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SKILLBUILDERS
SkillBuilders Presents
Kyle Hailey (www.perfvision.com)Oracle Performance Tuning
Average Session Load
(ASL)The Golden Metric ?
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2
Who is Kyle Hailey 1990 Oracle
90 Oracle Unix support
92 Ported v6 onto Dec Ultrix
93 Oracle France 94 Gold Support Specialist
95 Performance Expert at Digital Europe
98 Kernel Development California
2000 Dot.Com
2001 Quest
2002 Oracle OEM 10g
2005 Embarcadero
2006 Independent
When not being being a Geek writing for the Oaktable etc
- photographer
- Just Married and new home owner in Portland
- and wonder how I missed the dot.com millions
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3
In this SessionThe Holy Grail of Performance : ASL
1. ASL : stethoscope for Database Health
Tap is a metric that taps directly into the heart of your DB Heart stopped - Hung? Beating very slow - Idle ? Beating fast - Heavily Loaded ?
2. ASL Components CPU Waits Time series
3. Maximum CPU as Yardstick To measure ASL against
OEM 10g ties it all together
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4
Goal of this Presentation
Simplify the data and empower the DBA
My goal is to cut out a lot of the unnecessaryinformation and extraneous data andhone in on the essential
When to act How hard to act
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5
Whats the Database Doing?
Your manager calls, its 2am, do you knowwhere your database is?
Blocked
Running ok Idle
I want a quick and easy way to see what the
database is doing
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6
Checking the Database
How do *you* check the Database Health?Routine Exams?
Statspack?
1300 lines of data Which lines
Once and hour
Automated Alerts? What do you set alerts on?
What if no alerts fire ? Are you ok?
Do alerts really tell you whats happening?
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Whats the Database Doing?!
Whip out the stethoscope
ASL
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8Welcome to
The Cult of ASLOnce youve been initiated
there is no going back
For those of you who are already members, welcome back
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Average Session Load (ASL)
The Golden MetricPowerful
Multidimensional
Indispensable
Average load of sessions on the database
measured in number of sessions
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Core of 10g Performance Monitoring
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Performance Page
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Average Session Load (ASL)aka
Average Active Sessions (AAS?)
OEM 10g GraphsSession Load
I often refer to it this way
Centi-seconds per second (or secs/sec) In the dark ages, before OEM 10g, waits were
often measured as Centi-secs per sec
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ASL Average Session LoadAverage
over 15 secs in OEM 10g
Represents Load
Active Sessions Only
Active sessions put load the database
Inactive Sessions dont put load
Except for memory usage
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ASL : sources
1. Manually
v$system_event v$sysstat
2. Statspack some calculations
3. OEM 10g
4. ASHRPT
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ASL Calculation
ASL = DB TIME / Elapsed Time
DB Time (DBT) = sum over all sessions of time spent in acall. A call could be
executing SQL
background work
DBWR writing blocks
LGWR writing redo
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DB Time
DB Time (DBT) = sum active session time
DB TIME (10g) =
DB TIME =
select value from v$sysstat
where name = DB time;
select value from v$sysstat
where name = DB time;DB time
Select sum(time_waited) from v$system_eventwhere event not in ( ... idle events );+Select value from v$sysstat
where name = CPU used by this session;
Select sum(time_waited) from v$system_eventwhere event not in ( ... idle events );+Select value from v$sysstat
where name = CPU used by this session;
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1. ASL Manually
Data 10g, easy DBTime = V$sysstat DB time
9i ( 7 to 11 actually), DBTime = V$system_event
Sum wait times
Non-idle waits
V$sysstat
CPU used by this session
ASL= DBTime/elapsed time
Produces Session time / elapsed time
Session cent-secs/sec
Session secs/ sec
Avg Session Load (ASL)
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2. Statspack: Calculating ASL Look for
Top 5 Timed Events
Elapsed Time
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Statspack: Cheat Sheet
Install
Connect as SYSDBA@?/rdbms/admin/spcreate.sql
Run
Exec statspack.snap;
Generate Reports
@?/rdbms/admin/spreport.sql
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Statspack Output
Trusty statspack report
Elapased Time
Check Top 5 Timed Events
Start at line 52 ofStart at line 52 of
about 1300!about 1300!
