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Turner , AS. 2001. Research in Orthopedic Surgery. Surgical Research. Academic Press . Chapter 81: 1137-1200
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Hanley, EN. David, SM. 1999. Current Concepts Review: Lumbar Arthrodesis for the Treatment of Back Pain. The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery. 716-25
Cahill, KS. Chi, JH. Day, A. 2009. Prevalence, Complications, and Hospital Charges Associated with Use of Bone-Morphogenic Proteins in Spinal Fusion Patients. JAMA. 302(1):58-66
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Vaccaro, Betz, Zeidman. 2003. Principles and Practice of Spine Surgery. Mosby
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• Colorado State University Small Ruminant Comparative OrthopaedicLaboratory: funding and support
• Colorado State University’s Merck-Merial 2009 Summer Research Program: support
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A
B C
D E
LATERAL VIEW
VENTRAL/DORSAL VIEW
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RAR=Right Axial RotationLAR=Left Axial RotationRLB=Right Lateral BendingLLB=Left Lateral BendingFLX=FlexionEXT=Extension
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