Oracle 10gR2 to 11gR2 Upgrade with IBM System z - Keeping It Simple ... ( e.g. Oracle Real...

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Oracle 10gR2 to 11gR2 Upgrade with IBM System z - Keeping It Simple

Paul Bramy – ORACLE Corporation – Oracle Integrated Solutions

Didier Wojciechowski – ORACLE Corporation – Oracle Integrated Solutions

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The following is intended to outline our general product direction. It is intended for information purposes only, and may not be incorporated into any contract. It is not a commitment to deliver any material, code, or functionality, and should not be relied upon in making purchasing decisions.

The development, release, and timing of any features or functionality described for Oracle’s products remains at the sole discretion of Oracle.

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Agenda

• Introduction• Database upgrade path with IBM system z

– Regular methodology (GUI )– Command Line Upgrade– Alternative methodologies

• Upgrading Oracle Grid Foundations• Evaluate the Database upgrade• Appendix

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Agenda




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• The strategic upgrade questions:

1) Why does the database need to be upgraded? 2) Does the operating system type change?3) Is a refresh or a change to a new platform planned?4) How much downtime can be experienced?

Database upgrade or database migration?

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Database upgrade or database migration?Te

chno

logi

esAp

plic

atio

ns

Storage/network

HW platform

Virtualization layer(s)

Operating System(s)

Solutions

Infra

stru

ctur

e

Database(s)

Middleware(s)

Current environment

Target environment

Refresh HW platform

Same/Upgraded OS

Database upgrade

New HW platform

New OS

Database migration

Same HW platform

Database upgrade

Same/Upgraded OS

Upgrade Solution Solution Solution

Each scenario determines the methodology to put in place and impact a downtime.

The triggers for a database upgrade or migration are generally a solution upgrade, an HW refresh, or a new HW platform..

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Database upgrade or database migration?IBM system z running Linux

Tech

nolo

gies

Appl

icat

ions

Storage/network

IBM System z

z9, z10, zBC

z/VM

Linux RH or SuSe

Solutions

Infra

stru

ctur

e

10.2.0.x

Middleware(s)

Current environment

Target environment

IBM System zz10,z196, zEC

Same/Upgraded Linux

Upgrade to 11.2.0.2

IBM System z

z9, z10, zBC

Upgrade to 11.2.0.2

Same/Upgraded Linux

Solution Solution

Each scenario represents an upgrade path.

According to the Oracle product certification matrix on Linux on system z, the scenario could be summarized as follow.

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upgradeupgrade

Database upgrade or migration ?Database upgrade or migration ?

Export/ImportExport/Import

CTAS, COPYCTAS, COPY

Transportable TablespacesTransportable Tablespaces

Transportable DatabaseTransportable Database

Oracle StreamsOracle Streams

A standard downtime A standard downtime

SQL ApplySQL ApplyDBUADBUA

Command Line InterfaceCommand Line Interface

SQL> @catupgrd

Oracle Golden GateOracle Golden Gate

Database upgrade or database migration?Methodologies introduction

migrationmigration

Specific downtime constraintSpecific downtime constraint

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Agenda




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upgradeupgrade








SQL ApplySQL Apply


SQL> @catupgrd


Database upgrade or database migration?

migrationmigration


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Database upgrade path with IBM system z Why do we encounter downtime during a database upgrade?

Database is in "UPGRADE" modeThe data dictionary will be upgradedThe database is protected against changes apart from upgrade

This usually means downtime

It applies to:– Database release upgrades

Example: Upgrade from 10.2.0.x to 11.2.0.2

– Patch set upgradesExample: Patch set upgrade from 10.2.0.3 to 10.2.0.5

– Patches which modify the dictionary

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upgradeupgrade








SQL ApplySQL Apply


SQL> @catupgrd


Database upgrade or database migration?Regular methodology

migrationmigration


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Regular methodology Upgrade duration

• How long will the upgrade take to complete?– Independent of:

• Size of the database• Used datatypes

– Dependent mainly on:• The number of installed components and options• Valid and non-stale data dictionary statistics• Number of synonyms – they'll get recompiled• Number of objects in XDB• At a very low rate, if COMPATIBLE is increased:

– Number of datafiles– Size of redo logs

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Regular methodology Upgrade duration

• Upgrade duration is mainly dependent on the number of installed components– Completes usually in 20-90 minutes

• No difference between DBUA and command line upgrade

– We recommend to evaluate of all components are needed – check the impact on the upgrade duration.Component HH:MM:SS

