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Definition Characterization

Motivations Aims Strategy Perspectives Categories

Terrorism History

Final Remarks

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No Internationally agreed definition;

Systematic use of terror;

Criminal act;

Ideological Goal;

Multiple targets.

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Normally - Extremist;

All means Used;

Who disagree - Enemy;

Inspired/Based on an Ideology:

Extreme Right or Left; Nationalist; Religious; Mercenary;Criminal; State terrorism;Special Interest.

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Motivations

Racial Base;

Psychological Base;

Cultural Base.

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Aims

A Terrorist group commits acts of violence to:

Produce Fear; Obtain Recognition; Harass, weaken or embarrass security forces; Steal or extort; Destroy Facilities or disrupt lines of communication; Discourage foreign investments; Influence government decisions; Free prisoners; Revenge.

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Strategy

Violence Attention;

Plan for Publicity;

The act lies on the publics or governments

reaction.

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Perspectives

Terrorist:

No devils;

Believers. Victim:

Terrorists = Criminals.

General Public:

Unstable view.

one mans terrorist is another mans freedom fighter

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Categories

Separatist;

Ethnocentric;

Nationalistic; Revolutionary;

Political;

Religious;

Social;

Domestic;

Transnational.

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Terror in Antiquity: 1st

14thCentury

Zealots:

Opposed Roman rule and taxation.

The Assassins: Faction of Shia Islam Nizari Ismalis.

Both were Ultimate Failures.

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Early Roots of Terror: 14th

18thCentury

Terror and barbarism used;

The kingdoms had the capacity to suppressterrorism;

First use of the word Terrorism, France.

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In the Modern Era: 19thCentury

Small Groups;

Anarchists;

Emergence of nationalist movements; Russian Nrodnya Volya.

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20thCentury

The Two world wars inflamed hopes ofnationalists:

Colonial empires; Irish and Macedonian example.

The ordinary citizens become legitimatetargets; The cold war:

Bi-polar world; The Revolutions acts were supported by Soviet Unionand EUA.

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The modern terrorism: Begun 1968, PFLP; Symbolic Value.

Globalization of terrorism and cooperation

between groups;The most deadly terrorist act September 11,2001.

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Terrorists with new capabilities;

Modern technology;

Increasing of violence to get more attention;

Middle East, Pakistan and Afghanistan asmain power centers for terrorism.

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TERRORISM AND TERRORIST

THE MEANING, PURPOSE AND BEHAVIOR

BANA, Miguel Sanches, BARBOSA, Pedro Gomes, PEREIRA, Rui,ANES, Jos Manuel e RIBEIRO, Antnio Silva (2006). As Teias doTerror: novas ameaas globais. Lisboa: squilo.

CHALIAND, Grard e BLIN, Arnaud (2007). The history of terrorism:from antiquity to Al Qaeda. Berkeley: University of California Press..

HOFFMAN, Bruce (1998a). Inside Terrorism. New York: ColumbiaUniversity Press.

MOREIRA, Adriano (2004). Terrorismo. 2 ed. Coimbra: Almedina.

SANMARTIN, J. (2005). El Terrorista: Cmo es. Cmo se hace.Barcelona. Editorial Ariel.

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