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Oral and Written Communication
Communicating your findings is key Impact of work depends on report Visibility to colleagues, competitors Content AND Presentation
Industry feedback on importance of writing Interviewers, Alumni, Visiting Committees Rated above any technical topics
Planning for Your Audience
Different types of writing Journal articles – academic colleagues,
researchers Business memos – co-workers, clients News releases – general public Newspaper articles – interested public Feature articles – recreational readers
Site-specific expectations Company style guidelines (1-3 page maximum) Journal style rules (section headings, order) Preferences of the Boss
Target colleagues, clients, bosses, …
Tables, Figures, and Graphs
Clear, informative, stand alone Descriptive captions with sequential numbering
Tables – above table Figures – below graph in text, above graph in talk
Place in report body where information is introduced or discussed
Use SI units and scientific notation (1.23 x 103, not 1.23E03) Tables
Put units in headings (Pressure (kPa)) Use rulings or spaces only as useful for clarity Scale to put powers of 10 into heading or axis labels Use Scientific notation: 104, or Engineering notation: 10x103
Figures Schematic diagrams with all significant parts and streams
labelled Photographs IF they augment diagrams
Graphs
Figures or Diagrams
Schematic diagrams with all major parts and streams labelled Left-to-right
convention Major components,
omit minor details
Photographs IF they augment diagrams
Air
CO
N2
Mass flow controllers
SyringePump
Reactor
Condenser
Graphs Pattern on textbook examples
Read from bottom or right side Points for DATA, lines for MODELS or FITS Units, informative captions
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
4
4.5
5
5.5
6
2 4 6 8
x
y
y
yfit
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
0 5 10
potentiometer (%)
measu
red
vo
ltag
e (
mV
)
y
yfit
Figure 1 – behavior of y vs. x Figure 2 – Variation of voltage with potentiometer setting
More Graphs Consider the intended use
Lookup and interpolation, or demonstrating trends
Publish in report, or use in oral presentation
Figure 3 – Conversion between Fahrenheit and Celsius
Figure 4 – Relation between Fahrenheit and Celsius
Conversion between C and F
020406080
100120140160180200220240
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
degrees C
deg
rees
F
Conversion between C and F
0
50
100
150
200
250
0 25 50 75 100
degrees C
deg
rees
F
More Graphs Choose axes for clear presentation
Format numbers with suitable significant digits Round values for tick marks (major, minor?) Show models for direct comparison when
possible
Figure 5 – enzyme reactivityFigure 6 – Hydrolysis rate with
[E]o = 2.5 ng/L
y = 0.0156x3 - 0.0596x2 + 0.0791x + 0.0012
R2 = 0.9938
0.00
0.01
0.01
0.02
0.02
0.03
0.03
0.04
0.04
0.05
0 0.5 1 1.5 2
substrate concentration (mM)
rea
cti
on
ra
te (
mM
/min
)
y = 0.019x + 0.0127
R2 = 0.791
0.0000
0.0050
0.0100
0.0150
0.0200
0.0250
0.0300
0.0350
0.0400
0.0450
0.0500
0 0.4 0.8 1.2 1.6 2
substrate concentration (mM)
rea
cti
on
ra
te (
mM
/min
)
… and More Graphs Choose axes for clear presentation
Transform data to linear form for model test [S]/r = [S]/vmax + Km/vmax for “Hanes plot” Direct non-linear fit: r = vmax [S] / (Km + [S])
y = 19.608x + 7.8431
0
10
20
30
40
50
0 0.5 1 1.5 2
substrate concentration (mM)
[S]
/ ra
te (
min
ute
s)
Figure 7 – Hanes plot of hydrolysis rate data
Figure 8 – Hydrolysis rate fit with Km=4.0 mM, vmax=0.051 min-1
0
0.01
0.02
0.03
0.04
0.05
0 0.5 1 1.5 2
substrate concentration (mM)
rate
(mM
/min
ute
)
Oral and Written Communication
Communicating your findings is key for impact
Industry feedback on importance of writing Aim for your intended audience
Questions?