Oracle Server 00:16:17

JServer JAVA Virtual Machine 00:05:19

Oracle Workspace Manager 00:01:01

Oracle Enterprise Manager 00:10:13

Oracle XDK 00:00:48

Oracle Text 00:00:58

Oracle XML Database 00:04:09

Oracle Database Java Packages 00:00:33

Oracle Multimedia 00:07:43

Oracle Expression Filter 00:00:18

Oracle Rule Manager 00:00:12

Gathering Statistics 00:04:53

Total Upgrade Time: 00:52:31

Component HH:MM:SS



Oracle Workspace Manager 00:01:01

Oracle Enterprise Manager 00:10:13

Oracle XDK 00:00:48




Oracle Multimedia 00:07:43

Oracle Expression Filter 00:00:18

Oracle Rule Manager 00:00:12



Component HH:MM:SS



Oracle XDK 00:00:48






Component HH:MM:SS



Oracle XDK 00:00:48






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Regular methodology Database Upgrade Assistant (GUI)

• Features:– Graphically led upgrade– Lots of important checks– RAC aware - inclusion of all nodes

• for RAC (almost) a must !!!– Offline Backup and Restore possible– ASM upgrade (until 11.1)– Oracle XE upgrade– Patch upgrades

– Logs:• $ORACLE_HOME/cfgtoollogs/dbua

– Documentation:• Oracle® Database Upgrade Guide

http://download.oracle.com/docs/cd/E11882_01/server.112/e17222/toc.htm

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Regular methodology Command Line Upgrade – Step-by-Step

Install and patch the new Oracle homeInstall and patch the new Oracle home

Take a complete onlinebackup of the current database

Take a complete onlinebackup of the current database

Download and run utlu112i.sqland follow its recommendations

Download and run utlu112i.sqland follow its recommendations

Start a new 11.2 listenerStart a new 11.2 listener

Copy password file andspfile to the new $OH/dbsCopy password file and

spfile to the new $OH/dbs

Switch to the new 11.2 env.Switch to the new 11.2 env.

SQL> startup upgradeSQL> startup upgrade

Check SYSAUX tablespaceCheck SYSAUX tablespace

SQL> @catupgrd.sqlSQL> @catupgrd.sql

SQL> @utlrp.sql SQL> @utlrp.sql

SQL> @utlu112s.sql SQL> @utlu112s.sql

Time zone changeTime zone change

DONE!DONE!

SQL> @catuppst.sql SQL> @catuppst.sql

SQL> @utluiobj.sql SQL> @utluiobj.sql

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• Upgrade information script: utlu112i.sql– Runs in the environment of the source database– Checks all init parameters and displays warnings for obsolete and

deprecated parameters– Checks

• Components• Tablespace SYSAUX• Time zone file version• Cluster database

Info

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• Get the current version of utlunmi.sql - download it now! • See note 884522.1

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Upgrade Alternatives with IBM System zHow to minimize database downtime ?

• Minimal downtime methods– What does "minimal downtime" really mean?

• 12 hours?• 60 minutes?• 5 minutes?• Less?• No downtime at all?

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upgradeupgrade








SQL ApplySQL Apply


SQL> @catupgrd


Database upgrade or database migration?Alternative upgrade methodologies

migrationmigration


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Alternative upgrade methodologiesOracle Streams

• Concept– Build up a copy of your database and upgrade it– Synchronize it with the source database– Downtime:

• Just reconnecting the clients– Cross platform– Cross version since Oracle 9iR2– Some effort necessary to set it up– Fallback possible– Logminer

• Datatype restrictions• Performance

• Documentation– How to:Oracle® Streams Concepts and Administration: Appendix D/E

http://download.oracle.com/docs/cd/E11882_01/server.112/e17069/ap_strmnt.htm#CIHJBIAA

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Alternative upgrade methodologiesTransportable Database

• Characteristics, advantages and limitations– Feature since Oracle Database 10g Release 2– Cross-platform, but not cross-endianness!!!– With RMAN in an automated way

• Database must be switched to READ ONLY mode– Datafiles must be converted with RMAN into target format

• RMAN CONVERT DATABASE command• Either on the source or the target system – in most cases completes faster on

the target system– Not a real minimal downtime concept

• But very comfortable for migrations in between one Endianness group• Information

– Platform Migration using Transportable Database (RMAN): http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/database/features/availability/maa-wp-10gr2-platformmigrationtdb-131164.pdf

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Alternative upgrade methodologiesOracle GoldenGate

• Concept– Create a copy of your database with TTS or RMAN, etc..– GoldenGate CDG mechanism for synchronization

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Alternative upgrade methodologies - 1/3Oracle GoldenGate

• Example: near-zero-downtime upgrade with Golden Gate

1. Provision a new linux guest2. Create ASM diskgroup3. Start Oracle GoldenGate Capture module

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Oracle GoldenGateCapture

Linux guest

+Diskgroup

+ ASM

1Linux guest

4

4. Set up Clone database,5. Upgrade to 11.2.0.2 thru regular steps

5

+ ASM

2+Diskgroup

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6. Enable a hipersocket or a vlan network between the linux guests 7. Start Oracle Golden Gate delivery module on target

