SCIENCENEW SERIES SUBSCRIPTION, $6.00VOL. 93, No. 2415 FRIDAY, APRI 11, 1941 SINGLE COPIES, .15

BLAKISTON BOOKS ON ANATOMYCHORDATE ANATOMYBy Herbert V. Neal, Ph.D. (Tufts) and HerbertW. Rand, Ph.D. (Harvard)Material for a balanced, well organized semestercourse is presented.378 Illus. 467 Pages. $3.50 (1939)

COMPARATIVE ANATOMYBy Herbert V. Neal, Ph.D. (Tufts) and HerbertW. Rand, Ph.D. (Harvard)The facts are given interest and meaning in termsof human phylogenesis.540 Illus. 739 Pages. $4.75 (1936)LABORATORY DIRECTIONS FORCOM-PARATIVE VERTEBRATE ANATOMYBy I. E. Gray, Ph.D. (Duke Univ.)It considers principally the shark, Necturus andthe cat. Can be used with a minimum of aidfrom the instructor.80 Pages. $1.00 (1938)

MORRIS' HUMAN ANATOMY-9thEd.Edited by C. M. Jackson, M.D. (Univ. of Minn.)A standard textbook written by American teach-ing anatomists.1166 Illus. 514 In Colors. 1481 Pages. $10.00(1933)

MANUAL OF HUMAN DISSECTIONBy Edwin M. Shearer, Ph.D. (N. Y. Univ. MedicalSchool)This dissection guide for the student gives clearand brief descriptions.79 Illus. 321 Pages. $4.25 (1937)

ANATOMY FOR PHYSICALEDUCATIONBy Linden F. Edwards, Ph.D. (Ohio State Univ.)A successful text of descriptive and applied hu-man anatomy.472 Illus. 263 In Colors. 657 Pages. $5.50(1934)

BUNDY'S ANATOMY ANDPHYSIOLOGY-7th Ed.Revised by S. Dana Weeder, M.D.A well established text for beginning collegecourses.283 Illus. Tables. 490 Pages. $2.75 (1940)

TEXTBOOK OF HISTOLOGY-5th Ed.By J. L. Bremer, M.D. (Harvard)A standard text, widely adopted. Normal func-tional changes in cells are presented.455 Illus. 36 In Colors 580 Pages. $6.50(1936)

INTRODUCTION AND GUIDETO HISTOLOGYBy Avery E. Lambert, Ph.D. (State Univ. ofIowa)A clear treatment of the subject, including com-prehensive laboratory directions.185 Illus. 542 Pages. $5.00 (1938)

MICROSCOPIC CHARACTERISTICSOF TISSUES AND ORGANSBy Karl A. Stiles, Ph.D. (Coe College)An outline of fundamental characteristics of tis-sues and organs.Illustrated. 148 Pages. $1.50 (1940)

EARLY EMBRYOLOGY OF THECHICK-3rd Ed.By Bradley M. Patten, Ph.D. (Univ. of Michigan)A brief and simple presentation of the basic factsof development as they apply to the chick.87 Illus. 228 Pages. $2.50 (1929)

EMBRYOLOGY OF THE PIGBy Bradley M. Patten, Ph.D. (Univ. of Michigan)The fundamental facts of mammalian embryologywith emphasis on sequence and significance.168 Ilus. 327 Pages. $3.50 (1931)

MAMMALIAN ANATOMY-6th Ed.By Alvin Davison, Ph.D. Revised by F. A.Stromsten, D.Se. (State Univ. of Iowa)Special reference to the anatomy of the cat ispresented in this book.174 Illus. 328 Pages. $3.00 (1937)

BRAIN AND BODY OF FISHBy H. Muir Evans, F.R.C.S. (Univ. College, Lon-don)A study of brain pattern in relation to huntingand feeding in fish.27 Plates. 164 Pages. $3.50 (1940)

Ready in May-TEXTBOOK OF COMPARATIVE HISTOLOGY By Elbert C. Cole, Ph.D.Williams College

THE BLAKISTON COMPANY, Philadelphia

Science: published weekly by The Science Press, Lancaster, Pa.Entered as second-class matter July 18, 1923, at the Post Office at Lancaster, Pa., under the Act of March 3, 1879.

i1

2 SCIENCE-ADVERTISEMENTS VOL. 93,

BIOPHYSICSReviews of Modern Physics October, 1940 IssueA Quarterly Publication of the American Physical Society

BORDERLAND PROBLEMS IN BIOLOGY AND PHYSICSBy JOHN R. LooFBoTRow

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SCIENCE-ADVERTISEMENTS VOL. 93, NO. 24152

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6 SCIENCE-ADVERTISEMENTS VOL. 93, NO. 2415

APRIL 11, 1941 SCIENCE-ADVERTISEMENTS

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PAD A-HMINOBENZOIC ACID.ijva e for fnvestigaatonal 5R1 rposes

p-Aminobenzoic acid is a B-complex vitamin1. It is a natural constituent of yeast2,a growth factor for chicks1, an essential metabolite for bacteria3, and its addition isrecommended to all routine culture media4. It nullifies the bacteriostatic effect ofchemotherapeutic agents of the sulfonamide group5, has anti-gray-hair activity inthe nutritional1 and hydroquinone6 achromotrichia of the rat, is readily acetyl-ated7,8 and non-toxic9.