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St t k El d Ti
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Statspack Elapsed Time
STATSPACK report for
DB Name DB Id Instance Inst Num Release RAC Host
------- ----------- -------- -------- ---------- --- -------
LABSF03 1420044432 labsf03 1 10.1.0.2.0 NO labsfr
Snap Id Snap Time Sessions Curs/Sess--------- ------------------ -------- ---------
Begin Snap: 1 03-Apr-06 12:34:06 18 5.6
End Snap: 2 03-Apr-06 12:34:36 18 4.8
Elapsed: 1.00 (mins)
STATSPACK report for
DB Name DB Id Instance Inst Num Release RAC Host
------- ----------- -------- -------- ---------- --- -------
LABSF03 1420044432 labsf03 1 10.1.0.2.0 NO labsfr
Snap Id Snap Time Sessions Curs/Sess--------- ------------------ -------- ---------
Begin Snap: 1 03-Apr-06 12:34:06 18 5.6
End Snap: 2 03-Apr-06 12:34:36 18 4.8
Elapsed: 1.00 (mins)
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Statspack: Top 5 Timed Events
Look at Top 5 Timed Events
Top 5 Timed Events
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ % Total
Event Waits Time (s) Call Time--------------------- --------- --------- -------
buffer busy waits 2,748 250 78.72
CPU time 32 10.16
free buffer waits 1,588 15 4.63write complete waits 10 8 2.51
log buffer space 306 5 1.51
Top 5 Timed EventsTop 5 Timed Events
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ % Total~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ % Total
Event Waits Time (s) Call TimeEvent Waits Time (s) Call Time------------------------------------------ ------------------ ------------------ --------------
buffer busy waits 2,748 250 78.72 buffer busy waits 2,748 250 78.72
CPU time 32 10.16CPU time 32 10.16
free buffer waits 1,588 15 4.63free buffer waits 1,588 15 4.63
write complete waits 10 8 2.51write complete waits 10 8 2.51
log buffer space 306 5 1.51log buffer space 306 5 1.51
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Example
CPU + WAITSCPU = 32
WAITS = 250 + 15 + 8 + 5
= 278 secs
Elapsed Time= 60 secs
(32 + 278) secs / 60 secs= 5.1 Average Session Load
Top 5 Timed Events
Event Time (s)
----------------- ----- buffer busy waits 250
CPU time 32
free buffer waits 15
write complete waits 8
log buffer space 5
Top 5 Timed EventsTop 5 Timed Events
Event Time (s)Event Time (s)
---------------------------------- ---------- buffer busy waits 250 buffer busy waits 250
CPU time 32CPU time 32
free buffer waits 15free buffer waits 15
write complete waits 8write complete waits 8
log buffer spacelog buffer space 55
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S O
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3. ASL in OEM DB Home Page
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4 ASHRPT
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4. ASHRPT
?@/rdbms/admin/ashrpt.sql
Top User Events DB/Inst: TESTDB/testdb (Apr 21 12:00 to 12:05)
Avg Active
Event Class % Activity Sessions
--------------------------- ----------- ---------- ----------
CPU + Wait for CPU CPU 67.98 8.42
enq: TX - row lock co Application 23.98 2.97
buffer busy waits Concurrency 4.66 0.58
latch: cache buffers chai Concurrency 2.26 0.28
Top User EventsTop User Events DB/Inst: TESTDB/DB/Inst: TESTDB/testdbtestdb (Apr 21 12:00 to 12:05)(Apr 21 12:00 to 12:05)
AvgAvgActiveActive
EventEvent ClassClass % Activity% Activity SessionsSessions------------------------------------------------------ ---------------------- -------------------- --------------------
CPU + Wait for CPUCPU + Wait for CPU CPUCPU 67.9867.98 8.428.42
enqenq: TX: TX -- row lock corow lock co ApplicationApplication 23.9823.98 2.972.97
buffer busy waitsbuffer busy waits ConcurrencyConcurrency 4.664.66 0.580.58latch: cache bufferslatch: cache buffers chaichai ConcurrencyConcurrency 2.262.26 0.280.28
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Got ASL, Now What ?Need one more item: CPU Count
# of CPUs available on System
Shared with other applications ? difficultOn dual & quad cores, lower the CPU count
Represents max active sessions doing work
A value above CPU represents some bottleneck
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CPU t OEM DB H P
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CPU count, OEM DB Home Page
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CPU Count, OEM Perf Page
CPU CountCPU Count
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Available CPU init.oraStatspack 10g shows # of CPUS
Statspack 9i # of CPUs missing:
SQLPLUS> show parameters cpu_count
NAME VALUE
------------------ ----------cpu_count 2
SQLPLUS> show parameters cpu_count
NAME VALUE
------------------ ----------cpu_count 2
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ASL F l
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ASL Formulas
Use CPU count as yardstick:
< 1
Database is not blocked ASL ~= 0
Database basically idle
ASL < # of CPUsCPU available
Database is probably not blocked
ASL > # of CPUsCould have performance problems
ASL >> # of CPUSThere is a bottleneck
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Available CPU vs ASL
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Available CPU vs ASL
ASL = 5.1ASL = 5.1
# of CPU = 2# of CPU = 2
ASL far above available CPU => problem
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Going Farther with ASLASL can tell you a lot
But its components tell you much more
To go farther need the components of ASL
CPU How many CPUs (max CPU available)
Wait
Which waits
Value over time
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EM DB Home Page
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EM DB Home Page
35OEM 10g Perf Pages
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OEM 10g Perf PagesDB HomeDB Home
PerformancePerformance
ASL Point in TimeASL Point in Time
ASL over TimeASL over Time