Validate the migration ( e.g. Oracle Real Application Testing (RAT) – see in next slides )** Switchover ** (not depicted). Redirect Application to the new database

Oracle GoldenGate

Capture

Linux guest

+Diskgroup

+ ASM

Linux guest

+ ASM7

Oracle GoldenGate

Delivery

+Diskgroup

Hipersocketvlan

6

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When the new Database is up and running8. Reverse Oracle GoldenGate’s Capture and Delivery processes…9. Once upgrade confirm and approved, stop Oracle GoldenGate and deprovision source

linux guest

Linux guest

+Diskgroup

+ ASM

Linux guest

+ ASM

+Diskgroup

Oracle GoldenGateCapture

8

Oracle GoldenGateDelivery

9

Hipersocketvlan

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Alternative upgrade methodologiesLogical Standby and/or Transient Logical standby with Oracle Data Guard

• Concept: ( Logical Standby steps )– Build up a Physical Standby database– Convert the Physical Standby into a Logical Standby– Upgrade the Logical Standby database– Switchover – Standby will be production system now– Then: Upgrade of the former production database– Eventually: Switchover to the original roles

• Downtime less 2 minutes• Limitations

– No OS change possible– Logminer has known restrictions

• Concept ( Transient Locical standby added Value )– Build up a Physical Standby database– Convert the Physical Standby into a Logical Standby– Upgrade the Logical Standby database– Switchover – Standby will be production system now– Then: Flashback the former production database– Convert it into a Physical Standby– Upgrade just by log apply– Eventually: Switchover to the original setup

• Works pretty straight forward with Oracle Database 11g– Will work with Oracle Database 10g as well but requires more steps

– Find shell scripts in Note:949322.1

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Alternative upgrade methodologiesLogical Standby with Oracle Data Guard

• Important documentation:– Patches, Links and Restrictions when upgrading from 10g:

Note: 300479.1– Note:748595.1 (how to create a logical standby from a physical)– White Paper (see OTN.oracle.com => High Availability => MAA):

Database Upgrades using SQL Applyhttp://www.oracle.com/technetwork/database/features/availability/maa-wp-10gr2-rollingupgradebestprac-1-132006.pdf Database Upgrades using a Transient Logical Standbyhttp://www.oracle.com/technetwork/database/features/availability/maa-wp-11g-transientlogicalrollingu-1-131927.pdf

– Database rolling Upgrade using Transient Logical Standbyhttp://www.oracle.com/technetwork/database/features/availability/maa-wp-

11g-transientlogicalrollingu-1-131927.pdf

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Agenda




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Oracle Grid Foundationintroduction

Dat

abas

eC

lust

er

Luns/ECKD

Sto

rage

ASM (LVM)

Single

Instance

Oracle Clusterware

Services

VIP VIP

APPs

Single Instance

Luns/ECKD Luns/ECKD

RAC

Instance RAC

Instance RAC

Instance RAC

Instance

Silo Linux GuestSingle intance

Clustered Linux GuestsSingle Instance/Database

Clustered Linux GuestsRAC database

ASM (CLVM)ASM (CLVM)




Single Instance

Oracle Clusterware

Services

VIP VIP

APPsRA

C

VM

/OS

Linux Guest

Linux GuestLinux Guest





Linux GuestLinux GuestA

rchi

tect

ure

laye

rs

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Oracle Grid FoundationChanges in 11.2.0.2

Oracle ClusterwareOracle Clusterware

Oracle DatabaseOracle Database

Oracle ClusterwareOracle Clusterware

Oracle ASMOracle ASM

Grid Infrastructure

≥ 11.2.0.110.2.0.x

1.

2.

3.

$ORACLE_BASE$ORACLE_BASE

ORA_CRS_HOME

$ORACLE_HOME – for ASM

$ORACLE_HOME – for Database $ORACLE_HOME – for Database

same owner

Inventory, ADR etc.

GRID_HOME

Inventory, ADR etc.

Oracle DatabaseOracle Database

Oracle ASMOracle ASM

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Oracle Database upgrade paths with IBM system z?Oracle Clusterware Upgrade 11g Release 2

Clusterware

R2R2

ASM:No rolling upgrade

ASM:No rolling upgrade

Clusterware

R2R2Clusterware ≥

10.2.0.3

Clusterware ≥10.2.0.3

R2R2

ASM R2R2

ASM 10.2.0.3ASM 10.2.0.3

Clusterware:Rolling

upgrade

Clusterware:Rolling

upgrade

Always upgrade Oracle Clusterware first.

