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Oracle8i New Feature Summary
2
Database Technology Timeline
Oracle
Informix
Sybase
SQLServer
Early 80s Late 80s Early 90s Late 90s
Pre-relational
Earlyrelational
Client-serverrelational
Enterprise- capablerelational
InternetGeneration
SimpleOLTP
ProgrammableDatabase
Data warehouse &hi-end OLTP
WebDatabase
Database as Application
Platform
3
The InternetOnline -- All the Time
Expanding markets– Time to market
– Greater reach
Retaining customers– Better service, anytime
– Lower costs
Universal access to data– Self service
Network
4
Oracle8i DatabaseMeeting the demanding requirements of the Internet
The Internet demands:
More availability
More scalability
More reliability
Richer content
Faster deployment
5
Oracle8iThe Database for Internet Computing
ApplicationDevelopment
Application Deployment
ContentManagement
Running Your Business Online
6
Oracle8i DatabaseThe Database for Internet Computing
Application Development
7
Business Problem:
Reducing Time-to-Market
Systems must be implemented more quickly and efficiently
New business models and processes require new application development paradigms
Programmer availability is limited, especially in specialized languages
8
Solution: Java™
An open, standards-based language
Provides complete portability Open, highly productive language Programmers are readily available Most application developers and
ISV’s are moving to Java-based solutions
9
Oracle’s Java PlatformDeploy Java where it’s most efficient
Compute- Intensive
Application Logic
Data-Intensive Application
Logic
Oracle ApplicationServer
Oracle8i Oracle JServer
Presentation Logic
300% Java Across All Tiers
BrowserBrowser
10
Oracle8i Java StrategyComprehensive Java support in the database
Enterprise-ready Java server platform to run Java applications
Standard programming interfaces to build Java applications
Component architecture models
11
Java VM in the DatabaseOracle JServer
Oracle JServer is a standard Java VM
• Designed to scale to tens of thousands of users
• Uses standard byte code for portability
Oracle JServer Accelerator* compiles to machine code for improved performance
Java VMPL/SQL Engine
Class Repository
SQL Engine
OracleOracle
*Scheduled to be available in 8.1.6
12
• 2 ways to access SQL
JDBC 2.0 Driver
SQLJ 1.0 Translator
• 3 protocols
Net8, HTTP, IIOP
• 4 programming models
Java Stored Procedures
Enterprise JavaBeans 1.0
CORBA 2.0
Java Server Pages
Java Programming ModelsOpen, standards compliant
Oracle8i
SQLPL/SQL
ORBORB
EJBEJBServicesServices
EJB TSEJB TS
Java VMJDBC SQLJ
CORBACORBAServicesServices
13
Component ArchitecturesSupport for Enterprise JavaBeans and CORBA
Oracle JServer supports both Corba and Enterprise JavaBeans component architectures
Visigenics’ CORBA 2.0 ORB integrated for IIOP communication
Oracle8i multithreaded Server architecture for scalability Oracle8i
14
Java Development Environment JDeveloper Version 2.0
Compile locally or in the database Write stored procedures and triggers Use a graphical wizard to create Enterprise JavaBeans Deploy EJBs in the database or in Oracle Application Serv
er
Oracle8i
Visually Deploy EJBs,JARs, Classes, and Java Source to the Database
Visually Deploy EJBs,JARs, Classes, and Java Source to the Database
15
Tight Integration with NTSupporting NT development and deployment
Windows NT Integration
– Appwizard for Visual Studio
– COM / DCOM integration
– Microsoft Transaction Server integration
– NT native authentication
16
Object Relational EnhancementsContinuing support for Objects
SQL*Loader support for objects
VARRAY storage Triggers on Object
View Nested Tables Temporary LOBs
Partitioned object tables Parallel DML on objects User-Defined Object IDs Nested tables in
IOTs, triggers Collection Unnesting
17
Other EnhancementsImproving Programming Functionality
Temporary tables
– Eases migration to Oracle
Autonomous transactions
– PL/SQL blocks can commit independently
Drop column
Invoker’s rights
– PL/SQL can now be called to run under the rights of the invoker’s schema
Extensibility Framework
– Can extend Oracle to support new datatypes
18
Oracle8i DatabaseThe Database for Internet Computing
Content Management
19
Business Problem:
Web Requires Multi-Media Data
Existing specialty servers for different kinds of data
– Data isolation
– High cost of administration
– Scalability problems
– High training and support costs
Domain-SpecificData
Enterprise Data
SpecialtyServer
MISDatabaseDatabase
Apps.Apps.