NH2

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* C. P., Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. & Med., 24:.422, 1926-27.

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9 Strauss, E., Lowell, F. C., and Finland, M.,Jour. Clin. Invest., 20:189, 1941. Actual size

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8 SCIENCE-ADVERTISEMENTS VOL. 93, No.2415-

NEW L&N GLASS-ELECTRODE pH INDICATOR-$160

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VOL. 93, No. 24158 SCIENCE-ADVERTISEMENTS

SCIENCEVOL. 93 FRIDAY, APR1L 11, 1941 No. 2415

Processes of Organic Evolution: PROFESSOR R. RUG- Reports.GLES GATES.335 >-The National Defense Research Committee ..................352GL SGT S 3 5 -- ha inlDfne R s a c o m t e 5

The Relation between Physical and M~ental Develop- Special Articles:hent: PROFESSOR FRANZ BOAS.and Mental Develop- Saprophytes Antagonistic to Phytopathogenic and

Other Microorganisms: DR. P. A. ARK and MAR-Obituary: JoaRI L. HUNT. Hemoglobin Regeneration in Ane-Samuel Henshaw: DR. ROBERT T. JACKSON. Deaths mic Trout Fed Liver Fractions and Fly Maggots:and Memorials.342 A. M. PHILLIPS and PROFESSOR OLIVE M. McCAY.and Memorials ~~~~............................................................................................. 3 2A .P I L ~ n R F S O L V .M C Y

Serum Cholinesterase Variability in Male and Fe-Scientific Events: male Rats: DR. J. M. R. I3EVERIDGE and PROFESSORThe Commonwealth Solar Observatory, Canberra; C.a. LUCAS .354The Pacific Expedition of the American Museum of Ci A S. and.Laboratory.Methods:Natural History; The Zoological Expedition to the Scientific Apparatus and Laboratory Methods:Galapagos Islands of the Field Museum; Appoint- The New Electron Microscope: H. E. RHEA. Aments and Promotions at the Massachusetts Insti- Sensitive Color Reaction for £2-Methyl-1-4-Naph-tute of Technology; The American Medical Associ- thoquinone and Related Compounds: DR. ARMANDOation and the Anti-Trust Law ......... ................ 344 NOVELLI ......... 357

Science News.10Scientific Notes and News ...... ................... 346

SceeNw...................

Discussion: SCIENCE: A Weekly Journal devoted to the Advance-The Decrease in Vascularity- of Human Hearts and ment of Science, edited by J. MCKEEN CATTELL and pub-Kidneys between the Third and Sixth Decades: lished every Friday byPROFESSOR WILLIAM DOCK. Volatility of N'-Acyl- THE SCIENCE PRESSsulfanilamides with Steam: DR. WALTER C. TOBIE,ROGER D. WILLIAMS and DR. ELLIS J. ROBINSON. Lancaster, Pa Garrison, N. Y.Availability of Chemicals Not Sold Commercially: New York City: Grand Central TerminalDR. SAMUEL SOSKIN. A Prophecy Fulfilled: DR. C. Annual Subscription, $6.00 Single Copies, 15 Cts.G. ABBOT.349

SCIENCE Is the official organ of the American Associa-Scientific Books: tion for the Advancement of Science. Information regard-Human Affairs: PROFESSOR ROBERT M. YERKES. ing membership In the Association may be secured fromthe office of the permanent secretary In the SmithsonianBiology: PROFESSOR EDWIN B. MATWE . 351 Institution Building, Washington, D.

PROCESSES OF ORGANIC EVOLUTION1By Professor R. RUGGLES GATESUNIVERSITY OF LONDON, KING'S COLLEGE

OMITTING the Greek philosophers and the adumbra-tions of the early naturalists, the first thorough-goingtheory of evolution may be said to be that of Lamarck.In his time, however, even the elements of physicaland chemical science were in a rudimentary state, sothat the nature of organic structure and functioningwas but little understood. His theory of the directimpress of adaptive modifications on the organismand their transmission by inheritance to future gener-ations failed to convince the world at large of the factof evolution and has since failed of acceptance bycritical students of evolutionary processes. Darwinpartly accepted this principle of the inheritance of ac-quired characters, which was only natural, consideringthe very sketchy and inadequate knowledge of the

1 Substance of a lecture at the University of California,Berkeley, November 27, 1940.

nature of reproductive processes in plants and ani-mals in the middle of the nineteenth century, when the"Origin of Species" was written. It may even yetfind support in some subtler serological form.

Darwin, however, stressed his principle of naturalselection as the main force causing evolutionary adap-tation. This theory was derived in turn from an ex-tension of Malthus's law of human populations, andstill stands as an almost universally accepted processin the modification and replacement of species. Butevolutionists still differ widely in the emphasis theywould lay on natural selection in comparison withother evolutionary processes. Darwin relied upon theselection of variations of all kinds occurring in largenumbers in the species, but in his time very little was-known either of the nature of these variations or themanner of their inheritance. Had Mendel's paper on