opyright & Plagiarism?opyright & Plagiarism?

What they are and why you should care!

Copyright defined:

• the legal right to be the only one to reproduce, publish, or sell the contents and form of a literary, musical, or artistic work

Plagiarism:

• Webster’s dictionary defines plagiarism as,“to steal or pass off as one’s own (the ideas or work of another).”

How serious is the plagiarism problem?

“A study of 4,500 students at 25 schools:

72% admitted to serious cheating on written

assignments using the Internet.”

Based on the research of Donald L. McCabe, Rutgers UniversitySource: “CIA Research.” Center for Academic Integrity, Duke

University, 2003 <http://academicintegrity.org/cai_research.asp>.

Two types of plagiarism:• Intentional

– Copying a friend’s work

– Buying or borrowing papers

– Cutting and pasting blocks of text from electronic sources without documenting

– Media “borrowing”without documentation

• Unintentional– Careless

paraphrasing– Poor documentation– Failure to use your

own “voice”

Excuses:

It’s okay if I don’t get caught!

I was too busy to write that paper!

(Job, big game, too much homework!)

My teachers expect

too much!

I’ve got to get into a

certain college.!

My parents expect “A”s!

This assignment was BORING!

Everyone does it!

Consequences in College:

• Plagiarism at UVA—45 students dismissed, 3 graduate degrees revoked

– CNN Article AP. 26 Nov. 2001

– Channel One Article AP. 27 Nov. 2002

Consequences in the Workplace:

• New York Times senior reporter Jayson Blair forced to resign after being accused of plagiarism and fraud.

• “The newspaper said at least 36 of the 73 articles he had written had problems with accuracy, calling the deception a "low point" in the newspaper's history.”

“New York Times Exposes Fraud of Own Reporter.” ABC News Online. 12 May, 2003.http://www.pbs.org/newshour/newshour_index.html

Possible school consequences:• “0” on the

assignment• Failing a class?• Receiving a lower

grade? • Parent notification• Referral to

administrators• Suspension or

dismissal from school activities--sports and extracurricular

How to avoid plagiarism

• Place “quotes” around all borrowed language.

• When you paraphrase or summarize, give credit to the original

author.• Make sure that you site

those quotations and borrowed ideas.

Do I have to cite

everything?

Question:

Answer: YES!!Except –

– When you write from your own experiences, observations, insights, thoughts, and conclusions about a subject.

– When you use a fact that is common knowledge. (e.x. Obama is the 44th president)

– Compile generally accepted facts.

– Write up your own experimental results.

You Must Cite When You:

• Use or refer to someone else’s words or ideas

• Gain info through an inverview• Copy the exact words or a

“unique phrase.”• Reprint diagrams, illustrations,

charts, statistics, pictures, videos, and music

• Use the ideas of another person

What’s the big deal?

If I change a

few words, I’m

still okay,

right?

Wrong! Paraphrasing original ideas without documentingyour source, is plagiarism too!

You can “borrow” from the works of others in your own work, But

be very careful!

Use these three strategies,• Quoting• Paraphrasing • Summarizing

To blend source materials in with your own, making sure your own voice is

heard.

“Quoting…”

• Quotations are the exact words of an author, copied directly from a source, word for word.

• Quotations must be cited on your works cited page!

Paraphrasing:

• putting someone else’s words or ideas into your own words.

*Although you are using your own words, the ideas are taken from someone else and must be cited on your Works-Cited page.

Paraphrasing

• Paraphrasing is not simply rearranging or rewording an original passage.

• You have to understand what the author is saying and write the ideas entirely in your own words.

As you take notes:

• Include page numbers and source references so you can go back and check for accuracy as you write.

You can prevent plagiarism

(stealing words and ideas). • All you need to do is:• Take notes—put in your own words.• If you do copy words, put “ ” around

them and footnote whose words they are.

• Keep track of EVERY resource you use!

• Cite all of your sources at the end of your work.