SpecialtySpecialtyApps.Apps.
DatabaseServer
Over 90% of multimedia data is stored outside ANY database
20
Managing Multimedia Data Common datatype services
Oracle interMedia– Text– Image– Audio– Video– Locator
Oracle Spatial Oracle Time Series Oracle Visual Information Retrieval (VIR)
21
Oracle iFS: Internet File SystemSimplicity of a file system; benefits of database integration
Hierarchical file/folder structure, but stored in database
Context-based searching Value-added services
– distribution, versioning, check in/out, dynamic foldering, ...
Easier application development
Simpler access to all content
+
+
_
_
+
O:\
RDBMSTablesE-Mail
FilesHTML/XML
22
Oracle iFS for Data IntegrationIntegrate content with XML
Integrate and exchange any content
Structured XML data queryable from SQL
Unstructured XML is Context searchable
Database tables as XML
XMLParser
Any XML Data
HTTP
XMLRenderer
Structured XML Data
Unstructured XML Data
23
Business Problem: Rapid Deployment of Information
Enterprises need to empower their people
Cost of information distribution can be prohibitive
Development time-frames are long, often defeating the initial purpose
24
Oracle WebDBWeb-based development, deployment, and management
Allows end users to build, manage, and monitor web based applications
Wizards provide fast development
– Form Wizard
– Report Wizard
– Chart Wizard
– Menu Wizard
25
Oracle WebDBSelf-service, content driven web sites
Self-service, browser-based web site editing, document publishing, and file uploads
Decentralize web site management, while maintaining centralized control over the infrastructure
26
Oracle8i DatabaseThe Database for Internet Computing
Application Deployment
27
Business Problem: Scalability, Availability, Integration
Manufacturing
Invoicing
OrderOrder
ShippedOrders
ShippedOrders
Orders on
BackorderOrders on
Backorder
Surging workloads require resource management Large user populations: scalability more important
than ever Availability more important than ever; the Internet is
“online--all the time” Applications need to be integrated
28
Managing Resources EffectivelyDatabase Resource Manager
• Database Resource Manager allocates resources to groups of users
– Manage mixed workloads and control system performance
– Allocates CPU and maximum degree of parallelism
Resource SchedulerResource Scheduler
High PriorityHigh Priority
Medium PriorityMedium Priority
Low PriorityLow Priority
Order Entry
Analyst (reports)
Batch Jobs
75% CPU
20% CPU
5% CPU
29
Oracle Parallel Server Consistent Read Cache Fusion
Blocks are not pinged to disk: they are directly transferred from cache to cache
Reduces overhead due to read/write contention
High scalability without specially designed applications
Node A
Node B
30
Oracle Parallel ServerDynamic Load Balancing
Client
Node Dispatchers
Node Dispatchers
Listener
Listener
Databases register with listeners when started Nodes report CPU usage back to registered listeners Listener chooses least used node when connection
is needed
CPU Load
CPU Load
31
Improved Standby DatabasesAutomated and Queryable
Automated transfer of logs from the production to standby database
– More than one standby possible Standby Database can be opened in read-
only mode
– Can now be used for query processing
Employee
Employee EmploEmplo
EXsdfeEXsdfe EXs
EXsAbcdAbcd
OLTP Database Standby/Query OnlyDatabase
32
Integrate Applications with MessagingAdvanced Queuing
Message Queuing is increasingly important Queues and messages integrate application processes Can be used to defer work to a later time Rules-based publish and subscribe model supported
Ship QueueOrder Entry
Shipping
Accounting
Invoice Queue
messagemessage
message
message
33
Business Problem:
Mass Deployment/Mobile Users
Field Sales
Corporate
Region 1 Region 2 Region 3
Region 4 Region 5 Region 6
Region 7 Region 8 Region 9
34
Improved ReplicationEffective and efficient management of many sites
Improved performance– Off-line instantiation
Templates provide easy mass deployment
– Packaged replication environments
– Allows easy deployment at each replicated environment
– Public and private templates maintain security
More functionality– Updatable column level subsetting
Support Call Centers
Sales
Sales and Support
Corporate
DeploymentTemplates
35
OAS 4
Mobile Client
Oracle8i
Browser Application
Application
Java
Oracle LiteAutomatic Replication
Mobile Internet Computing Applications written once, work in both modes
Data
Mobile Internet ComputingTake the Internet with You!