R2R2

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Oracle Database upgrade paths with IBM system zOracle Clusterware Upgrade 11g Release 2

• Always upgrade Oracle Clusterware first!!!• Upgrading to Oracle Clusterware 11g Release 2:

– Install new software into new Grid Infrastructure home– Out-of-place software upgrade– Grid Infrastructure home is owned by 'root‘– Make sure to check Note:948456.1 for known issues

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Agenda




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Evaluate the Database upgrade Real Application Testing

• Goal:– Record and replay a real workload to see how the new system performs– Find regressions and changing plans before the upgrade

• Licensable database pack "Real Application Testing“Available since Oracle Database 11.1.0.6Available with patch set 10.2.0.4/5Available as single patch for 9.2.0.8 and 10.2.0.2/3

For patch numbers please see Note:560977.1

• Get started!http://www.oracle.com/us/products/database/options/real-application-

testing/index.html

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Evaluate the Database upgrade Real Application Testing• Real Application Testing consists of:

– Database Replay • Package DBMS_WORKLOAD_CAPTURE

Capture works in 9.2.0.8 and 10.2.0.2/3/4/5 and 11.1.0.x and 11.2.0.x• Package DBMS_WORKLOAD_REPLAY

Replay works in 11.1.0.x and 11.2.0.x– SQL Performance Analyzer (SPA)

• Package DBMS_SQLPACollecting statements works in:

9.2.0.x and 10.1. 0.x with sql tracing10.2.0.2/3/4/5 and 11.1.0.x and 11.2.0.x by capturing from cursor cache

Evaluation and comparison works with:10.2.0.2/3/4/5 and 11.1.0.x and 11.2.0.x

– SQL Tuning Sets (STS)• Package DBMS_SQLTUNE

40© 2010 Oracle Corporation 40

• Replay actual production database workload in test environment• Identify, analyze and fix potential instabilities before making changes to

production

• Capture Workload in Production– Capture full production workload with real load, timing & concurrency

characteristics– Move the captured workload to test system

• Replay Workload in Test– Make the desired changes in test system– Replay workload with full production characteristics– Honor commit ordering

• Analyze & Report– Errors– Data divergence – Performance divergence

Database Replay

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Test upgrade impact with existing workload - 1/3Database replay : step one : Capture

Linux guest

+Diskgroup

+ ASM

• Create a Database Reference : (backup your database or create a DB snaphot or use the same DB baseline used for your upgrade process )

• Capture load for interesting time period, e.g., peak workload, month-end processing, etc.

• All Database transaction captured in binary files • Independent of client protocol• System background and internal activity excluded

• Minimal overhead– Avoids function call when possible– Buffered I/O

• Can capture on 9i, 10g, and 11g and replay on 11g

File 1

File system

File 1File

1 File 1 File

n

Database replay Capture

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Test upgrade impact with existing workload - 2/3Database replay : step one : Process Workload Files

• Create a linux guest. Copy all recording file to the new linux guest.

• Clone your source Database and upgrade it to 11gR2. (As described in the previous chapter)

• Processing transforms captured data into replayable format . (The workload recording is consumed by a special application called the replay driver, which sends requests to the RDBMS on which the workload is replayed)

• Once processed, workload can be replayed many times

• For RAC copy all capture files to single location for processing or use shared file system

Linux guest

+ ASM

+Diskgroup

File 1

File system

File 1File

1 File 1 File

n

File 1

File 2

File n

…

Metadata

Rep

lay

File

s

Database replayProcess Workload

Files

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Test upgrade impact with existing workload - 3/3Database replay : step one : Process Workload Files

• Replays workload preserving timing, concurrency and dependencies of the capture system

• Replay Client is a special program that consumes processed workload and sends requests to the replay system

• Clients interpret captured calls into sequence of OCI calls and submit to database

• For high concurrency workloads, it may be necessary to start multiple clients

Linux guest

+ ASM

+Diskgroup

File 1

File 2

File n

…

Metadata

Rep

lay

File

sDatabase replayReplay workload

Replay Clients

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Analysis & Reporting

• Error Divergence: For each call error divergence is reported–New: Error encountered during replay not seen during capture–Not Found: Error encountered during capture not seen during

replay–Mutated: Different error produced in replay than during capture

• Data Divergence–Replay: Number of rows returned by each call are compared and

divergences reported–User: Application level validation scripts

• Performance Reporting–Capture and Replay Report: Provides high-level performance

information–ADDM Report: Provides in-depth performance analysis–AWR, ASH Report: Facilitates comparative or skew analysis

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Special thanks to ..

• Fabienne Lepetit– For her involvement in the creation of this presentation.

• Roy Swonger and Mike Dietrich– For their amazing documents about the database upgrade

document• http://blogs.oracle.com/UPGRADE/

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Q U E S T I O N SQ U E S T I O N SA N S W E R SA N S W E R S

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