ORAL PATHOLOGY

ORAL PATHOLOGY

Aka: Oral and Maxillofacial PathologyDoctor: Oral Pathologist

General w/ 4 years additional education. Dx diseases and conditions of the oral

cavity. WNL

Within Normal Limits• Assistants duties;• Look for tissue that is not WNL

LESIONS

Any wound sore tissue damage

Caused by trauma injury disease chemicals

Location Above the mucosa below the mucosa even or flat with

the mucosa On the:

cheekslips tonguepalate

Above the surface

Blister fluid filled sac Bulla = large blister

Vesicle = small blister

Above the surface

Pustule pus in the blister

Hematoma blood in the blister

Above the surface

Plaque, (not dental) patch or flat area slightly raised from

the surface of the mucosa

Below the surface

Ulcer break or defect of the mucosa

Erosion shallow defect due to trauma

Below the surface

Abscess Periapical

around the apex

Radiograph

Below the surface

Abscess Periodontal

around the tooth

Causes poor OHI irritant infection

Below the surface

Cyst sac or pouch fluid and semi-solid

material blocked duct crown of unerupted

tooth.

Flat, even, or raised w/ the surface

Ecchymosis medical term for bruising

Petechiae small red dots/spots

Flat, even, or raised w/ the surface

Nodules small solid lesions below or above

surface

Granuloma nodule with

granulation tissue

Flat, even, or raised w/ the surface

Tumors ‘oma’ means tumor benign = not life

threatening malignant = life

threatening

Dental Caries

Aka tooth decay pt’s call it a ‘cavity’ disease of the oral

cavity

Caused by: Streptococcus

mutans lactobacilli

bacteria eat sugarproduce acid

Types incipient arrested root rampant recurrent

Progression of Dental Caries

1. A tooth surface without caries.

2. The first signs of demineralization, a small "white spot" has been formed (initial caries,or incipient caries). It is not yet a cavity, the surface is still hard. With proper measures, the caries process can be halted here and even reversed.

3. The enamel surface has broken down. We have got a "lesion" with a soft floor.

4. A filling has been made, but as can be seen, the demineralization has not been stopped and the lesion is surrounding the filling. It is sometimes called "Secondary caries or recurrent caries."

5. The demineralization proceeds and undermines the tooth.

6. The tooth has fractured - an effect of a process which could have been stopped at an early stage!

Progression of Dental Caries

Rampant caries

Aka ‘baby bottle mouth’

widespread decaythroughout whole

mouthuncontrolled

Conditions of the teeth

Amelogenesis imperfecta

Dentinogenesis imperfecta

Conditions of the teeth

Attrition natural wearing

away

Abrasion break down of tooth

bruxismbrushingchemicalshabits

Conditions of the teeth

Anodontia congenital absence

of teeth.One, several, allmost common on,

• 3rd molars and • lateral incisors

Macrodontia large teeth

Microdontia small teeth

Conditions of the teeth

Supernumerary more than normal

#

Twinning aka gemination a

"double crown" or a "double root." Tooth counting reveals a normal number of teeth.

Conditions of the teeth

Fusion two adjacent tooth

germs merge producing one tooth

tooth counting reveals decreased numbers

Concresence roots of two

adjacent teeth are joined by cementum

Conditions of the teeth

Conditions of the tongue

Glossitis inflammation of the

tongue

Fissured tongue

Ankyloglossia aka tongue tied lingual frenum is

attached near or at the tip of the tongue

Tx = frenectomy

Conditions of the tongue

Geographic tongue aka strawberry

tongue fungiform papilla

Hairy tongue aka black hairy

tongue filliform papilla

Conditions of the oral tissues

Aspirin burn Smokeless tobacoo

Conditions of the oral tissues

Gingival hyperplasia overgrowth of the

gingival tissue. Genetics Medications

Dilantin, anti-seizure

Poor fitting denture hormones

pubertypregnancy

Conditions of the oral tissues

Puberty gingivitis

Pregnancy gingivitis

Amalgam tattoo

Conditions of the oral tissues

Nicotine Stomatitis Aphthous Ulcer aka canker sore

stresshormonesdietpoor immune

system

Conditions of the oral tissues

Cellulitis inflammation of the

tissue.

Bell’s Palsy paralysis of one

side of the face.

Conditions of the oral tissues

Cleft lip improper fusion of

the nasal process with the max. process

Cleft palate improper fusion of

the palatal bones

Conditions of the oral tissues

Torus tori (plural)

aka exostosisbony growth

Diseases of the oral cavity

Herpes HSV type I

Herpes Zoster aka shingles

Diseases of the oral cavity

Oral cancer squamous cell

carcinoma

Diseases, conditions (AIDS PT.)

HIV gingivitis Candidiasis aka ‘thrush’ initial sign

(manifestation) of AIDS

Diseases, conditions (AIDS PT.)

Hairy Leukoplakia Kaposi’s sarcoma

Diseases, conditions (AIDS PT.)

Candida albicans Bacteria that

causes fungal infection

similar to thrush

ANUG Acute, Necrotizing,

Ulcerative, Gingiva

Closing

There are hundred of pathological diseases and conditions.

Always look for things that are not ‘WNL’

Dental assistant can never diagnose!Remember, you are another set of

‘eyes’ for your doctor.Any questions??