Application
36
Business Problem:
Enterprise Management Costs
Experienced DBA’s are difficult to find and often expensive
Size, number, and complexity of databases are increasing within enterprises
Security and auditing of transactions has become a priority
Installing and configuring databases needs to be simple and easy
37
Oracle Enterprise ManagerEasy to use console to manage the Oracle environment
38
Oracle Enterprise ManagerVersion 2 introduces major enhancements
AgentAgent
RepositoryRepository
Browser
OMSOMS
OMSOMS AgentAgent
AgentAgent
• OEM is now a Java-based application
• Multi-user system and shared repositories
• Dramatically increased scalability
NT or Unix Console
39
Security and User ManagementOracle Internet Directory
LDAP v3 integration SSL used for encryption
Provides single point of user management
Provides single point of user signon
OracleInternet
Directory
Users
OracleSecurityManager
OracleCertificate Authority
OracleWallet
Manager
Wallet
Wallet
Wallet
Wallet
Oracle8i
40
Fine-grained Access ControlSimplified implementation of row-level security
Security policies associated with tables or views
– Policies can't be circumvented, unlike security coded policies in applications
– Simpler than views
Limits data returned, by appending where clause
Application context can be used to carry session “variables”
– Cust_id, for example
SELECT *
FROM ORDERS;
SELECT *
FROM ORDERS;
SELECT *
FROM ORDERS
where cust_id = 123
SELECT *
FROM ORDERS
where cust_id = 123
OrdersTable
Original SQL
Security Policy appends WHERE criteria
41
View Transaction Log ContentsLogMiner
View contents of the transaction log files Can pinpoint when a transaction occurre
d and who did it LogMiner is an API that can access the l
og files– A table is populated with transaction data t
hat then can be queried
– Redo SQL and Undo SQL is available
42
Simplified InstallsOracle Universal Installer/Packager
Java-based; same look and feel on all platforms Easy-to-use, intuitive GUI tool Provides software packaging in Oracle Universal
Installer format Installs both Oracle and non-Oracle software
– Partner products can have same installation procedures
43
Simplified Database CreationDatabase Configuration Assistant
For database creation/deletion Pre-tuned starter database Hardware detection and interview Can be run in silent mode
– Parameter file used for input
– Easy to integrate with other software install routines
44
Other EnhancementsAvailability, Scalability, and Reliability Features
Online and restartable index builds and rebuilds– Table is not locked during index build
Database triggers– Startup, shutdown, DDL, server errors, etc.
Fast-start fault recovery
– DBAs can minimize the time to recover after failure
Execution plan stability
– Stores and reuses plans throughout database upgrades, schema changes, new statistics, etc.
45
Other EnhancementsMiscellaneous Features
N-tier authentication NLS linguistic indexes, EURO support,
Unicode improvements Secondary indexes on index-organized
tables Multiple archive log destinations New constraint DISABLE VALIDATE option Distributed query optimization
46
Other EnhancementsMiscellaneous Features
Simplified Oracle Parallel Server management– Wizards install software on all nodes participating in OPS configur
ation
– Single view of all nodes for easy management
Early detection and correction of data and disk corruption
New “locally managed” tablespaces prevent fragmentation
Recovery Manager enhancements
47
Oracle8i DatabaseThe Database for Internet Computing
Running Your Business Online
48
Business Problem:
Large Table Admin and Performance
More data kept online, longer Data warehouses require high-
performance when summary data access is required
Data movement needs to be performed efficiently
49
Summary ManagementStoring Aggregated Data in Materialized Views
Quarter
Date
City
Sales
Month
Product
Year
Data pre-summarizedand automatically maintained by the database
Sum byCity
Sum byProduct
Sum byDay
Materialized Views
Queries are re-written automatically
50
Improving Query Performance Materialized Views
Materialized views are an instantiation of a SQL statement -- a view with data storage
Queries are transparently re-written to access materialized views
– May dramatically improve performance
Materialized views can be used for join indexes or summary management
51
Making Full Use of SummariesDimensions and Hierarchies
Year
Quarter
Month
Salesdate
WeekSeason
ALL
Dimensions and Hierarchies Dimensions and
hierarchies can be defined so that Oracle can rewrite queries
Summary tables can be used to satisfy queries that need ‘rollups’
52
Management of SummariesSummary Advisor
Summary Advisor
Datadictionaryinformation
Workloadinformation
SpaceRequirements
SummaryRecommendations