A Plagiarist is:• Too careless• Too lazy • Too dishonest

TO DO A GOOD JOB!By Cindy Nottage

For Bibliography Help:

For help citing your sources use the Bibliography help page on our library wiki:

• http://westernresources.wikispaces.com/

• Use the fill-in-the-blank sheets

• Use a style guide• Ask your teacher and/or

librarian :)

Let’s practice spotting plagiarism

You Decide:

Man is born free, and everywhere he is in chains. Many a man believes himself to be the master of others who is, no less than they, a slave. How did this change take place? I do not know. What can make it legitimate? To this question I hope to be able to furnish an answer. -- Jean-Jacques Rousseau

 In an essay examining the relationship of humanity and society, Rousseau asserts that “man is born free, and everywhere he is in chains” (Rousseau 57)

a. Paraphrase b. Quotation c. SummaryQuotation

You Decide…

Man is born free, and everywhere he is in chains. Many a man believes himself to be the master of others who is, no less than they, a slave. How did this change take place? I do not know. What can make it legitimate? To this question I hope to be able to furnish an answer. -- Jean-Jacques Rousseau

Rosseau suggests that, although they come into the world uninhibited, human beings find themselves universally oppressed. (Rousseau 57)

a. Paraphrase b. Quotation c. SummaryParaphrase

You decide…

Man is born free, and everywhere he is in chains. Many a man believes himself to be the master of others who is, no less than they, a slave. How did this change take place? I do not know. What can make it legitimate? To this question I hope to be able to furnish an answer. -- Jean-Jacques Rousseau

In his essay, “The Origin of Civil Society,” Rousseau questions his observations of humanity, which indicated that a person’s free nature and his or her actual social status are in conflict.

a. Paraphrase b. Quotation c. Summary

Summary

You decide…plagiarism or okay?Original Source

We see conflicting pictures of the mountain lion through the eyes of hunters, ranchers, scientists, wildlife managers, and preservationists. Each viewpoint, like a piece of glass in a kaleidoscope, is a shard, a fragment until it is combined with the other pieces to create a total image. – Karen McCall and Jim Dutcher, Cougar: Ghost of the Rockies, p. 137

McCall and Dutcher observe that we see conflicting pictures of the mountain lion through conflicting eyes of hunters, ranchers, scientists, wildlife managers, and preservationists. Each viewpoint, like a piece of glass in a kaleidoscope, is a shard, a fragment until it is combined with the other pieces to create a total image (137).

a. Plagiarism or b. Okay

You decide…plagiarism or okay?Original Source

We see conflicting pictures of the mountain lion through the eyes of hunters, ranchers, scientists, wildlife managers, and preservationists. Each viewpoint, like a piece of glass in a kaleidoscope, is a shard, a fragment until it is combined with the other pieces to create a total image.

– Karen McCall and Jim Dutcher, Cougar: Ghost of the Rockies, p. 137

McCall and Dutcher observe that we see conflicting pictures of the mountain lion through conflicting eyes of hunters, ranchers, scientists, wildlife managers, and preservationists. Each viewpoint, like a piece of glass in a kaleidoscope, is a shard, a fragment until it is combined with the other pieces to create a total image (137).

a. Plagiarism or b. OkayPlagiarism. Why?

Plagiarism or okay? You decide…

Original Source

We see conflicting pictures of the mountain lion through the eyes of hunters, ranchers, scientists, wildlife managers, and preservationists. Each viewpoint, like a piece of glass in a kaleidoscope, is a shard, a fragment until it is combined with the other pieces to create a total image.

– Karen McCall and Jim Dutcher, Cougar: Ghost of the Rockies, p. 137

McCall and Dutcher observe that “hunters, ranchers, scientists, wildlife managers, and preservationists” see the mountain lion quite differently: “Each viewpoint, like a piece of glass in a kaleidoscope, is a shard, a fragment until it is combined with the other pieces to create a total image” (137).

a. Plagiarism or b. OkayBorrowed language in quotation marks ---

OKAY

Plagiarism or not? You decide…

Original Source:The park [Caspers Wilderness Park] was closed to minors in

1992 after the family of a girl severely mauled there in 1986 won a suit against the county. The award of $2.1 million for the mountain lion attack on Laura Small, who was 5 at the time, was later reduced to $1.5 million.