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Performance Page
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Performance Page
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Performance Page
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Performance Page
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ASL P f P
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ASL Performance Page
39
OEM 10 ASL
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OEM 10g - ASL
ASL is the top of the curveASL is the top of the curve
33
1.91.9 22
40
OEM 10 CPU
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OEM 10g - CPU
CPU UsageCPU Usage
41
OEM 10 W it
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OEM 10g - Waits
WaitsWaits
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OEM 10 CPU W it
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OEM 10g CPU vs Wait
WaitsWaits
CPUCPU
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OEM 10 M CPU
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OEM 10g Max CPU
Maximum Possible CPUMaximum Possible CPU
44
OEM 10g Zoom In
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OEM 10g Zoom-In
CPU + WAIT
Available CPU
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OEM 10g get to work !
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OEM 10g get to work !
LooksLooksOKOK
But But
RelaxRelax Get to Work!Get to Work!
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Alternative ASL Calculations
ASL = DB TIME / Elapsed Time
But there is another wayBut there is another way
47
ASL b d ASH
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ASL based on ASH
ASH - Active Session History
v$active_session_history
Formula
Count active sessions over 15 seconds
Divided by # of samples in 15 seconds= Average Session Load
A statistical approximation, but surprisingly close
ASH data source empowers drilldown into thecauses of bottlenecks
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2 ASL from ASH
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2. ASL from ASH
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66
55
4433
22
22
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4433
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ASHASH
11
t0t0 tntn
11
t0t0--nn
active sessions(ti)nn
00ASL =ASL = // nn
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Two Sources comparison
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Two Sources comparison
1. v$system_event & v$sysstat
Indirect
Accurate
Lags (especially CPU)
Limits analysis
2. v$active_session_history
Direct
Real time Approximation
Allows drilldowns
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DB HomeDB Home
PerformancePerformance
Top ActivityTop Activity
11
Same Chart butSame Chart but
calculated differentlycalculated differently
22
51
1. ASL Performance PageDB HomeDB Home
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g
v$v$sysstatsysstat
DB HomeDB Home
PerformancePerformance
Top ActivityTop Activity
v$system_eventv$system_event
ASL = DBT /ASL = DBT / TimeTime
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2 ASL Top Activity Page
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2. ASL Top Activity Page
v$active_session_historyv$active_session_history
active sessions(ti)nn
00ASL =ASL =
DB HomeDB Home
PerformancePerformance
Top ActivityTop Activity
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Samples VS Counters
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Samples VS Counters
CountersCounters
SamplesSamples
Slight LagsSlight Lags
v$system_eventv$system_event
v$active_session_historyv$active_session_history
54The Power ASH gives ASLDB HDB H
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DB HomeDB Home
PerformancePerformance
Top ActivityTop Activity
ASHASH
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ASH in OEM
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Top Activity givesTop Activity gives
more informationmore information
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Top Activity : Based on ASH
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Top Activity : Based on ASH
missingmissing
ThanksThanks
ToTo
ASHASH
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Top Activity : ASH Dimensions
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Top Activity : ASH Dimensions
58ASL %Session Time Issue
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Shown in % DB TimeShown in % DB Time
Missing % Session TimeMissing % Session Time
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Top Activity: ASH Sessions
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Many Users ActiveMany Users Active
On Performance Page, no way to tell how many usersOn Performance Page, no way to tell how many users
But Top Activity Page fixes thatBut Top Activity Page fixes that
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Top Activity: ASH Sessions
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Two Users ActiveTwo Users Active
61OEM 10g Perf PagesDB HomeDB Home
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DB HomeDB Home
PerformancePerformance
Top ActivityTop Activity
SQLSQLSessionSession
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Top ActivityTop Activity
SQLSQLSessionSession
63Session : ASH Activity
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64SQL : ASH Activity
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Getting the Most out of ASL
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Need to know the Systems Profile
What your application is like? Data Warehouse
OLTP Typical load
Once you get to know it you can see anomalies
Is ASL near 0 when it should be higher Is that Data Warehouse query running normal
Do you know what it looks like?
