) from Ox2 = Distance of support at higher level (i.e. B) from OT = Tension in the conductorWe get,

Where

x1 + x2 = l , and

Effect of wind and ice loading:

The above formulae for sag are true only in still air and at normal temperature when the conductor is acted by its weight only.However, in actual practice, a conductor may have ice coating and simultaneously subjected to wind pressure. As shown in Figure below :

So , we get

Conclusion After analyzing the Sarra connection point and Tulkarim network with anew connection point with the central substation we found that the parameter of the network are suitable and the system will be stable . And in our study we recommended some measure for improving exciting network and reduction of electrical losses.