– Reyes and Messinsa, “more Warning Signs,” p. B1

Reyes and Messina report that Caspers Wilderness Park was closed to children in 1992 after the family of a girl brutally mauled there in 1986 sued the county. The family was ultimately awarded $1.5 million for the mountain lion assault on Laura Small, who was 5 at the time (B1).

a. Plagiarism or b. Okay

Plagiarism or not? You decide…

Original SourceThe park [Caspers Wilderness Park] was closed to minors in 1992

after the family of a girl severely mauled there in 1986 won a suit against the county. The award of $2.1 million for the mountain lion attack on Laura Small, who was 5 at the time, was later reduced to $1.5 million.

– Reyes and Messinsa, “more Warning Signs,” p. B1

Reyes and Messina report that Caspers Wilderness Park was closed to children in 1992 after the family of a girl brutally mauled there in 1986 sued the county. The family was ultimately awarded $1.5 million for the mountain lion assault on Laura Small, who was 5 at the time (B1).

a. Plagiarism or b. Okay

Plagiarism. Why?

Plagiarism or not? You decide…Original SourceThe park [Caspers Wilderness Park] was closed to minors in 1992

after the family of a girl severely mauled there in 1986 won a suit against the county. The award of $2.1 million for the mountain lion attack on Laura Small, who was 5 at the time, was later reduced to $1.5 million.

– Reyes and Messinsa, “more Warning Signs,” p. B1

In 1992, officials banned minors from Caspers Wilderness Park. Reyes and Messina explain that park officials took this measure after a mountain lion attack on a child led to a lawsuit. The child, five year old Laura Small, had been severely mauled by a lion in 1986, and her parents sued the county. Eventually they received an award of $1.5 million (B1).

a. Plagiarism or b. Okay

Okay. Acceptable Paraphrase

Sample plagiarized paper

• What’s wrong with this paper?

Works Cited• “Boston Columnist Resigns Amid New Plagiarism Charges.” CNN.com

19 Aug. 1998 3 March 2003 http://www.cnn.com/US/9808/19/barnicle/• Fain, Margaret. “Internet Paper Mills.” Kimbal Library. 12 Feb. 2003.

<http://www.coastal.edu/library/mills2.htm>• Lathrop, Ann and Kathleen Foss. Student Cheating and Plagiarism in

the Internet Era. Englewood, CO: Libraries Unlimited, 2000.• Lewis, Mark. “Doris Kearns Goodwin And The Credibility Gap.”

Forbes.com 2 Feb. 2002. <http://www.forbes.com/2002/02/27/0227goodwin.html>

• “New York Times Exposes Fraud of own Reporter.” ABC News Online. 12 May, 2003.<http://www.pbs.org/newshour/newshour_index.html>

• Sabato, Larry J. “Joseph Biden's Plagiarism; Michael Dukakis's 'Attack Video' – 1988.” Washington Post Online. 1998. 3 March 2002. http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/politics/special/clinton/frenzy/biden.htm

• Unker, Christi. Plagiarism. November 2011. November 2 2011 

Works Cited: Gibaldi, Joseph, and Phyllis Franklin. MLA handbook

for writers of research papers. New York: The Modern Language Association of America, 1999.Print

Hacker, Diana. A Pocket Style Manual. Boston: St. Martin, 2000.

Rousseau, Jean-Jacques. Discourse on the Origin of Inequality. 1754

Kluger, Jeffrey. “Keeping Young Minds Healthy.” Time 1 Nov. 2010: 40-50.

Merriam-Webster's school dictionary . Springfield, Mass.: Merriam-Webster, 2004. Print.

Seidensticker, John. “Mountain Lions Don’t Stalk People: True or False?” Audubon Feb. 1992: 13-22.

Trans. Henry J. Tozzer, ed. Lester G. Crocker. New York: Simon & Schuster, 1967.