Is there an unusual bottleneck
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Knowing your DB Profile
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When to tune?General rules of Thumb
Waits >> CPU
CPU > Max CPU
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Waits > CPU
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CPU > Max CPU
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Idle DatabaseValue of proving the database is Idle
Its the Databases FaultHow many times do you hear that?
Database IdleNo load on database
Database performance is fine Under utilized
Problem lies elsewhere
Saved me time and stress many times
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Idle Database Perf Page
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Idle Database Top Activity
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Harnessing ASL
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Statspack lacking
OEM 10g Best tool 10g (or 11) only
Need licences
Third Party Tools Some good products
Generally as expensive as OEM
Ashmon OEM-lite Free
Any version with S-ASH
Limited analysis
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Statspack
Free and any version
Needs numerical massaging
Lacking detailed SQL and Session info
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OEM 10g
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Clearest, easiest, most powerful Overview
Load chart - ASL
Breakdown Top SQL and Session
Or Service, Module, Action, Objects, Files
Drill downs
SQL Session
Plus ADDM Automatic Database Diagnostics Monitor
SQL Advisor SQL tuning advice
DRAWBACK 10g (or 11) and need license
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OEM 10g Perf PagesDB HomeDB Home
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PerformancePerformance
Top ActivityTop Activity
SessionSession SQLSQL
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AlternativesThird Party tools
Quest Performance Analyzer
Symantec I3
Confio Ignite
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ASHMON a free OEM-lite http://perfvision.com/ashmon.php
Windows application
Monitors Oracle 10g or 11
Show Top Activity page from OEM
Note: Can be used on any version of Oraclewith performance repository available onhttp://perfvision.com/sash.php
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CPU > Max CPU
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Radical Change in Profile
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Going Further Wait AnalysisIf ASL identifies Wait Bottlenecks
Use OEM 10gAutomatic Diagnostic Database Monitor (ADDM)
Oracle Wait Interfaceby R Shee and K Deshpande
Wait Interface Class
Detail explanation, analysis and solutions to thetop 30 wait events (98% of all waits encountered)
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Where Can You Learn MoreOracle 10g Advanced Performance Tuning
ClassWith Kyle Hailey and SkillBuilders
2 Day Class
Offsite or onsite
Registration
www.skillbuilders.comGary Belke at 1-888-803-5607
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Oracle 10g Advanced
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Copyright 2007-2007 Kyle Hailey. Distributed by www.skillbuilders.com.
Performance Tuning Class Learn new 10g performance and diagnostic tools
Understand the 10g Enterprise ManagerPerformance page
ASL, AWR, ADDM
Advanced level of detail Collection, Aggregation, Display, Analyze
Top 30 wait events
ASH
Conquer your database woes!
84
8/4/2019 Ora Perf Skillbldr1
84/84
Copyright 2007-2007 Kyle Hailey. Distributed by www.skillbuilders.com.
In summary ASL is simple and Powerful
ASLs components are even more powerful CPU
WAIT
Value over Time Use # of CPUs as a yardstick
Know your application load profile to see anomalies
Monitor ASL with OEM 10g, Ashmon or third partytools