Oral Health- Fix

7/29/2019 Oral Health- Fix

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Atika Prissilia


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INTRODUCTION

Oral health is an essential component of healththroughout life. Poor oral health and untreated oraldiseases and conditions can have a significant impacton quality of life. They can affect the most basic

human needs, including the ability to eat and drink,swallow, maintain proper nutrition, smile, andcommunicate.


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INTRODUCTION Research shows that diabetes and your oral health can

affect each other. This means if you have diabetes,you're at greater risk for developing oral healthproblems such as gum disease and infections.


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What is Diabetes Mellitus??


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How Diabetes Can Affect Your Oral Health

Diabetes mellitus is actually a group of disorders

characterized by the following:

Insufficient supply of insulin because of either a lack ofproduction by the pancreas, a deficit of insulin receptors oran error in insulin metabolism (insulin resistance)

The bodys ability to metabolize carbohydrates, fats and

proteins is impaired Resulting abnormalities in the structure and function of

blood vessels (microangiopathy) and nerves (neuropathy)


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The result of diabetes is hyperglycemia, acondition of abnormally increased blood

glucose.


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Categories of diabetes mellitus :

Diabetes Mellitus

1. Type 1 or Juvenile onset (insulin-dependent) diabetes.

Approximately 5-10% of the cases of diabetes are in

this category. It can be:i) Immune mediated (caused by attack by own bodyantibodies)

ii) Idiopathic (unknown cause)

2. Type 2 or Maturity onset diabetes


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Other Specific Types

Other type of diabetes associated with certainconditions or syndromes: pancreatic disease,disorders of the endocrine glands, infections,chemical- or drug-induced disease, genetic defects,

genetic syndromes, insulin-receptor abnormalities andothers

Gestational diabetes mellitus any degree ofglucose intolerance during pregnancy

Impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) and impairedfasting glucose (IFG) metabolic stagesintermediate between normal glucose metabolicequilibrium and diabetes


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What caused diabetes mellitus? Diabetes mellitus is a disorder

It caused by an absolute or relative lack of insulin.


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Glucose also accumulates to toxic levels inthe blood (hyperglycemia) spills over into

the urine (glucosuria) taking with it,osmotically a large amount of water

(polyuria).


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Warning signsType 1 diabetes

frequent urination,

frequent urge to drink, frequent urge to eat,

weakness and tiredness,

dramatic weight loss,

irritability,

nausea and vomiting


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Warning signsType 2 diabetes

recurring or hard-to-heal skin,

gum or bladder infections, blurred visions, tingling or numbness in hands or feet,

itching


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When should you test for diabetes mellitus?

The test should be considered when you are at age 45years and above and if found to be normal should be

repeated at every 3 years.


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Clinical signs and symptoms of diabetes mellitus

in the mouth

Salivary and oral changes

1. Dry mouth

2. Swelling of the cheeks on both sides with increasedthickness of saliva

3. Increased tooth decay4. Unexplained tooth pain and sensitive teeth

5. Erosion on the inner sides of the front teeth


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Periodontal changes

1. Periodontal or gum diseases

2. Tooth mobility3. Rapidly progressive pocket formation in the gums

4. Bleeding of the gums

5. Yellow, soft, rapidly forming tartar6. Growths beneath the gums


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Tongue changes

1. Pain in the tongue

2. Flabby tongue and indented lateral borders of the

tongue3. Median rhomboid glossitis (rhomboid shaped redness

on the tongue)


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Diabetes and periodontal (gum) disease

Diabetes has long been considered an important factorthat influences the risk of periodontal diseases

(gingivitis and periodontitis)


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The presence ofhyperglycemia contributes to enhancedperiodontal inflammation and jaw bone loss in

diabetes.

Hyperglycemia progressively binds body proteins,forming advanced glycation end products (AGE) whichstimulates inflammatory tissue destruction byinflammatory cells and producing oxygen-free

radicals, which directly damage the tissues.Control of periodontal infection in individuals with

diabetes reduces the level of AGE in the blood.


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Diabetes mellitus and tooth decay

Uncontrolled diabetes increases tooth decay risk as aresult ofreduced saliva secretion and increased glucose

content of saliva.

Other oral complications associated with diabetes mayaffect nutrition by causing the person to select foods

that are easy to chew but not nutritional.


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Tooth Decay


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Dental management of diabetes

The dentist considers interventions such as:

nutritional and dietary analysis,

fluoride therapy, saliva replacement therapy,

systemic antibiotics therapy prescribed by the dentist,

3 -month continued-care intervals,

collaboration with the physician


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How to prevent diabetes

Maintain a normal weight

Have greater daily physical activity

Have regular health checkups

Having a proper diet may help diabetic control


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Oral Complications Gingivitis and periodontal disease


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Oral Complications

Xerostomia and salivary gland dysfunction


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Oral Complications Oral candidiasis


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Oral Complications

Burning mouth syndrome


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Management

aggressive treatment of any oral infections

regular dental examinations and prophylaxis

oral hygiene instruction


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In general, patients who have controlled

diabetes and are receiving good medical carecan receive dental treatment with only very

minimal restrictions.


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Conclusion

People with diabetes have special needs and yourdentist and hygienist are equipped to meet thoseneeds - with your help.

Keep your dentist and hygienist informed of anychanges in your condition and any medication youmight be taking.

Postpone any non-emergency dental procedures if

your blood sugar is not in good control.


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THANK YOU


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References

Ship, J.A. (2003). Diabetes and oral health: An overview. The Journalof theAmerican Dental Association, 134, 4s-10s.

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. National diabetes fact sheet:general information and national estimates on diabetes in the United States,2002. Atlanta, GA: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers forDisease Control and Prevention, 2003.

Moore, P.A., Zgibor J.C., & Dasanayake, A.P. (2003). Diabetes: A growingepidemic of all ages. The Journal of theAmerican Dental Association, 134, 11s-15s.

Harris, M.I. Summary. In: National Diabetes Data Group; National Institute ofDiabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases. Diabetes in America. 2nd ed.Bethesda, Md.: National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Diabetesand Digestive and Kidney Diseases; 1995: 1-13. NIH publication 95-1468.

Vernillo, A.T. Diabetes mellitus: relevance to dental treatment. Oral Surg OralMed Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 2001; 91: 263-70. Taylor, G.W. (2003). The effects of periodontal treatment on diabetes. The

Journal ofthe American Dental Association, 134, 41s-48s. Le, H. Periodontal disease. The sixth complication of diabetes mellitus.

Diabetes Care 1993; 16: 329-34.

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