SummaryUsage
Summary advisor makes recommendations based on query usage
Allows DBAs to optimize disk costs to performance gains
53
Fast Data TransportationTransportable Tablespaces
Copy tablespaces from one database to another– Same OS, same DB version
– Use FTP, cp, or media (CD)
No loading, import/export of data required
Useful for exact copies of data, as opposed to subsets
Product Catalog
Headquarters Database
Branch Databases
CatalogCatalog
54
Fast and Direct Data LoadingDirect-path Load API
Input
Write
Stream
DirectLoad
Buffer Buffer
Table
Complete access to all load functionality via Oracle Call Interface (OCI) API
Partners and customers can program powerful load programs that load data via a stream instead of file
OracleDB2IMS
OCIprogram
55
Partitioning of Tables and IndexesImproves availability, manageability of large tables and indexes
Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4
ORDER table
01-JANto
31-MAR
01-APRto
30-JUN
01-JULto
30-SEP
01-OCTto
31-DEC
Partitions make VLDBs easier to manage Partitioning benefits system manageability, availability, and performance Partitioning is transparent to users and applications DBAs partition data depending on application characteristics
Range of values
56
Enhanced PartitioningHash partitioning
ORDER table
Insert rows into partition, based on hash of partition key
Good for data striping and parallel DML
Data partitioned, using hash algorithm
57
Enhanced PartitioningComposite partitioning
ORDER table
Best of both range and hash partitioning– Good for striping, parallel DML
– Manageability and availability of range partitioning
Partitioned by range, then hash
Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4
58
Enhanced PartitioningOther partitioning enhancements
Object tables and index-organized tables can be partitioned
Improved partition elimination– Queries that have IN predicates
Partition key can be updated Merge partition operation Partition-wise joins
– Significant performance improvements when joining on keys that have the same partitioning methods
59
Statistics ManagementCopying statistics between databases
CopyStatistics
CopyStatistics
Test
StatisticsStatisticsStatisticsStatistics
Production
Optimizer statistics can be extracted and moved to another database
– Test db can better model the production db: execution plans can be tuned on test db
60
Indexing ImprovementsMore indexing options
Function-based indexes– Indexes based on expressions or functions
Descending indexes– Useful when data is ordered in descending
order, sort will not be necessary
SELECT ordid FROM sales
WHERE (revenue-cost) >= 1000;
SELECT ordid FROM sales
WHERE (revenue-cost) >= 1000;
CREATE INDEX sales_profit_idx
ON sales (revenue-cost);
Index is used
61
Progress MonitorLong running operations monitor
0 61% 100%
Percent Complete:
Progress of long running operations can be tracked– Archiving
– Backup and Restore
– Parallel Query
– Recovery
– Full table scans
– Sort operations
– Analyze (DBMS_STATS)
Applications can also populate this view, using a package
62
Data Warehouse EnhancementsImprovements for very large databases
Sample scan selects only a percentage of rows or blocks
Analyze can be run in parallel Statistics can be collected when an index is
created CUBE/ROLLUP allow single SQL statement to
create cross tab report Top ”n” optimization for top or bottom “n”
records Automated degree of parallelism
63
Oracle8i DatabaseThe Database for Internet Computing
Oracle8i Oracle8i Enterprise Edition Oracle8i Workstation
64
Oracle8i
For department-level and workgroup applications
– Proven, robust architecture
– Easy to install and manage
Options available:– Oracle® interMedia
– Oracle® WebDB
– Oracle JServer
– Oracle Programmer
– Oracle® Standard Management Pack
65
Oracle8i Enterprise Edition For OLTP, data warehouse, and Internet
applications– Provides advanced functionality to support mission-
critical requirements
Options available:
– Oracle® Parallel Server
– Oracle Partitioning
– Oracle JServer Enterprise Ed
– Oracle Advanced Security
– Oracle Programmer
– Oracle Diagnostics Pack
– Oracle Tuning Pack
– Oracle Change Management Pack
– Oracle WebDB
– Oracle interMedia
– Oracle Time Series
– Oracle VIR
– Oracle Spatial
66
Oracle8i Workstation For developers and single-user deployment
– Includes all Oracle8i Enterprise Edition functionality, features, and options
Includes all options:
– Oracle® Parallel Server
– Oracle Partitioning
– Oracle JServer Enterprise Ed
– Oracle Advanced Security
– Oracle Programmer
– Oracle Diagnostics Pack
– Oracle Tuning Pack
– Oracle Change Management Pack
– Oracle WebDB
– Oracle interMedia
– Oracle Time Series
– Oracle VIR
– Oracle Spatial
67
Oracle8i DatabaseThe Database for Internet Computing